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Direct-Seeded Rice: Genetic Improvement of Game-Changing Traits for Better Adaption

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Rice science 2024年第4期31卷 417-433页

作者： Priyanka NEGI Jagadish RANE Rajendra Sadashiv WAGH Tukaram Jayaram BHOR Dipti Digambar GODSE Priyanka JADHAV C.ANILkUMAR Dasari SREEkANTH k.SAMMI REDDY sharad Ramrao GADAkH k.M.BORAIH C.B.HARISHA P.S.BASAVARAJ Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management Baramati 413115India Mahatma Phule krishi Vidyapeeth Rahuri 413722India ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture Bikaner 334006India ICAR-National Rice Research Institute Cuttack 753006India ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research Jabalpur 482004India Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh krishi Vidyapeeth Akola 444104India

The sustainability of rice production continues to be a subject of uncertainty and inquiry attributed to shifts in climatic conditions. In light of the impending climate change crisis and the high labor and water costs accompanying it, direct-seeded rice(DSR) is unquestionably one of the most practical solutions. Despite its resource and climate-friendly advantages, early maturing rice faces weed competitiveness and seedling establishment challenges. Resolving these issues is crucial for promoting its wider adoption among farmers, presenting it as a more effective sustainable rice cultivation method globally. Diverse traditional and contemporary breeding methods are employed to mitigate the limitations of the DSR approach, leveraging advanced techniques such as speed breeding and genome editing. Focusing on key traits like mesocotyl length elongation, early seedling vigor, root system architecture, and weed competitiveness holds promise for transformative improvements in DSR adaptation at a broader scale within farming communities. This review aims to summarize how these features contribute to increased crop production in DSR conditions and explore the research efforts focusing on enhancing DSR adaptation through these traits. Emphasizing the pivotal role of these game-changing traits in DSR adaptation, our analysis sheds light on their potential transformative impact and offers valuable insights for advancing DSR practices.

关键词： climate change direct-seeded rice aerobic rice early vigor trait

Typhoon-and pollution-driven enhancement of reactive bromine in the mid-latitude marine boundary layer

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 93-101页

作者： Shanshan Wang Qinyi Li Ruifeng Zhang Anoop sharad Mahajan Swaleha Inamdar Nuria Benavent Sanbao Zhang Ruibin Xue Jian Zhu Chenji Jin Yan Zhang Xiao Fu Alba Badia Rafael P.Fernandez Carlos A.Cuevas Tao Wang Bin Zhou Alfonso Saiz-Lopez Shanghai key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3) Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Institute of Eco-Chongming(IEC) Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Institute of Physical Chemistry Blas CabreraCSIC Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Environment Research Institute Shandong University Centre for Climate Change Research Indian Institute of Tropical MeteorologyMinistry of Earth Sciences Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder Institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua University Sostenipra Research Group Institute of Environmental Science and Technology(ICTA)Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona(UAB) Institute for Interdisciplinary Science (ICB) National Research Council (CONICET)

Tropospheric reactive bromine is important for atmospheric chemistry,regional air pollution,and global *** studies have reported measurements of atmospheric reactive bromine species in different environments,and proposed their main sources,***-salt aerosol（SSA）,oceanic biogenic activity,polar snow/ice,and *** and other strong cyclonic activities（***） induce abrupt changes in different earth system processes,causing widespread destructive ***,the role of typhoons in regulating reactive bromine abundance and sources remains ***,we report field observations of bromine oxide（BrO）,a critical indicator of reactive bromine,on the Huaniao Island（HNI）in the East China Sea in July *** observed high levels of BrO below 500 m with a daytime average of9.7±4.2 pptv and a peak value of ～26 pptv under the influence of a *** field measurements,supported by model simulations,suggest that the typhoon-induced drastic increase in wind speed amplifies the emission of SSA,significantly enhancing the activation of reactive bromine from SSA *** also detected enhanced BrO mixing ratios under high NOxconditions（ppbv level） suggesting a potential pollution-induced mechanism of bromine release from *** elevated levels of atmospheric bromine noticeably increase ozone destruction by as much as ～40% across the East China *** the high frequency of cyclonic activity in the northern hemisphere,reactive bromine chemistry is expected to play a more important role than previously thought in affecting coastal air quality and atmospheric oxidation *** suggest that models need to consider the hitherto overlooked typhoon-and pollution-mediated increase in reactive bromine levels when assessing the synergic effects of cyclonic activities on the earth system.

