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Heat transfer attributes of Al_(2)O_(3)-Fe_(3)O_(4)/H_(2)O hybrid nanofluid flow over a yawed cylinder

Propulsion and Power Research 2022年第3期11卷 416-429页

作者： P.M.Patil H.F.shankar Department of Mathematics KLE Technological UniversityB V Bhoomaraddi CampusVidyanagarHubballi-580031India Department of Mathematics Karnatak UniversityPavate NagarDharawad-580003India

Flow over yawed and unyawed blunt bodies often occurs in various engineeringapplications. The fluid flow over a yawed cylinder explains the practical significance of subseaapplications such as transference control, separating the boundary layer above submergedblocks, and suppressing recirculating bubbles. The current study uses viscous dissipation toanalyze the mixed convective hybrid nanofluid flow around a yawed cylinder. Unlike the stan-dard nanofluid model, which only considers one type of nanoparticle, this work considers thehybridization of two types of nanoparticles: alumina (Al_(2)O_(3)) and magnetite (Fe_(3)O_(4)). A modelwas developed to investigate the heat transport behaviour of a hybrid nanofluid while account-ing for the solid volume fraction. The flow problem is modelled in terms of highly nonlinearpartial differential equations (NPDEs) subject to the appropriate boundary conditions. Thenappropriate non-similar transformations were used to non-dimensionalize the governing equa-tions. Furthermore, the non-dimensional governing equations were solved using the finite dif-ference method (FDM) and the quasilinearisation technique. The effects of water andnanoparticle concentrations on the velocity and the temperature patterns were illustrated graph-ically. The hybrid nanofluid reduces the velocity distribution in the spanwise and chordwise di-rections while increasing the surface drag coefficient. The hybrid nanofluid’s fluid temperatureand energy transport strength was higher than the base fluid and nanofluid. Also, the temper-ature of the fluid rises as the energy transfer strength diminishes due to an increase in the Eckert number, which characterizes viscous dissipation. However, when the yaw angle increases in thechordwise and spanwise directions, so does the fluid’s velocity. The new outcomes werecompared to previously published research and were in good agreement.

关键词： Yawed cylinder Mixed convection Hybrid nanofluid Eckert number Finite difference method

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An IoT-Cloud Based Intelligent Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy Stage Classification Using Deep Learning Approach

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第2期66卷 1665-1680页

作者： K.shankar Eswaran Perumal Mohamed Elhoseny Phong Thanh Nguyen Department of Computer Applications Alagappa UniversityKaraikudi630001India Faculty of Computers and Information Mansoura UniversityMansoura35516Egypt Department of Project Management Ho Chi Minh City Open UniversityHo Chi Minh City7000000Vietnam

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a disease with an increasing prevalence and the major reason for blindness among working-age *** possibility of severe vision loss can be extensively reduced by timely diagnosis and *** automated screening for DR has been identified as an effective method for early DR detection,which can decrease the workload associated to manual grading as well as save diagnosis costs and *** studies have been carried out to develop automated detection and classification models for *** paper presents a new IoT and cloud-based deep learning for healthcare diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy(DR).The proposed model incorporates different processes namely data collection,preprocessing,segmentation,feature extraction and *** first,the IoT-based data collection process takes place where the patient wears a head mounted camera to capture the retinal fundus image and send to cloud ***,the contrast level of the input DR image gets increased in the preprocessing stage using Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization(CLAHE)***,the preprocessed image is segmented using Adaptive Spatial Kernel distance measure-based Fuzzy C-Means clustering(ASKFCM)***,deep Convolution Neural Network(CNN)based Inception v4 model is applied as a feature extractor and the resulting feature vectors undergo classification in line with the Gaussian Naive Bayes(GNB)*** proposed model was tested using a benchmark DR MESSIDOR image dataset and the obtained results showcased superior performance of the proposed model over other such models compared in the study.

