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COVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells regardless of infection history

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 99-107页

作者： Kyle A.Smith Tiffany M.Zúñiga Forrest L.Baker Helena Batatinha Charles R.Pedlar shane C.Burgess Michael P.Gustafson emmanuel Katsanis Richard J.Simpson School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Pediatrics The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Faculty of Sport Allied Health and Performance ScienceSt.Mary's UniversityTwickenham TW14SXUK Institute of Sport exercise and Health University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HUUK Department of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA The University of Arizona Cancer Center The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85719USA Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixAZ 85054USA Department of Immunobiology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Medicine The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Pathology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA

Background:The mobilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)during exercise is purported to increase immune surveillance and protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We sought to determine if COVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 T-cells and transiently alter nAb ***:eighteen healthy participants completed a 20-min bout of graded cycling exercise before and/or after receiving a COVID-19 *** major leukocyte subtypes were enumerated before,during,and after exercise by flow cytometry,and immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 were determined using whole blood peptide stimulation assays,T-cell receptor(TCR)-βsequencing,and SARS-CoV-2 nAb ***:COVID-19 vaccination had no effect on the mobilization or egress of major leukocyte subsets in response to intensity-controlled graded ***,non-infected participants had a significantly reduced mobilization of CD4+and CD8+naive T-cells,as well as CD4+central memory T-cells,after vaccination(synthetic immunity group);this was not seen after vaccination in those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection(hybrid immunity group).Acute exercise after vaccination robustly mobilized SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells to blood in an intensity-dependent *** groups mobilized T-cells that reacted to spike protein;however,only the hybrid immunity group mobilized T-cells that reacted to membrane and nucleocapsid *** increased significantly during exercise only in the hybrid immunity ***:These data indicate that acute exercise mobilizes SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells that recognize spike protein and increases the redistribution of nAbs in individuals with hybrid immunity.

关键词： Anti-viral COVID-19 exercise immunology SARS-CoV-2 T-Cells Vaccine

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Community Knowledge and Attitude about Burns First Aid (BFA) in Jazan, Saudi Arabia

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第4期12卷 135-148页

作者： Md. Mazharul Hoque Mohamed e. Moukhyer Nizar A. Khamjan Bahja Al Siddig elsie Maguen shane Alam Abdulrahman Ibrahim Ali Hakami Siraj Yahya Mohammed Mobarki Bandar Hassan Sulaiman Ghazwani Ayman Abdulrhman Alhathiq Lamyaa el Hassan Aziza Mukhayer emergency Medical Services Department Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Jazan University Jazan Saudi Arabia Public Health Programmes School of Medicine University of Limerick Limerick Ireland School of Medicine Ahfad University for Women Omdurman Sudan Department of Medical Laboratory Technology Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Jazan University Jazan Saudi Arabia Department of Basic Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine Jazan University Jazan Saudi Arabia Department of Health Promotion University of Maastricht Maastricht Netherland

Introduction and Significance: Burn injury (BI) is a considerable health issue which is responsible for around 300,000 deaths and affecting about 11 million people every year worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of BIs array from 112 to 518 per 100,000 per year. The appropriate awareness of performing first aid could facilitate to improve the outcomes of burns. Purpose and Objectives: To appraise the community that acknowledges burns, first aid, and associated factors among the community population in Jazan City, Saudi Arabia. The paper aims to identify limitations to encourage additional research and persuade legislators to develop improved burn-injury care recommendations and training programs. Materials and Methods: An observational-based sample survey was conducted among the people who live in Jazan City aging 13 years or more, during April 5 to May 5, 2023. Data collection was done by a validated online self-administrated questionnaire sent randomly to community members in different parts of Jazan City via social media platforms. Collected data were coded and cleaned by an excel program, and finally exported on SPSS 26.0 software. The variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics like frequencies and percentages. Also, the Chi-square test was used to investigate the relation between different variables, with a significance value of P Results: This study included 243 participants (about 62%) among them were mostly male participants (151) having a university degree. The majority of participants 75% did not take any form of BFA training in the past. This study shows that 69.9% of the participants have inadequate awareness, despite 72% having a constructive attitude towards burn first aid. Previous burn-related first aid training was significantly associated with participants’ knowledge of BFA at a p-value less than 0.05. Conclusion: This study indicates a high frequency of Jazan population having inadequate knowledge of burn first aid despite the high

关键词： Burn Injury (BI) Burns First Aid Knowledge First Aid Training Jazan City

Fast extended depth of focus meta-optics for varifocal functionality

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Photonics Research 2022年第3期10卷 828-833页

作者： James e.M.Whitehead Alan Zhan shane Colburn Luocheng Huang Arka Majumdar Department of electrical and Computer engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonD.C.98195USA Tunoptix SeattleWashingtonD.C.98195USA Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonD.C.98195USA

extended depth of focus(eDOF)optics can enable lower complexity optical imaging systems when compared to active focusing *** existing eDOF optics,however,it is difficult to achieve high resolution and high collection efficiency *** subwavelength spacing of scatterers in a meta-optic enables the engineering of very steep phase gradients;thus,meta-optics can achieve both a large physical aperture and a high numerical ***,we demonstrate a fast(f/1.75)eDOF meta-optic operating at visible wavelengths,with an aperture of 2 mm and focal range from 3.5 mm to 14.5 mm(286 diopters to 69 diopters),which is a 250×elongation of the depth of focus relative to a standard ***-independent performance is shown by imaging at a range of finite conjugates,with a minimum spatial resolution of∼9.84μm(50.8 cycles/mm).We also demonstrate operation of a directly integrated eDOF meta-optic camera module to evaluate imaging at multiple object distances,a functionality which would otherwise require a varifocal lens.