关键词： reactive bromine atmospheric chemistry marine boundary layer atmospheric oxidation capacity marine emission

Semi-flowable self-consolidating concrete using industrial wastes for construction of rigid pavements in India:An overview

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2023年第2期10卷 243-257页

作者： Bhupati kannur Hemant sharad Chore Department of Civil Engineering Dr.B.R.Ambedkar National Institute of Technology JalandharPunjabIndia

The construction of rigid pavements using conventionally vibrated concrete consumes a significant amount of energy as it requires rigorous *** also requires a high number of laborers and creates noise during ***,a new kind of concrete called semi-flowable self-consolidating concrete(SFSCC)for pavement construction using slip-form paving technology is reviewed in this *** SFSCC requires no energy for compaction as it gets compacted under its self *** also renders shape stability in the fresh state which is critical to expedite the construction in slip form *** review focuses on the need,evolution,and requirement of the ingredient materials,mix design,and methods for testing the properties of ***,the utilization of industrial wastes in the construction industry and the production of self-consolidating concrete are *** literature on the effect of different materials on the properties of such concrete and field studies in this context are ***,its suitability as pavement construction material either in normal rural roads or in low-volume village roads is discussed in the Indian *** review reveals that relatively less amount of study on SFSCC in general and as a pavement material in particular is available in the literature and pursuant to this,creates a wide scope of research.

关键词： SFSCC SCC Industrial waste materials Concrete pavement Pavement construction

Anemia in cirrhosis:An underestimated entity

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第3期10卷 777-789页

作者： Manish Manrai Saurabh Dawra Rajan kapoor sharad Srivastava Anupam Singh Department of Internal Medicine Armed Forces Medical CollegePune 411040India Department of Medicine and Gastroenterology Command HospitalPune 411040India Department of Medicine Command HospitalKolkata 70027India Department of Gastroenterology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India

Anemia in a patient with cirrhosis is a clinically pertinent but often overlooked clinical *** guidelines highlight the algorithmic approach of managing a patient of cirrhosis presenting with acute variceal hemorrhage but day-to-day management in hospital and out-patient raises multiple dilemmas:Whether anemia is a disease complication or a part of the disease spectrum?Should iron,folic acid,and vitamin B complex supplementation and nutritional advice,suffice in those who can perform tasks of daily living but have persistently low *** does one investigate and manage anemia due to multifactorial etiologies in the same patient:Acute or chronic blood loss because of portal hypertension and bone marrow aplasia secondary to hepatitis B or C viremia?To add to the clinician’s woes the prevalence of anemia increases with increasing disease *** thus aim to critically analyze the various pathophysiological mechanisms complicating anemia in a patient with cirrhosis with an emphasis on the diagnostic flowchart in such patients and proposed management protocols thereafter.

关键词： Anemia Cirrhosis Iron deficiency anemia Macrocytic anemia Normocytic anemia

Secure Rotation Invariant Face Detection System for Authentication

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 1955-1974页

作者： Amit Verma Mohammed Baljon Shailendra Mishra Iqbaldeep kaur Ritika Saini sharad Saxena Sanjay kumar Sharma Department of Computer Science&Engineering Chandigarh Group of CollegesMohali140317India Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer&Information ScienceMajmaah University11952Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering&TechnologyPatiala147004India Department of Computer Centre&Campus Network Facility Science Complex PO Central UniversityGachibowliHyderabad500046TelanganaIndia

Biometric applications widely use the face as a component for recognition and automatic *** rotation is a variable component and makes face detection a complex and challenging task with varied angles and *** problem has been investigated,and a novice algorithm,namely RIFDS(Rotation Invariant Face Detection System),has been *** objective of the paper is to implement a robust method for face detection taken at various *** to achieve better results than known algorithms for face *** RIFDS Polar Harmonic Transforms(PHT)technique is combined with Multi-Block Local Binary Pattern(MBLBP)in a hybrid *** MBLBP is used to extract texture patterns from the digital image,and the PHT is used to manage invariant rotation *** this manner,RIFDS can detect human faces at different rotations and with different facial *** RIFDS performance is validated on different face databases like LFW,ORL,CMU,MIT-CBCL,JAFFF Face Databases,and Lena *** results show that the RIFDS algorithm can detect faces at varying angles and at different image resolutions and with an accuracy of 99.9%.The RIFDS algorithm outperforms previous methods like Viola-Jones,Multi-blockLocal Binary Pattern(MBLBP),and Polar HarmonicTransforms(PHTs).The RIFDS approach has a further scope with a genetic algorithm to detect faces(approximation)even from shadows.

关键词： Pose variations face detection frontal faces facial expressions emotions

IoT-Based Women Safety Gadgets (WSG): Vision, Architecture, and Design Trends

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第7期76卷 1027-1045页

作者： sharad Saxena Shailendra Mishra Mohammed Baljon Shamiksha Mishra Sunil kumar Sharma Prakhar Goel Shubham Gupta Vinay kishore Department of Computer Science and Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and TechnologyPatialaPunjab147001India Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer&Information ScienceMajmaah UniversityMajmaah11952Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of TechnologyJamshedpur831001India

In recent years,the growth of female employees in the commercial market and industries has *** a result,some people think travelling to distant and isolated locations during odd hours generates new threats to women’s *** exponential increase in assaults and attacks on women,on the other hand,is posing a threat to women’s growth,development,and *** the time of the attack,it appears the women were immobilized and needed immediate *** self-defense isn’t sufficient against abuse;a new technological solution is desired and can be used as quickly as hitting a switch or *** proposed Women Safety Gadget(WSG)aims to design a wearable safety device model based on Internet-of-Things(IoT)and Cloud *** is designed in three layers,namely layer-1,having an android app;layer-2,with messaging and location tracking system;and layer-3,which updates information in the cloud *** can detect an unsafe condition by the pressure sensor of the finger on the artificial nail,consequently diffuses a pepper spray,and automatically notifies the saved closest contacts and police station through messaging and location *** has a response time of 1000 ms once the nail is pressed;the average time for pulse rate measure is 0.475 s,and diffusing the pepper spray is 0.2–0.5 *** average activation time is 2.079 s.

