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Facile fabrication of TiO_2 nanoparticle–TiO_2 nanofiber composites by co-electrospinning–electrospraying for dye-sensitized solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2015年第6期24卷 762-769页

作者： G.S.Anjusree T.G.Deepak shantikumar v nair A.Sreekumaran nair Nanosolar Division Amrita Centre for Nanosciences & Molecular MedicineAmrita Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS)Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham UniversityAIMS PO

We report a facile method for the fabrication of TiO2 nanofiber-nanoparticle composite （FP） via. simulta- neous electrospraying and electrospinning for dye-sensitized solar cell （DSC） applications. The loading of nanoparticles on the fibers is controlled by varying their feed rates during electrospinning. The FP composites having three different particle loading are prepared by the methodology and the FP with the highest particle loading （denoted as FP-3 in the manuscript） showed the best overall efficiency of 9.15% in comparison to the other compositions of the FP （FP-2, 8.15% and FP-1, Z51%, respectively） and nanofibers （F） and nanoparticles （P） separately （7.21 and 7.81, respectively）. All the material systems are characterized by spec- troscopy, microscopy, surface area measurements and the devices are characterized by current-voltage （I-v）, incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency （IPCE）, electrochemical impedance measurements, etc. I-v, dye-loading and reflectance measurements throw light on the overall performance of the DSC devices.

关键词： TiO2 nanofiber-nanoparticle composites Co-electrospraying-electrospinning Dye-sensitized solar cell Current-voltage measurements

Synergetic influence of ex-situ camphoric carbon nano-grafting on lithium titanates for lithium ion capacitors

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2015年第3期24卷 337-345页

作者： Amruthalakshmi vijayakumar Ranjusha Rajagopalan Anoop S.Sushamakumariamma Jickson Joseph Amrutha Ajay shantikumar v nair Deepak Krishna M.S Avinash Balakrishnan Nanosolar Division Amrita Center for Nanosciences Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials (ISEM) University of Wollongong

The present study provides detailed experimental results on the synthesis and characterization of carbonized lithium titanate spinel（LTO） composites as electrode materials for lithium ion *** LTO particles were grafted with a porous carbon layer obtained from the pyrolysis of *** graphitic nature of the carbon was confirmed through Raman *** relative contributions from the capacitive and diffusion controlled processes underlying these electrodes were mathematically *** transport mechanism underlying these electrodes was determined by measuring the work functions（φ） of LTO and carbon grafted LTO using ultraviolet photoelectron *** carbon grafted LTO composites exhibited an energy density of 330 m Wh L-1and a peak power density of 2.8 k W L-1,when employed as electrodes in coin cells with excellent cycling stability at the end of 4000 cycles.

关键词： functional composites capacitors electrical properties lithium ion energy storage

Photoanode Activity of ZnO Nanotube Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2011年第11期27卷 961-966页

作者： R. Ranjusha P. Lekha K.R.v. Subramanian v. nair shantikumar A. Balakrishnan Nano Solar Division Amrita Center for Nanosciences

vertical ZnO nanotube （ZNT） arrays were synthesized onto an indium doped tin oxide （ITO） glass substrate by a simple electrochemical deposition technique followed by a selective etching process. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） showed formation of well-faceted hexagonal ZNT arrays spreading uniformly over a large area. X-ray diffraction （XRD） of ZNT layer showed substantially higher intensity for the （0002） diffraction peak, indicating that the ZnO crystallites were well aligned with their c-axis. Profilometer measurements of the ZNT layer showed an average thickness of -7 μm. Diameter size distribution （DSD） analysis showed that ZNTs exhibited a narrow diameter size distribution in the range of 65-120 nm and centered at -75 nm. The photoluminescence （PL） spectrum measurement showed violet and blue luminescence peaks that were centered at 410 and 480 nm, respectively, indicating the presence of internal defects. Ultra-violet （Uv） spectroscopy showed major absorbance peak at ,-348 nm, exhibiting an increase in energy gap value of 3.4 ev. By employing the formed ZNTs as the photo-anode for a dye-sensitized solar cell （DSSC）, a full-sun conversion efficiency of 1.01% was achieved with a fill factor of 54%. Quantum efficiency studies showed the maximum of incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency in a visible region located at 590-550 nm range.

