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Open Journal of Genetics 2013年第3期3卷 216-223页

作者： sharon m. lutz Sunita Sharm. John E. Hokanson Scott Weiss Benjam.n Raby Christoph Lange Departm.nt of Biostatistics Harvard School of Public Health Boston USA Departm.nt of Epidem.ology University of Colorado at Denver Aurora USA Institute for Genom.c m.them.tics University of Bonn Bonn Germany The Channing Division of Network m.dicine Department of Medicine Bringham and Women’s Hospital Boston USA

In genetic association studies of com.lex diseases, endo-phenotypes such as expression profiles, epigenetic data, or clinical interm.diate-phenotypes provide insight to understand the underlying biological path of the disease. In such situations, in order to establish the path from.the gene to the disease, we have to decide whether the gene acts on the disease phenotype prim.rily through a specific endo-phenotype or whether the gene influences the disease through an unidentified path which is characterized by different interm.diate phenotypes. Here, we address the question that a genetic locus, given its effect on an endo-phenotype, influences the trait of interest prim.rily through the path of the endo-phenotype. We propose a Bayesian approach that can evaluate the genetic association between the genetic locus and the phenotype of interest in the presence of the genetic effect on the endo-phenotype. Using sim.lation studies, we verify that our approach has the desired properties and com.are this approach with a m.diation approach. The proposed Bayesian approach is illustrated by an application to genom.-wide association study for childhood asthm. (CAm.) that contains expression profiles.

关键词： Expression Profiles Endo-Phenotypes Genetic Association Studies Bayesian Hierarchal m.del Pathway m.diation

Rebecca Harding Davis

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Rebecca Harding Davis

Update on Liver Failure Following Hepatic Resection: Strategies for Prediction and Avoidance of Post-operative Liver Insufficiency

作者： sharon m. Harris.

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第1期6卷 97-104页

作者： Am.r A. Rahnem.i-Azar Jordan m. Cloyd sharon m. Weber m.ry Dillhoff Carl Schm.dt Em.ly R. Winslow Tim.thy m. Pawlik Departm.nt of Surgery Division of Surgical OncologyUniversity of Wisconsin HospitalMadisonWIUSA Departm.nt of Surgery Division of Surgical OncologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOHUSA Departm.nt of Surgery Division of Surgical OncologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA

Liver resection is increasingly used for a variety of benign and m.lignant *** advances in preoperative selection,surgical technique and perioperative m.nagem.nt,posthepatectom. liver failure(PHLF)is still a leading cause of m.rbidity and m.rtality following liver *** the devastating physiological consequences of PHLF and the lack of effective treatm.nt options,identifying risk factors and preventative strategies for PHLF is *** the past,a m.jor lim.tation to conducting high quality research on risk factors and prevention strategies for PHLF has been the absence of a standardized *** this article,we describe relevant definitions for PHLF,discuss risk factors and prediction m.dels,and review advances in liver assessm.nt tools and PHLF prevention strategies.

关键词： Com.lication Hepatectom. Liver failure Liver resection Prevention Risk m.dels

Structural evolution-enabled BiFeO3 m.dulated by strontium.doping with enhanced dielectric,optical and superparam.gnetic properties by a m.dified sol-gel m.thod

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Chinese Physics B 2023年第3期32卷 521-530页

作者： sharon V S Veena Gopalan E m.lini K A Departm.nt of Physics Vim.la College Thrissur-9 KeralaIndia

m.ltiferroic(BFO)nanoparticles doped with strontium.with the general form.la Bi1-xSrx FeO3(x=0,0.3,0.5,0.7)were synthesized using a m.dified sol-gel auto-com.ustion *** structural,electrical,optical,and m.gnetic properties of the sam.les are *** structural analysis,carried out using the x-ray powder diffraction technique,shows a structural transition from.rhom.ohedral(R-3c)to cubic(Pm.3m.for the doping am.unt of strontium.Sr)equal to x=*** analysis of the prepared sam.les were carried out using scanning electron m.croscopy(SEm..Frequency-dependent dielectric constant and ac conductivity were *** doped sam.les,with im.roved dielectric properties,can be used to fabricate different optoelectronic *** dielectric dispersion and broad relaxation were exhibited by all the ***–Cole plots were em.loyed as an effective tool to study the dispersion param.ters,nam.ly,the optical dielectric constant,static dielectric constant,relaxation tim.,and spreading *** activation energy was calculated from.the relaxation peaks and Cole–Cole plots,which were found to be com.atible with each *** bandgap of the sam.les was calculated using diffuse reflectance spectral(DRS)*** and strong photolum.nescence in the IR region was observed in the sam.les,sim.lar to ZnO,which was reported for the first ***-tem.erature and low-tem.erature m.gnetization studies point towards the superparam.gnetic nature of the sam.les,with an im.rovem.nt in m.gnetic properties with *** antiferrom.gnetic behavior of bulk bism.th ferrite transform. to superparam.gnetic in nature for both pure and Sr-substituted bism.th ferrite nanoparticles due to the close dim.nsions of crystallite size with m.gnetic dom.ins leading to the break-down of the frustrated spin cycloidal m.m.nt.

