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Uncertainty in Projection of Climate Extremes:A Comparison of CMIP5 and CMIP6

Journal of Meteorological Research 2021年第4期35卷 646-662页

作者： shaobo zhang Jie CHEN State Key Laboratory of Water Resources&Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan University299 Bayi RoadWuchang DistrictWuhan 430072 Hubei Provincial Key Lab of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072

Climate projections by global climate models(GCMs)are subject to considerable and multi-source *** study aims to compare the uncertainty in projection of precipitation and temperature extremes between Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP)phase 5(CMIP5)and phase 6(CMIP6),using 24 GCMs forced by 3 emission scenarios in each phase of *** this study,the total uncertainty(T)of climate projections is decomposed into the greenhouse gas emission scenario uncertainty(S,mean inter-scenario variance of the signals over all the models),GCM uncertainty(M,mean inter-model variance of signals over all emission scenarios),and internal climate variability uncertainty(V,variance in noises over all models,emission scenarios,and projection lead times);namely,T=S+M+*** results of analysis demonstrate that the magnitudes of S,M,and T present similarly increasing trends over the 21 st *** magnitudes of S,M,V,and T in CMIP6 are 0.94-0.96,1.38-2.07,1.04-1.69,and 1.20-1.93 times as high as those in *** CMIP5 and CMIP6 exhibit similar spatial variation patterns of uncertainties and similar ranks of contributions from different sources of *** uncertainty for precipitation is lower in midlatitudes and parts of the equatorial region,but higher in low latitudes and the polar *** uncertainty for temperature is higher over land areas than oceans,and higher in the Northern Hemisphere than the Southern *** precipitation,T is mainly determined by M and V in the early 21 st century,by M and S at the end of the 21 st century;and the turning point will appear in the 2070 *** temperature,T is dominated by M in the early 21 st century,and by S at the end of the 21 st century,with the turning point occuring in the 2060 *** relative contributions of S to T in CMIP6(12.5%-14.3%for precipitation and 31.6%-36.2%for temperature)are lower than those in CMIP5(15.1%-17.5%for precipitation and 38.6%-43.8%for temperature).By contrast,the re

关键词： climate projection uncertainty uncertainty contribution Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP)phase 5(CMIP5)and phase 6(CMIP6) extreme precipitation and temperature

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Perylenediimide chromophore as an efficient photothermal agent for cancer therapy

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Science Bulletin 2018年第2期63卷 101-107页

作者： shaobo zhang Jianhao Li Jie Wei Meizhen Yin State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology

Photothermal agents with improved bioavailabilities can generate heat from near-infrared light, which has been efficiently used for in vivo photothermal therapy （PTT） for cancer, with minimum tissue invasion. Strategies for developing organic near-infrared-absorbing molecules for phototfiermal cancer therapy have drawn intensive attention among academic investigators. However, conventional organic nearinfrared-absorbing molecules may not only have complex synthesis procedures, but also easily suffer from photobleaching under light irradiation. These drawbacks might lead to an increase in the synthesis cost, and elicit a risk of side effects in PTF. Thus, it is essential to devise an organic photothermal agent with stable phototbermal capacity, which involves a facile synthesis process. In this study, incorporating a secondary amine group （donor） in the bay regions of perylenediimides （PDls） could lead to a 150-nm bathochromic shift of the absorption maximum. Next, a modification of poly（ethylene glycol）（PEG） at the periphery of the chromophore renders the targeted macromolecule PDI-PEG highly water-soluble, and capable of intense absorption in the near-infrared region. The self-assembled PDl-based nanoparti- des （PDI-NPs） have a size of 55 nm in aqueous solutions. PDI-NPs with excellent photostability possess a high photothermal conversion efficiency of up to 43% ± 2%. Finally, PDI-NPs allow for efficient in vitro and in vivo photothermal cancer therapy. Meanwhile, PDI-NPs exhibit quite low cytotoxicity and no biotoxicity on major organs in vivo. Thus, these easily-manufactured PDI-NPs can serve as extremely stable photothermal agents for efficient photothermal cancer therapy.