关键词： ZnO nanotubes Indium doped tin oxide (ITO) glass Photoluminescence spectra Electrochemical deposition Quantum efficiency

Influence of quenching medium on the dendrite morphology,hardness,and tribological behaviour of cast Cu-Ni-Sn spinodal alloy for defence application

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第12期30卷 83-100页

作者： Bipin Sankar Karthik v Shankar vamu Sunil Hemanth Kashyap S Nikhil nair Adarsh A.nair Abhinav P M Department of Mechanical Engineering Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethamAmritapuriIndia

Cu-Ni-Sn spinodal alloys(Spinodal bronze)are potential materials with robust applications in components associated with defence applications like bearings,propellers,bushes,and shafts of heavily loaded aircraft,off-road vehicles,and *** paper presents a comparative study using water,Brine solution,and SAE 40 oil as the quenching media in regular bronze(Cu-6Sn)and spinodal bronze(Cu-9Ni-6Sn)*** analysis was conducted by optical microscopy,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray diffraction technique(XRD)on bronze and spinodal bronze samples immersed in the three different quenching media to understand the grain size and hardness values *** analysis was performed to analyze the effect of quenching media on the wear aspects of bronze and spinodal bronze *** hardness value of the brine-aged spinodal bronze samples was as high as 320 Hv,and the grain size was very low in the range of 60μm.A quantitative comparison between brine-aged regular bronze and brine-aged spinodal bronze showed that the hardness(Hv)was almost 80%higher for brine-aged spinodal ***,the grain size was approximately 30%finer for spinodal bronze when compared with regular *** the load was increased in spinodal bronze samples,there was an initial dip in wear rate followed by a marginal *** was a steady increase in friction coefficient with a rise in load for brine-aged regular bronze and spinodal bronze *** results indicate that brine solution is the most effective quenching medium for cast Cu-Ni-Sn spinodal alloys.

关键词： Quenching Water Brine SAE 40 oil Grain size Hardness Wear rate Spinodal decomposition CuSn Spinodal alloy CuNiSn

Targeting LIF/LIFR signaling in cancer

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第4期9卷 973-980页

作者： Suryavathi viswanadhapalli Kalarickal v.Dileep Kam Y.J.Zhang Hareesh B.nair Ratna K.vadlamudi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78229USA Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Center for Biosystems Dynamics ResearchRIKENYokohamaKanagawa 230-0045Japan Evestra Inc.San AntonioTX 78245USA Mays Cancer Center University of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78229USA

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and its receptor (LIFR), are commonly over-expressed in many solid cancers and recent studies have implicated LIF/LIFR axis as a promising clinical target for cancer therapy. LIF/LIFR activate oncogenic signaling pathways including JAK/STAT3 as immediate effectors and MAPK, AKT, mTOR further downstream. LIF/LIFR signaling plays a key role in tumor growth, progression, metastasis, stemness and therapy resistance. Many solid cancers show overexpression of LIF and autocrine stimulation of the LIF/LIFR axis;these are associated with a poorer relapse-free survival. LIF/LIFR signaling also plays a role in modulating multiple immune cell types present in tumor micro environment (TME). Recently, two targeted agents that target LIF (humanized anti-LIF antibody, MSC-1) and LIFR inhibitor (EC359) were under development. Both agents showed effectivity in preclinical models and clinical trials using MSC-1 antibody are in progress. This article reviews the significance of LIF/LIFR pathways and inhibitors that disrupt this process for the treatment of cancer.

关键词： LIF LIFR LIFR inhibitor STAT3 Targeted therapy

Reconfigurable control as actuator fault-tolerant control design for power oscillation damping

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2020年第1期5卷 70-81页

作者： Digvijay v.nair MSR Murty Faculty of Science&Technology IFHE HYDERABADShankerpally Road501203 HyderabadIndia Dept.of EEE CMR College of Engineering&TechnologyMedchal Road501401 HyderabadIndia

This paper presents design of an self contained actuators unit in wide area damping control of power system in stabilizing system response for both nominal system condition and during actuator *** it is presented that use of multiple actuators in wide area control aid in improving damping in power system.A wide area damping controller feeding multiple actuators to satisfy multiple objectives in wide area damping control of power system is *** of infinity norm of closed loop transfer function of power system with wide area controller in feedback path&closed loop poles placement techniques are used in controller *** a reconfigurable control on the lines of fault hiding principle is added to the controller design to maintain system damping to pre-fault level in case of actuator faults.A reconfiguration component(RC)is activated on occurrence of actuator fault thereby reconfiguring system dynamics and redistributing wide area control signal among remaining active *** together with remaining active actuators and under same wide area damping controller maintains system damping to pre-fault level thereby preserving system dynamic *** the reconfigurable control design presented here no new actuators outside the unit of actuators designed for wide area damping control is *** makes for an self contained actuators unit in wide area damping control of power system both for nominal system condition and for system affected by actuator faults.A two area power system model is considered here for demonstrating effectiveness of designed robust damping controller with multiple outputs feeding multiple actuators in wide area control and illustrating the idea of self contained actuators unit for maintaining system damping in case of actuator faults.