关键词： Deep learning classification GaussianNaive Bayes feature extraction diabetic retinopathy

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Adaptive Sub-Threshold Voltage Level Control for Voltage Deviate-Domino Circuits

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第2期35卷 1767-1781页

作者： C.Arun Prasath C.Gowri shankar Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Mahendra Engineering CollegeNamakkal637503India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering KSR College of EngineeringTiruchengode637215India

Leakage power and propagation delay are two signiﬁcant issues found in sub-micron technology-based Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor(CMOS)-based Very Large-Scale Integration(VLSI)circuit *** Channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor(PMOS)has been replaced by Negative Channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor(NMOS)in recent years,with low dimen-sion-switching changes in order to shape the mirror of voltage *** is used to reduce stacking leakage as well as total *** Logic Cir-cuit is a powerful and versatile digital programmer that gained popularity in recent *** this study regarding Adaptive Sub Threshold Voltage Level Control Pro-blem,the researchers intend to solve the contention issues,reduce power dissipa-tion,and increase the noise immunity by proposing Adaptive Sub Threshold Voltage Level Control(ASVLC)-based domino *** efﬁciency and effec-tiveness of the domino circuit are demonstrated through simulation *** suggested system makes use of high-speed broad fan-gate circuits,occupies mini-mum space,and consumes meagre amount of *** proposed circuit was validated in Cadence simulation tool at a supply voltage of 1V,frequency of 100 MHz,and an operating temperature of 27°C with 64 input OR *** per the simulation results,the suggested Domino Gate reduced the power dissipa-tion by 17.58 percent and improved the noise immunity by 1.21 times in compar-ison with standard domino logic circuits.

关键词： Domino logic power consumption ﬁgure of merit adaptive sub-threshold voltage level wide fan-in gates

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Investigations on tribo-mechanical behaviour of Al-Si10-Mg/sugarcane bagasse ash/SiC hybrid composites

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China Foundry 2019年第4期16卷 277-284页

作者： shankar Subramanian Balaji Arunachalam Kawin Nallasivam Alokesh Pramanik Department of Mechatronics Engineering Kongu Engineering College Erode - 638060 TamilNadu India Department of Mechanical Engineering Kongu Engineering College Erode - 638060 TamilNadu India School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering Curtin University Bentley WA Australia

The effect of mechanical and tribological behaviour of aluminium alloy(Al-Si10-Mg) with sugarcane bagasse ash and silicon carbide reinforced metal matrix composites were investigated. Al-Si10-Mg alloy reinforced with 9 wt.% of treated sugarcane bagasse ash particles of size(< 75 μm) and 0 wt.%, 3 wt.%, 6 wt.% and 9 wt.% of silicon carbide particles of size(< 25 μm) were fabricated using the stir casting method. Morphological analysis was done using scanning electron microscopy to access the distribution of reinforcement particles in the matrix alloy. Tensile, hardness, and impact strengths were increased with an increase in weight fraction of SiC reinforcement particles in the aluminium alloy, while the ductility was decreased. Pin-on-disc dry sliding wear test was carried out with 10, 20 and 30 N loads with a sliding speed of 10 m·s-1 for a constant time period of 20 min to predict the wear behaviour of the developed composites. Worn surfaces of the wear-tested specimens and fracture morphology structure of the tensile-tested specimens were analysed. Results show that the composites reinforced with sugarcane bagasse ash and silicon carbide particles exhibit superior wear resistance.

关键词： aluminium alloy sugarcane bagasse ash silicon carbide mechanical properties wear fracture morphology

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Microbial cells as biological factory for nanoparticle synthesis

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2021年第2期15卷 177-191页

作者： Bhabani shankar DAS Ankita DAS Abhisek MISHRA Manoranjan ARAKHA Centre for Biotechnology School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSiksha'O'Anusandhan(Deemed to be University)Bhubaneswar 751003OdishaIndia Symbiosis Institute of Health Sciences(SIHS) Symbiosis International(Deemed University)PuneMaharashtraIndia Biological E Limited ShameerpetHyderabadIndia

In present scenario,nanoscience and nanotechnology have drawn the attention of scientist and researchers as leading source of technology with a wide range of useful applications like pharmaceuticals,electronics,biotechnology,biomedicine,wastewater treatment,space technology,industries and medical sciences[1].The physico-chemical characteristics of nanomaterial could make them an ideal material for various *** this revolutionary effect,Norio Taniguchi,a famous scientist in 1974 coined the term‘nanotechnology’[2].