关键词： Perylenediimides Photothermal therapy Photostability Biotoxicity

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UAV-supported intelligent truth discovery to achieve low-cost communications in mobile crowd sensing

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第4期10卷 837-852页

作者： Jing Bai Jinsong Gui Guosheng Huang shaobo zhang Anfeng Liu School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangSha410083China School of Information Science and Engineering Hunan First Normal UniversityChangsha410205China School of Computer Science and Engineering Hunan University of Science and TechnologyXiangTan411100China

Unmanned and aerial systems as interactors among different system components for communications,have opened up great opportunities for truth data discovery in Mobile Crowd Sensing(MCS)which has not been properly solved in the *** this paper,an Unmanned Aerial Vehicles-supported Intelligent Truth Discovery(UAV-ITD)scheme is proposed to obtain truth data at low-cost communications for *** main innovations of the UAV-ITD scheme are as follows:(1)UAV-ITD scheme takes the first step in employing UAV joint Deep Matrix Factorization(DMF)to discover truth data based on the trust mechanism for an Information Elicitation Without Verification(IEWV)problem in MCS.(2)This paper introduces a truth data discovery scheme for the first time that only needs to collect a part of n data samples to infer the data of the entire network with high accuracy,which saves more communication costs than most previous data collection schemes,where they collect n or kn data ***,we conducted extensive experiments to evaluate the UAV-ITD *** results show that compared with previous schemes,our scheme can reduce estimated truth error by 52.25%–96.09%,increase the accuracy of workers’trust evaluation by 0.68–61.82 times,and save recruitment costs by 24.08%–54.15%in truth data discovery.

关键词： Unmanned aerial systems Trust computing Truth discovery Deep matrix factorization Low-cost communications

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Promoting electroreduction of nitrite to ammonia over electron-deficient Pd modulated by rectifying Schottky contacts

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第11期98卷 524-530页

作者： shaobo zhang Yabo Guo Lu-Hua zhang Zhihao Feng Bo zhang Yaheng Wang Fengshou Yu School of Chemical Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300131China

Electrochemical nitrite reduction reaction(NO_(2)^(-)RR) is a potential sustainable route for regulating the nitrogen cycle and ambient ammonia(NH_(3)) ***,it remains a challenge to precisely regulate the reaction pathways and inhibit competing reactions(***) for efficient and selective NH_(3) production in an aqueous solution ***,we utilize the Schottky barrier-induced surface electric field to construct high-density electron-deficient Pd nanoparticles by modulating the N content in the carbon carrier to promote the enrichment and immobilization of NO_(2)^(-)on the electrode surface,which ensures the ultimate selectivity for NH_(3).With these properties,Pd@N_(0.14)C with the highest N content achieved excellent catalytic performance for the reduction of NO_(2)^(-)to NH_(3) with the 100% Faraday efficiency at-0.5 and-0.6 V vs,reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE) for NH_(3) production,which was significantly better than Pd/C and Pd@N_(x)C samples with lower N *** study opens new avenues for rational construction of efficient electrocatalysts for nitrite removal and NH_(3) electrosynthesis.

关键词： Electrocatalytic Nitrite reduction reaction Electronic structure Ammonia

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Grain oriented growth and properties of ultra-high temperature CaBi_2Nb_2O_9 piezoelectric ceramics

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Science China Chemistry 2011年第10期54卷 1552-1557页

作者： TIAN XiaoXia QU shaobo WANG BinKe zhang WuSen ZHAO JianFeng College of Science Air Force Engineering University Xi'an 710051 China

CaBi2Nb2O9 (CBNO) ceramics was prepared at 1050℃ using regular flake-like CBNO powders as the precursor, and synthe-sized by the molten salts synthesis method. The tropism degree and microstructure of the ceramics were analyzed, and the die-lectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties were characterized. Compared with conventional methods, the properties of CBNO ceramics by the new preparation method were found to be better. As the sinter temperature decreases, the grain growth becomes regular with textured features. The polarization process becomes easy to be realized at room temperature. Moreover, the dielectric loss decreases and the piezoelectric constant increases significantly.

