Rapid phenotypic evolution with shallow genomic differentiation during early stages of high elevation adaptation in Eurasian Tree Sparrows

作     者：Yanhua Qu Chunhai Chen Ying Xiong Huishang She Yong E Zhang Yalin Cheng Shane Du Bay Dongming Li Per G P Ericson Yan Hao Hongyuan Wang Hongfeng Zhao Gang Song Hailin Zhang Ting Yang Chi Zhang Liping Liang Tianyu Wu Jinyang Zhao Qiang Gao Weiwei Zhai Fumin Lei Yanhua Qu;Chunhai Chen;Ying Xiong;Huishang She;Yong E Zhang;Yalin Cheng;Shane DuBay;Dongming Li;Per G P Ericson;Yan Hao;Hongyuan Wang;Hongfeng Zhao;Gang Song;Hailin Zhang;Ting Yang;Chi Zhang;Liping Liang;Tianyu WU;Jinyang Zhao;Qiang Gao;Weiwei Zhai;Fumin Lei

作者机构：Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences BGI Genomics BGI-Shenzhen University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Committee on Evolutionary Biology University of Chicago Life Sciences Section Integrative Research Center Field Museum of Natural History Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province College of Life Sciences Hebei Normal University Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics Swedish Museum of Natural History College of Life Sciences Shaanxi Normal University China National Gene Bank BGI-Shenzhen Human Genetics Genome Institute of Singapore Agency for Science Technology and Research 

出 版 物：《National Science Review》 (国家科学评论(英文版))

年 卷 期：2020年第7卷第1期

页      面：113-127页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 07[理学] 0905[农学-畜牧学] 09[农学] 071007[理学-遗传学] 090501[农学-动物遗传育种与繁殖] 

基　　金：funded by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB13020300 to F.L.) grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31672275 to Y.Q.) the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program(2019QZKK0501 and 2019QZKK0304) a grant from the Swedish Research Council(621-2013-5161 to P.G.P.E.) 

主　　题：denovo genome early stage adaptation high elevation muscle phenotypes polygenic adaptation regulatory evolution 

摘      要：Known as the ‘third polar region’, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau represents one of the harshest highland environments in the world and yet a number of organisms thrive there. Previous studies of birds, animals and humans have focused on well-differentiated populations in later stages of phenotypic divergence. The adaptive processes during the initial phase of highland adaptation remain poorly understood. We studied a human commensal, the Eurasian Tree Sparrow, which has followed human agriculture to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Despite strong phenotypic differentiation at multiple levels, in particular in muscle-related phenotypes, highland and lowland populations show shallow genomic divergence and the colonization event occurred within the past few thousand years. In a one-month acclimation experiment investigating phenotypic plasticity, we exposed adult lowland tree sparrows to a hypoxic environment and did not observe muscle changes. Through population genetic analyses, we identified a signature of polygenic adaptation, whereby shifts in allele frequencies are spread across multiple loci, many of which are associated with muscle-related processes. Our results reveal a case of positive selection in which polygenic adaptation appears to drive rapid phenotypic evolution, shedding light on early stages of adaptive evolution to a novel environment.