关键词： Wide area control Robust damping controller Actuator fault Reconfigurable control Reconfiguration component Self contained actuators unit Power oscillations

Hybrid approach for loss recovery mechanism in OBS networks

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Chinese Optics Letters 2014年第4期12卷 21-25页

作者： Ramesh P.G.v. Prita nair Anna University Department of Electronics and Communication St. Joseph's College of Engineering Optical Research and Networks Lab Department of Physics SSN College of Engineering

This letter reports a study of a hybrid burst assembly and a hybrid burst loss recovery scheme （delay-based burst assembly and hybrid loss recovery （DBAHLR）） which selectively employs proactive or reactive loss recovery techniques depending on the classification of traffic into short term and long term, respectively. Traffic prediction and segregation of optical burst switching network flows into the long term and short term are conducted based on predicted link holding times using the hidden Markov model （HMM）. The hybrid burst assembly implemented in DBAHLR uses a consecutive average-based burst assembly to handle jitter reduction necessary in real-time applications, with variations in burst sizes due to the non-monotonic nature of the average delay handled by additional burst length thresholding. This dynamic hybrid approach based on HMM prediction provides overall a lower blocking probability and delay and more throughput when compared with forward segment redundancy mechanism or purely HMM prediction-based adaptive burst sizing and wavelength allocation （HMM-TP）.

关键词： OBS over Hybrid approach for loss recovery mechanism in OBS networks HMM FSR

Synthesis,optimization and characterization of biochar based catalyst from sawdust for simultaneous esterification and transesterification

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第12期26卷 2654-2663页

作者： Suchith Chellappan vaishakh nair Sajith v. Aparna K. Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyCalicut India Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences School of Nano Science and Technology National Institute of Technology

The development of a benign environmental catalyst for the generation of biodiesel is an area of importance to reduce the overall usage of fossil fuels. In the current work, biochar was produced by slow pyrolysis of Irul wood sawdust. The optimization for biochar generation was carried out for different reaction temperatures and heating durations. The biochar was used to prepare solid acid catalysts by sulfonation process. The characterization of biochar and the sulfonated catalyst were carried out using Elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), Powder X-ray Diffraction(XRD), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis(TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM) and Surface area analyzer(BET). The characterization results showed that sulfonation of biochar resulted in biochar based solid acid catalyst containing various functional acidic groups like weak acidic\\OH groups, strong acidic\\COOH and SO3 H groups. The total acid density and sulfonic acid group density of catalyst were estimated and showed excellent acidic sites concentration which gives a good catalytic activity for biodiesel production through simultaneous esterification and transesterification. The enhanced catalytic activity is due to the high acid density of SO3 H groups and the reactant accessibility towards acidic sites as well as the strong affinity between the hydrophilic reactants and the neutral OH groups which are bonded with the polycyclic aromatic carbon rings. The performance of biochar catalyst for the production of biodiesel was evaluated by comparing the yield obtained. The FTIR and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy(GC–MS) were also carried out for the analysis of biodiesel produced.

关键词： Biochar Biochar based catalyst Pyrolysis Biomass Sulfonation

Water entry and exit of axisymmetric bodies by CFD approach

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2018年第2期3卷 156-174页

作者： vinod v.nair S.K.Bhattacharyya Department of Ocean Engineering Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai 600036India

The water impact and subsequent entry of three rigid axisymmetric bodies,a sphere and two cones,in the early phase are simulated using CFD utilizing a vOF scheme to track the free surface and the results compared with the recent experimental results available in the *** penetration depth,vertical velocity and vertical acceleration time histories have been reproduced well by CFD with a wide choice of mesh density,whereas the peak pressure on impact required a much finer mesh and appropriate choice of the time *** an interaction region around the trajectory of the body with fine mesh and an adaptive time stepping strategy has worked well to capture the peak impact pressure accurately with reasonable computational ***‘full’motion of the sphere,which is buoyant,has also been simulated using CFD allowing its 6-dof motion for several cycles of entry and exit *** features of the behavior,especially the loss of symmetry of the trajectory,are discussed.

关键词： CFD Cone Sphere Water entry Water impact