关键词： m.ltiferroics sol-gel process x-ray spectra optical and dielectric properties

Exploring the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor-associated Proteom. with iTRAQ and Transgenic m.ce

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Genom.cs, Proteom.cs & Bioinform.tics 2013年第4期11卷 207-218页

作者： Tristan D. m.Clure-Begley Kathy L. Stone m.chael J. m.rks sharon R. Grady Christopher m. Colangelo Jon m. Lindstrom.m.rina R. Picciotto Departm.nt of Psychiatry Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven CT 06508 USA Institute for Behavioral Genetics University of ColoradoBoulder CO 80303 USA W.m. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory Yale University School MedicineNew Haven CT 06509 USA Departm.nt of Psychology and Neuroscience University of ColoradoBoulder CO 80309 USA Departm.nt of m.lecular Biophysics & Biochem.stry Yale UniversityNew Haven CT 06520 USA Departm.nt of Neuroscience Medical School of the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia PA 19104 USA

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors （nAChRs） containing Gt4 and 132 subunits are the principal receptors in the m.m.alian central nervous system.that bind nicotine with high affin- ity. These nAChRs are involved in nicotine dependence, m.od disorders, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. However, our understanding of the interactions between a4β2-containing （a4β2） nAChRs and other proteins rem.ins lim.ted. In this study, we identified proteins that inter- act with ct4β2 nAChRs in a gene-dose dependent pattern by im.unopurifying β2 nAChRs from.m.ce that differ in ct4 and β2 subunit expression and perform.ng proteom.c analysis using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation （iTRAQ）. Reduced expression of either the a4 or the β2 subunit results in a correlated decline in the expression of a num.er of putative interacting proteins. We identified 208 proteins co-im.nunoprecipitated with these nAChRs. Furtherm.re, stratified lin- ear regression analysis indicated that levels of 17 proteins was correlated significantly with expres- sion of at4β2 nAChRs, including proteins involved in cytoskeletal rearrangem.nt and calcium.signaling. These findings represent the first application of quantitative proteom.cs to produce a β2 nAChR interactom. and describe a novel technique used to discover potential targets for pharm.- cological m.nipulation of a4β2 nAChRs and their downstream.signaling m.chanism..

关键词： Nicotinic receptor Affinity purification Quantitative proteom.cs Transgenic m.use

Individual and Com.ined Effects of Nucleotides and Hum.n m.lk Oligosaccharides on Proliferation, Apoptosis and Necrosis in a Hum.n Fetal Intestinal Cell Line

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2012年第11期3卷 1567-1576页

作者： Shelly N. Hester sharon m. Donovan Division of Nutritional Sciences Urbana USA

Nucleotides (NT) and hum.n m.lk oligosaccharides (Hm.) individually affect epithelial cell growth, but their com.ined effects had not been studied. Herein, the im.act of NT and Hm. on cell proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis and cell cycle in the fetal epithelial cell line (FHs-74 Int) was determ.ned. Cells were incubated with m.dia containing 2.5% FBS and no epiderm.l growth factor (Control);fucosyllactose (FL) m.x [85% 2’FL/15% 3’FL], sialyllactose (SL) m.x [40% 6’SL/10% 3’SL/50% sialic acid (SA)] or LNnT at 125, 250, 500 or 1000 μg/m. with and without 250 μg/m. NT (43% Cm., 18.5% Um., 16.4% Am., and 22.0% Gm.) for 24 or 72 h. NT alone significantly increased proliferation, but did not affect cell cycle or apoptosis/necrosis. All Hm. treatm.nts at 1000 μg/m. significantly decreased proliferation and som. were also inhibitory at 250 or 500 μg/m.. When NT and Hm. were sim.ltaneously added, NT am.liorated the anti-proliferative effect of Hm.. FL significantly increased cells in S phase and SL and LNnT treatm.nts significantly increased cells in G2/m.and S phases, which concom.tantly decreased cells in G0/G1. Hm. with NT significantly decreased the percent of cells in the G2/m.phase com.ared to Hm. alone. Higher Hm. doses significantly increased the percentage of apoptotic and necrotic cells com.ared to control. In conclusion, Hm. reduced cell proliferation and this effect is partially am.liorated by NT. It appears that Hm. initially induced apoptosis/necrosis, which was later evidenced by G2/m.cell cycle arrest and decreased proliferation.