关键词： CaBi2Nb2O9 ultra-high temperature grain oriented growth performance

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Using eye tracking to evaluate the usability of animated maps

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Science China Earth Sciences 2014年第3期57卷 512-522页

作者： DONG WeiHua LIAO Hua XU Fang LIU Zhao zhang shaobo State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities & School of Geography and Remote Sensing Science Beijing Normal University

Cartographic animation has been developed and widely used in geo-visualisation and many other areas in recent *** usability of animated maps is a key characteristic affecting map users’effectiveness and efficiency in accomplishing *** this paper,an eye tracking approach was proposed as a visual analytics method to evaluate the usability of animated maps by capturing participants’eye movement data and quantitatively analysing the accuracy(effectiveness)and response time(efficiency)of users’task *** the study,a set of animated traffic maps represented by three important visual variables(colour hue,size and frequency)was used for the usability *** experimental results showed that the usability of these three visual variables for cartographic animation affects the usability of animated ***,yellow,and aqua were found to convey map information more effectively than other colour *** was found to be more usable than colour hues for both animated maps and static *** was not found to be proportional to the playback rate of animated ***,the usability of the frequency,colour hue,and size was found to be related to the display’s *** hope that the analysis approach presented in this paper and the results of this study will be of help in the design of cartographic animation displays with better usability.

关键词： usability eye tracking approach animated maps visual variables

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Effect of Strontium Addition to Platinum Catalyst for Propane Dehydrogenation

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China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology 2012年第3期14卷 75-82页

作者： Huang Li Zhou Shijian Zhou Yuming zhang Yiwei zhang shaobo Xu Jun School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing Wolaide Energy Technology Co. LTD

PtSnSr/HZSM-5 catalysts with different amounts of strontium were prepared by sequential impregnation method, and characterized by BET analysis, TEM, NH3-TPD, Hz-TPR, TPO and TG techniques. The results showed that the addition of strontium could modify the characteristics and properties of both acid function and metal function of Pt-Sn-based cata- lysts. In this case, PtSnSr/HZSM-5 catalyst with an appropriate amount of Sr （1.2%） showed higher catalytic activity and lower amount of coke deposits than PtSn/HZSM-5 catalyst. However, excessive loading of Sr could facilitate the reduction of Sn, which was unfavorable to the reaction. Afterwards, 1.0 m% of Na was added into the PtSnSr（1.2%）/HZSM-5 catalyst to improve the catalytic performance in propane dehydrogenation, and this catalyst displayed the best catalytic performance during our experiments. After having been subjected to reaction for 5 h, the PtSnNa（1.0%）Sr（1,2%）/HZSM-5 catalyst had achieved a higher than 95% selectivity towards propene along with a corresponding propane conversion rate of 32.2%.

关键词： strontium propane dehydrogenation propene HZSM-5.

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A cultivated area forecasting approach in artificial oases under climate change and human activities

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第3期11卷 400-418页

作者： zhang shaobo CHEN Fulong CHEN Jie WANG Jing LI Shaofei LONG Aihua School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430081China College of Water Conservancy&Architectural Engineering Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832000China Department of Hydraulic Engineering Tianjin Agricultural UniversityTianjin 300384China State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower ResearchBeijing 10003&China