关键词： nanotechnology synthesis wastewater

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Potential groundwater recharge zones within New Zealand

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 1065-1072页

作者： Shailesh Kumar Singh Malte Zeddies Ude shankar George A.Griffiths National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research

Water resources in New Zealand are not evenly distributed across the country which makes it difficult to adequately allocate the use of water resources in every basin. Groundwater is a fundamental water resource in New Zealand for agricultural, industrial and domestic use. Detailed knowledge regarding groundwater recharge potential is a pre-requisite for sustainable groundwater management, including the assessment of its vulnerability to contamination by pollutants. In this study, a comprehensive GIS approach was used to map the potential groundwater recharge zones across New Zealand. National data sets of lithology, slope, aspect, land use, soil drainage and drainage density were converted to raster data sets with a spatial resolution of 500 m x 500 m and superimposed to derive groundwater potential zones. The resultant maps demonstrate that the potential is low in urban and mountainous areas, such as the Southern Alps, whereas the highest potential can be found in regions with large lakes and in the lower elevation plains areas, where Quaternary sediments prevail. The resulting maps can be used to identify areas of high nutrient leaching in zones where high groundwater recharge potential exists.

关键词： GIS Potential groundwater recharge map New Zealand

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Weakly nonlinear stability analysis of triple diffusive convection in a Maxwell fluid saturated porous layer

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2018年第2期39卷 153-168页

作者： K.R.RAGHUNATHA I.S.SHIVAKUMARA B.M.shankar Department of Mathematics Bangalore University Department of Mathematics PES University

The weakly nonlinear stability of the triple diffusive convection in a Maxwell fluid saturated porous layer is investigated. In some cases, disconnected oscillatory neutral curves ave found to exist, indicating that three critical thermal Darcy-Rayleigh numbers are required to specify the linear instability criteria. However, another distinguishing feature predicted from that of Newtonian fluids is the impossibility of quasi-periodic bifurcation from the rest state. Besides, the co-dimensional two bifurcation points are located in the Darcy-Prandtl number and the stress relaxation parameter plane. It is observed that the value of the stress relaxation parameter defining the crossover between stationary and oscillatory bifurcations decreases when the Darcy-Prandtl number increases. A cubic Landau equation is derived based on the weakly nonlinear stability analysis. It is found that the bifurcating oscillatory solution is either supercritical or subcritical, depending on the choice of the physical parameters. Heat and mass transfers are estimated in terms of time and area-averaged Nusselt numbers.

关键词： Maxwell fluid triple diffusive convection nonlinea~ stability bifurcation,heat and mass transfer

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Enhanced recovery after surgery protocol enhances early postoperative recovery after pancreaticoduodenectomy

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2019年第2期18卷 188-193页

作者： Ramasamy Mahendran Mallika Tewari Vinod Kumar Dixit Hari shankar Shukla Department of Surgical Oncology Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University Department of Gastroenterology Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University

Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS) protocol is a multimodal, multidisciplinary and evidence-based approach to reduce surgical stress and enhance recovery in the postoperative period. This study aimed to analyze the outcome of ERAS protocol in patients after pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD). Methods: A total of 50 consecutive patients with pancreatic/periampullary cancer who underwent PD between January 2016 to August 2017 were included in the study. As per the institute ERAS protocol, nasogastric tube(NGT) was removed on postoperative day(POD) 1 if output was less than 200 mL and oral sips were allowed; oral liquids were allowed on POD2; semisolid diet by POD3; abdominal drain was removed on POD 4 if output was less than 100 mL with no evidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF); normal diet was allowed on POD5. Discharge criteria on POD6 were afebrile, tolerating oral normal diet, pain free and no surgery related complications(defined as per the ISGPS definitions). Results: NGT was removed on POD1 in 45(90%) patients, abdominal drain removed by POD4 in 41(82%) and 43(86%) patients were discharged on POD6. There was no 30-day postoperative mortality. Three(6%) patients had delayed gastric emptying(DGE). None had postoperative hemorrhage and POPF. Readmission rate was 8%. A significant relation was found between the length of hospital stay(LOS) with age( P < 0.05) and a marginal relation between LOS and postoperative albumin( P = 0.05). Conclusions: ERAS protocol can be safely followed in the perioperative care of patients who undergo PD. Early removal of NGT and allowing oral diet restore bowel function early. ERAS decreases the LOS and postoperative complications.