关键词： Perpetrator safety IoT women security GPS tracking GSM

Highlights from the literature on risk assessment techniques adopted in the mining industry:A review of past contributions,recent developments and future scope

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2016年第4期26卷 691-702页

作者： Verma Shikha Chaudhari sharad Department of Mechanical Engineering YCCE CollegeRTMNU Department of Mechanical Engineering YCCE College

In this paper a comprehensive review is presented of risk assessment techniques adopted in the mining industry worldwide;those techniques applied in other hazardous industries and potential techniques which are robust,mature and holistic and can be implemented for the Indian mining industry in future to enhance workplace safety are also *** from the review are indicative of the fact that socio-technical complexity of industrial systems has *** developments in the area of risk management highlight the need for implementation of the latest robust techniques of risk assessment in the mining *** consideration of the present scenario,the development of a model for risk analysis having an interface between hazard identification and risk assessment,along with an interface between risk assessment and accident causation to predict if an accident will occur under given conditions,has become dire *** will increase hazard awareness and enable mine management to select and prioritize problem areas and identify safety system weaknesses in both underground and surface *** will ultimately help decision makers,risk analysts and safety managers make a major contribution in the development of workplace safety with a near-to-zero accident rate.

关键词：社会技术风险评估采矿业文献综述风险分析模型危险行业安全管理人员工作场所

Hyperfine splitting and ferromagnetism in CdS:Mn nanoparticles for optoelectronic device applications

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Journal of Semiconductors 2023年第12期44卷 89-103页

作者： Madhavi sharad Darekar Praveen Beekanahalli Mokshanatha Department of Physics Institute of Engineering and TechnologySrinivas UniversityMukkaSurathkalMangalor-e574146KarnatakaIndia

Manganese(Mn)doped cadmium sulphide(Cd S)nanoparticles were synthesized using a chemical *** was possible to decrease Cd S:Mn particle size by increasing Mn *** techniques such as ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence(PL)spectroscopy were used to determine optical properties of Cd S:Mn *** quantization effect was observed in UV-Vis absorption *** efficiency for luminescence or the internal magnetic field strength was increased by doping Cd S nanoparticles with Mn *** emission was observed at wavelength~630 nm due to ^(4)T_1→^(6)A_1 *** Mn~(2+)ions arranged in tetrahedral coordination are mainly responsible for *** quenching and the effect of Mn doping on hyperfine interactions in the case of Cd S nanoparticles were also *** corresponding weight percentage of Mn element actually incorporated in doping process was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy(AAS).Crystallinity was checked and the average size of nanoparticles was estimated using the X-ray diffraction(XRD)*** S:Mn nanoparticles show ferromagnetism at room *** electron microscopy(TEM)images show spherical clusters of various sizes and selected area electron diffraction(SAED)patterns show the polycrystalline nature of the *** electronic states of diluted magnetic semiconductors(DMS)ofⅡ-Ⅵgroup Cd S nanoparticles give them great potential for applications due to quantum *** this study,experimental results and discussions on these aspects have been given.

关键词： synthesis characterization undoped CdS nanoparticles Mn-doped CdS nanoparticles non-aqueous chemical method

Field investigation of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))fluxes and organic carbon from a conserved paddy field of North-East India

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第4期5卷 325-334页

作者： Jayashree Dutta sharad Gokhale Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology GuwahatiGuwahati-781039India

This study investigates the effects of conserved tills on the fluxes of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and soil organic carbon(SOC)from a rain-fed-paddy plot in Assam(North-eastern state of India).Two paddy plots identical in soil properties,developed to cultivate rice(Sali,grown in low-lying areas of Assam),were adjacent to each other to follow a conventional agricultural practice in one and conservation in the *** chambers(1 m×0.6 m×0.4 m)were placed in both the plots to collect runoff for analyzing CO_(2) *** results of the both practices have been *** conservation plot,the SOC was high in the range from 3.17+0.01 kg m^(−2) to 20.42+0.56 kg m^(−2) and the CO_(2) emission was less,i.e.97.30+7.11 mg m^(−2) h^(-1) as compared to 189.65+4.37 mg m^(−2) h^(-1) of the conventional *** tillage practiced for the conservation plot facilitated higher porosity(50.11+8.40%to 88.87+3.59%)and greater water retention(47.47+1.15%to 101.37+1.63%)in the *** results indicate that more tillage exposed the soil to atmospheric oxygen more,which leads to excess mineralization of organic carbon and emissions of CO_(2) as in the conventional plot.

关键词： Paddy SOC CO_(2) Emission Tillage