关键词： optics enable otherwise

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Characterization of multi-scale ionospheric irregularities using ground-based and space-based GNSS observations

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Satellite Navigation 2021年第1期2卷 192-212页

作者： YuXiang Peng Wayne A Scales Michael D Hartinger Zhonghua Xu shane Coyle Center for Space Science and engineering Research Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA Bradley Department of electrical and Computer engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA Space Science Institute BoulderCO 80301USA National Institute of Aerospace HamptonVA 23666USA Center for Space Science and engineering Research Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA.

Ionospheric irregularities can adversely affect the performance of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). How-ever, this opens the possibility of using GNSS as an effective ionospheric remote sensing tool. Despite ionospheric monitoring has been undertaken for decades, these irregularities in multiple spatial and temporal scales are still not fully understood. This paper reviews Virginia Tech’s recent studies on multi-scale ionospheric irregularities using ground-based and space-based GNSS observations. First, the relevant background of ionospheric irregularities and their impact on GNSS signals is reviewed. Next, three topics of ground-based observations of ionospheric irregulari-ties for which GNSS and other ground-based techniques are used simultaneously are reviewed. Both passive and active measurements in high-latitude regions are covered. Modelling and observations in mid-latitude regions are considered as well. emphasis is placed on the increased capability of assessing the multi-scale nature of ionospheric irregularities using other traditional techniques (e.g., radar, magnetometer, high frequency receivers) as well as GNSS observations (e.g., Total-electron-Content or TeC, scintillation). Besides ground-based observations, recent advances in GNSS space-based ionospheric measurements are briefly reviewed. Finally, a new space-based ionospheric observa-tion technique using GNSS-based spacecraft formation flying and a differential TeC method is demonstrated using the newly developed Virginia Tech Formation Flying Testbed (VTFFTB). Based on multi-constellation multi-band GNSS, the VTFFTB has been developed into a hardware-in-the-loop simulation testbed with external high-fidelity global ionospheric model(s) for 3-satellite formation flying, which can potentially be used for new multi-scale ionospheric measurement mission design.

关键词： GNSS Ionospheric irregularities Remote sensing Active experiment Spacecraft formation flying

MCSe ADMINISTeRING eXCHANGe 2000 SeRVeR STUDY GUIDe (eXAM 70-224) /

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Large-scale synthesis of N-doped carbon capsules supporting atomically dispersed iron for efficient oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysis

2001年

作者： shane CLAWSON AND RICHARD LUCKeTT.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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eScience 2022年第2期2卷 227-234页

作者： Hui Yang Yanfang Liu Xiaolu Liu Xiangke Wang He Tian Geoffrey I.N.Waterhouse Paul e.Krugere shane GTelfer Shengqian Ma Department of Chemistry University of North TexasDentonTX76201United States College of environmental Science and engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206PR China State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials Center of Electron MicroscopySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027PR China MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology School of Chemical SciencesThe University of AucklandAuckland1142New Zealand MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology School of Physical and Chemical SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurch8140New Zealand MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology School of Fundamental SciencesMassey UniversityPalmerston North4442New Zealand

The large-scale synthesis of platinum-free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)remains a grand *** report the large-scale production of stable and active ORR electrocatalysts based on iron,an earth-abundant element.A core–shell zeolitic imidazolate framework–tannic acid coordination polymer composite(ZIF-8@K-TA)was utilized as the catalyst precursor,which was transformed into iron atoms dispersed in hollow porous nitrogen-doped carbon capsules(H-Fe-N_(x)-C)through ion exchange and pyrolysis.H-Fe-N_(x)-C fea-tures site-isolated single-atom iron centers coordinated to nitrogen in graphitic layers,high levels of nitrogen doping,and high permeability to incoming *** from these characteristics,H-Fe-N_(x)-C demonstrated efficient electrocatalytic activity(e_(1/2)=0.92 V,***)and stability towards the ORR in both alkaline and acidic *** ORR performance,it surpassed the majority of recently reported Fe-N-C catalysts and the standard Pt/C *** addition,H-Fe-N_(x)-C showed outstanding tolerance to methanol.