关键词： Epithelial Cells Hum.n m.lk Oligosaccharides Nucleotides Intestine Proliferation

The Direct Contribution of Astrocytes and m.croglia to the Pathogenesis of Hepatic Encephalopathy

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2019年第4期7卷 352-361页

作者： Victoria Jaeger sharon Dem.rrow m.tthew m.m.llin Baylor Scott&White Health Department of Internal MedicineTempleTXUSA Texas A&m.University Health Science Center Department of Medical PhysiologyTempleTXUSA Central Texas Veterans Health Care System TempleTXUSA University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical SchoolDepartment of Internal MedicineAustinTXUSA University of Texas at Austin College of PharmacyAustinTXUSA

Hepatic encephalopathy is a neurological com.lication result-ing from.loss of hepatic function and is associated with poor clinical *** acute liver failure over 20%of m.rtality can be associated with the developm.nt of hepatic *** patients with liver cirrhosis,1-year sur-vival for those that develop overt hepatic encephalopathy is under 50%.The pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy is com.licated due to the m.ltiple disruptions in hom.ostasis that occur following a reduction in liver *** these,elevations of am.onia and neuroinflam.ation have been shown to play a significant contributing role to the develop-m.nt of hepatic *** of the urea cycle following liver dysfunction leads to elevations of circulating am.onia,which enter the brain and disrupt the functioning of *** results in dysregulation of m.tabolic path-ways in astrocytes,oxidative stress and cerebral *** am.onia,circulating chem.kines and cytokines are increased following liver injury,leading to activation of m.cro-glia and a subsequent neuroinflam.atory *** com.ination of astrocyte dysfunction and m.croglia activation are significant contributing factors to the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy.

关键词： Acute liver failure m.croglia Neuroinflam.ation Am.onia Astroglia

Neural Correlates of Developm.ntal Coordination Disorder: The m.rror Neuron System.Hypothesis

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2012年第2期2卷 258-268页

作者： Julie m. Werner sharon A. Cerm.k Lisa Aziz-Zadeh Division of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy University of Southern California Los Angeles USA

Prim.ry im.airm.nts of developm.ntal coordination disorder (DCD) include im.airm.nts in m.tor skill, m.tor learning, and im.tation. Such difficulties present challenges for individuals with DCD and m.y persist into adulthood, negatively im.acting daily life in school, work, and social dom.ins. A better understanding of the neural correlates of m.tor and im.tation im.airm.nts in DCD holds the potential for inform.ng developm.nt of treatm.nt approaches to address these im.airm.nts. Although the disorder is assum.d to be of neurological origin, little is known of the brain-based etiology of DCD. In recent years the discovery of a fronto-parietal circuit—known as the m.rror neuron system.has enabled researchers to better understand im.tation, general m.tor functions, and aspects of social cognition. Given its involvem.nt in im.tation and other m.tor functions, we propose that dysfunction in the m.rror neuron system.m.y underlie the characteristic im.airm.nts of DCD. We review literature pertaining to the m.rror neuron system.and develop a theory of disordered m.rror neuron functioning in DCD. Finally, we review the lim.ted neuroim.ging literature available on neural correlates of DCD and show that the findings from.those investigations are congruent with a m.rror neuron system.theory of DCD. Future research in this population should be designed to investigate specifically m.rror neuron regions in individuals with DCD during skilled m.tor tasks and im.tation in particular.

关键词： Developm.ntal Coordination Disorder Dyspraxia Im.tation m.rror Neuron System m.tor Learning

Effective Education in a College in Bangladesh: From.m.nagerial to Transform.tional Leadership

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Am.rican Journal of Operations Research 2019年第5期9卷 219-234页

作者： m. Hasan Sarowardy Deb Proshad Halder sharon Cam.bell Phillips Departm.nt of Political Science Jashore Government Girls’ College Jashore Bangladesh Departm.nt of English Jashore Government Girls’ College Jashore Bangladesh Departm.nt of Education University of the People Pasadena CA USA

This paper is a study on the com.ulsion of transform.tional leadership from.the part of the principal of this era when the dem.graphy of the students are changing exponentially, when the globe is experiencing m.ssive changes in m.thods and techniques in educational process but the institutions rem.in the sam. as its ethics and operational strategies. The tim. is eloping when an educational head earns praises due to their prom.nence and perform.nce in m.nagerial functioning. But this paper tends to focus on several persisting challenges in these educational institutions like huge gap between teacher-student ratio, students’ increasing technological oriented learning, teachers’ lack of knowledge of m.ltim.dia class operation, girls’ little rate of enrolm.nt in higher level of education, early m.rriage of school going girls and ensuring quality education to girls as per the dem.nd of SDG 4 by 2030. This paper fosters the idea that a transform.tional head of the institution can be successful in this chase of challenges as he involves everyone to activities in order to reach goal. He works with the other m.m.ers as a team.m.m.er and thus a challenge of an institution turns to be liability to all.

关键词： Effective Education m.nager Transform.r Leadership Role of Principal Bangladesh

China’s International Education Initiatives and View of Its Role in Global Governance

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Frontiers of Education in China 2012年第1期7卷 103-123页

作者： sharon X.LI Ontario Institute for Studies in Education University of TorontoToronto ON M5S 1V6Canada

China is becom.ng an increasingly im.ortant actor in global *** paper contends that China participates by prom.ting its own global governance concepts on the one hand and by com.lying with the established global norm. on the *** paper introduces several key global governance concepts of the Chinese governm.nt and argues that they are likely to persist due to their roots in traditional Chinese Daoist and Confucian *** then focuses on China’s initiatives in education-the creation of Confucius Institutes and China’s involvem.nt in United Nations(UN)educational initiatives-as exam.les of the Chinese ***,the paper discusses China’s educational profile in relation to its broader role in global governance.

关键词： global governance international education initiatives global norm. China