关键词： Enhanced recovery protocol Pancreatic cancer Periampullary cancer Pancreaticoduodenectomy Early discharge

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Damage modeling of ballistic penetration and impact behavior of concrete panel under low and high velocities

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第1期17卷 202-211页

作者： Chahmi Oucif J.S.Kalyana Rama K.shankar Ram Farid Abed Institute of Structural Mechanics(ISM) Bauhaus-Universitat WeimarMarienstraße 15D-99423WeimarGermany Department of Civil Engineering BITS Pilani-Hyderabad CampusHyderabad500072India Department of Civil Engineering Vignana Bharathi Institute of TechnologyHyderabad501301India Department of Civil Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCAUnited States Department of Civil Engineering American University of SharjahP.O.Box 26666United Arab Emirates

This work presents a numerical simulation of ballistic penetration and high velocity impact behavior of plain and reinforced concrete *** paper is divided into two *** first part consists of numerical modeling of reinforced concrete panel penetrated with a spherical projectile using concrete damage plasticity(CDP)model,while the second part focuses on the comparison of CDP model and Johnson-Holmquist-2(JH-2)damage model and their ability to describe the behavior of concrete panel under impact *** first and second concrete panels have dimensions of 1500 mm1500 mm150 mm and 675 mm675 mm200 mm,respectively,and are meshed using 8-node hexahedron solid *** impact object used in the first part is a spherical projectile of 150 mm diameter,while in the second part steel projectile of a length of 152 mm is modeled as rigid *** and scabbing characteristics are studied in the first *** the second part,the comparison results are presented as damage contours,kinetic energy of projectile and internal energy of the *** results revealed a severe fracture of the panel and high kinetic energy of the projectile using CDP model comparing to the JH-2 *** addition,the internal energy of concrete using CDP model was found to be less comparing to the JH-2 model.

关键词： Johnson-Holmquist-2 Concrete damage plasticity Concrete panel Damage Impact loads

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Patterns of species dominance, diversity and dispersion in ‘Khasi hill sal' forest ecosystem in northeast India

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Forest Ecosystems 2014年第4期1卷 227-246页

作者： Amit Kumar Tripathi Uma shankar Department of Botany North-Eastern Hill University

Background： The ＇Khasi hill sal＇ forest ecosystem in Meghalaya, India represents the easternmost limit of sal distribution. We tested if tree diversity and compositional heterogeneity of this ecosystem was higher than other sal-dominated forests due to moister environment. Methods： Vegetation was sampled in 11 transects of 10 m width and up to 500 m length covering 5.2 ha area. All stems ≥10 cm girth at breast height were enumerated. Results： We found a pattern of mixed dominance of Shored robusta （sal） and Schima wollichii and co-dominance of Pinus kesiyo and Careya arborea. The Shannon＇s diversity index （H＇） was 3.395 nats. This value is remarkably high and competitive to that of moist sal forests of eastern Himalayan foothills and sal-dominated forests of Tripura. A high value of H＇ was manifested by： a） high species richness （S = 123）, b） good equitability （70.6%）, c）＇fair＇ resource apportionment, and d） abundance of rare species （84% species with less than one per cent of total individuals, 67% species with two or less individuals ha-1 and 59% species with one or less individuals ha-1）. The compositional heterogeneity was ＇fair＇（Whittaker＇sβw = 3.15）. The presence of Fagaceae with six species commanding 4.3% of importance value （IVl） and of a pine （P. kesiya） in sal forest was remarkable. As many as 58 species showed ＇low density （〈 10 individuals ha-1）, uniform dispersion＇, five species achieved ＇higher density （〉 10 individuals ha-l）, uniform dispersion＇ and six of the top 10 species were ＇clumped＇. The forest showed an exponential demographic curve illustrating ＇good＇ regeneration of an expanding community. Vertical stratification was simple with a poor canopy and fair subcanopy, which together with low basal area （15.65 m2 . ha-1 for individuals ≥ 10 cm gbh） indicated logging of mature sal trees in the past. Conclusions： The ＇Khasi hill sal＇ forest ecosystem is richer in alpha and beta diversity than most sal-dominated forests, but past logging has reduce

关键词： Forest structure Phytosociology Floristics Beta diversity Abundance Species dispersion Populationstructure Regeneration Shorea robusto

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