The cultivated area in artificial oases is deeply influenced by global climate change and human ***,forecasting cultivated area in artificial oases under climate change and human activities is of great *** this study,an approach named GD-HM-PSWROAM,consisting of general circulation model downscaling(GD),hydrological model(HM),and planting structure and water resource optimal allocation model(PSWROAM),was developed and applied in the irrigation district of the Manas River Basin in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China to forecast the cultivated area ***,the catchment export of the MIKE11 HD/NAM model was set to the Kensiwate hydrological *** results show that the downscaling effects of temperature can be fairly satisfying,while those of precipitation may be not satisfying but *** capacity of the MIKE11 HD/NAM model on the discharge in the Kensiwate hydrological station can meet the requirements of running the *** accuracy of the PSWROAM indicated that this model can perform well in predicting the change of cultivated area at the decadal *** cultivated area in the Manas River Basin under current human activities may be generally decreasing due to the climate *** the adverse effects of climate change can be weakened or even eliminated through positive human *** cultivated area in the Manas River Basin may even be increasing under assumed human activities and future climate *** effects of human activities in the future can be generally predicted and quantified according to the cultivated area trends under current human activities and the situations in the study ***,it is rational and acceptable to forecast the cultivated area tendency in artificial oases under future climate change and human activities through the GD-HM-PSWROAM approach.

关键词： GCM downscaling hydrological model cultivated area climate change human activities Manas River Basin

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Simulation assessment and prediction of future temperatures in Northwest China from BCC-CSM Model

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2022年第2期14卷 138-150页

作者： YuFei Pei MinHong Song XiaoLing Ma TongWen Wu shaobo zhang School of Atmospheric Science Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengduSichuan 610225China National Climate Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

Three deterministic prediction evaluation methods,including the standard deviation,root-mean-square error,and time correlation coefficient,and three extreme temperature indices were used to assess the performance of the BCC_CSM2_MR model from CMIP6 in simulating the climate of Northwest China based on monthly grid air temperature data from ground *** model performance was evaluated using the daily mean temperature,daily minimum temperature,and daily maximum temperature from 1961 to 2014 and future temperature changes in Northwest China under different radiative forcing *** BCC_CSM2_MR model reproduces well the seasonal changes,spatial distribution,and other characteristics of the daily mean temperature in Northwest China,especially in the Tarim Basin,the Kunlun and Qilian mountains,and *** is still some deviation in the simulation of the daily mean temperature in the high terrains of the Tianshan,Kunlun,and Altai *** model better simulates the daily minimum temperature than the daily maximum *** simulation error is smallest in summer,followed by autumn and winter,and largest in *** terms of extreme temperature indices,the deviations are smaller for cold nights,warm nights,and the annual maximum daily minimum ***,the model can capture the increase in warm events and the decrease in cold *** different forcing scenarios,there is a general warming trend in Northwest China,with the greatest warming in Xinjiang.

关键词： Northwest China BCC_CSM2_MR extreme temperature index

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Human Soluble TRAIL Protein Inducing Apoptosis in Osteosarcoma Cell

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2007年第6期12卷 1148-1152页

作者： ZHU shaobo YU Aixi zhang Zhongning WU Gang Zhongnan Hospital Wuhan University Wuhan 430071Hubei China

This study is to examine the effect of human recombinant soluble TRAIL （TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand） protein inducing apoptosis in MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells. The inhibitive rates of TRAIL to MG-63 cells were detected by MTT assay. The apoptosis induced by TRAIL in MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells was analyzed with FACS and TUNEL and the apoptotic bodies were observed by transmission electron microscope. MTT assay showed that the inhibitive rates of 500, 1 000, 2 000 and 4 000 ng/mL TRAIL for 24 h were 10.1%, 24.3%, 50.6% and 97.7% respectively. Flow cytometric analysis showed that after MG-63 cells were treated with 2 gg/mL TRAIL for 6 h, obvious apoptotic peak would immediately appear before diploid peak. Human soluble TRAIL protein can quickly kill MG-63 osteosarcoma cells selectively, and may have potential value for clinical treatment of osteosarcoma.

关键词： TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) osteosarcoma cell line apoptosis

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