关键词： Metal single atoms Hollow carbon capsules Oxygen reduction reaction Metal–organic framework electrocatalysis

Real time full-color imaging in a Meta-optical fiber endoscope

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eLight 2023年第1期3卷 147-154页

作者： Johannes e.Froch Luocheng Huang Quentin A.A.Tanguy shane Colburn Alan Zhan Andrea Ravagli eric J.Seibel Karl F.Bohringer Arka Majumdar Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Department of electrical and Computer engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Tunoptix Fluke Hall4000 Mason Road 300WA 98195 SeattleUSA SCHOTT North America Inc.SouthbridgeMA 01550USA Department of Mechanical engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Department of Bioengineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Institute for Nano-engineered Systems University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA

endoscopes are an important component for the development of minimally invasive *** size is one of the most critical aspects,because smaller and less rigid endoscopes enable higher agility,facilitate larger accessibility,and induce less stress on the surrounding *** all existing endoscopes,the size of the optics poses a major limitation in miniaturization of the imaging *** only is making small optics difficult,but their performance also degrades with ***-optics have recently emerged as a promising candidate to drastically miniaturize optics while achieving similar functionalities with significantly reduced ***,we report an inverse-designed meta-optic,which combined with a coherent fiber bundle enables a 33%reduction in the rigid tip length over traditional gradient-index(GRIN)*** use the meta-optic fiber endoscope(MOFIe)to demonstrate real-time video capture in full visible color,the spatial resolution of which is primarily limited by the fiber *** work shows the potential of meta-optics for integration and miniaturization of biomedical devices towards minimally invasive surgery.

关键词： endoscopy Meta-optics Nano-fabrication Biomedical engineering

epidural Analgesia Following Component Separation Hernia Repair: Is It Beneficial?

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Surgical Science 2013年第7期4卷 317-321页

作者： emily L. Albright Curtis e. bower Daniel L. Davenport John S. Roth Department of Surgery University of Kentucky College of Medicine Lexington Kentucky

Purpose: Optimal pain management strategies for patients undergoing component separation hernia repair are not defined. epidural analgesia (eA) has been shown to decrease pulmonary complications and duration of ileus and to improve pain control in other patient populations. In this study we examined outcomes of patients receiving eA after separation of components (SOC). Methods: After obtaining IRB approval, a retrospective review was performed of patients undergoing ventral hernia repair with SOC from January 2006 to October 2010 at the University of Kentucky. Patients were identified from hospital operative records. Pre-operative patient characteristics and operative data were obtained from the medical record. Information was collected relating to use of eA, complications, and length of hospitalization (LOS). Post-operative outcomes were compared between those that had epidurals and those that did not. Results: One hundred seventeen patients were identified that underwent SOC, 34 of whom had eA. These two groups were similar in relation to age, BMI, and co-morbidities. Three patients in the epidural group had complications limiting epidural duration—two with hypotension and one with refractory pruritus. There was no difference in pneumonia, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), wound infection, urinary tract infection (UTI), recurrence, or mortality (Table 1). There was an increase in LOS (6.68 vs. 6.06 days, p 0.01) in patients with eA. Conclusions: The use of eA results in increased LOS in patients undergoing SOC. eA associated morbidity occurs infrequently. The incidence of post-operative complications is unaffected by eA. Further studies are needed to delineate the benefit of eA in this patient population.

关键词： Hernia Repair Separation of Components Pain Management Length of Stay

Rapid phenotypic evolution with shallow genomic differentiation during early stages of high elevation adaptation in eurasian Tree Sparrows

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National Science Review 2020年第1期7卷 113-127页

作者： Yanhua Qu Chunhai Chen Ying Xiong Huishang She Yong e Zhang Yalin Cheng shane Du Bay Dongming Li Per G P ericson Yan Hao Hongyuan Wang Hongfeng Zhao Gang Song Hailin Zhang Ting Yang Chi Zhang Liping Liang Tianyu Wu Jinyang Zhao Qiang Gao Weiwei Zhai Fumin Lei Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences BGI Genomics BGI-Shenzhen University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for excellence in Animal evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Committee on evolutionary Biology University of Chicago Life Sciences Section Integrative Research Center Field Museum of Natural History Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province College of Life Sciences Hebei Normal University Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics Swedish Museum of Natural History College of Life Sciences Shaanxi Normal University China National Gene Bank BGI-Shenzhen Human Genetics Genome Institute of Singapore Agency for Science Technology and Research

Known as the ‘third polar region’, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau represents one of the harshest highland environments in the world and yet a number of organisms thrive there. Previous studies of birds, animals and humans have focused on well-differentiated populations in later stages of phenotypic divergence. The adaptive processes during the initial phase of highland adaptation remain poorly understood. We studied a human commensal, the eurasian Tree Sparrow, which has followed human agriculture to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Despite strong phenotypic differentiation at multiple levels, in particular in muscle-related phenotypes, highland and lowland populations show shallow genomic divergence and the colonization event occurred within the past few thousand years. In a one-month acclimation experiment investigating phenotypic plasticity, we exposed adult lowland tree sparrows to a hypoxic environment and did not observe muscle changes. Through population genetic analyses, we identified a signature of polygenic adaptation, whereby shifts in allele frequencies are spread across multiple loci, many of which are associated with muscle-related processes. Our results reveal a case of positive selection in which polygenic adaptation appears to drive rapid phenotypic evolution, shedding light on early stages of adaptive evolution to a novel environment.

关键词： denovo genome early stage adaptation high elevation muscle phenotypes polygenic adaptation regulatory evolution