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community Knowledge and Attitude about Burns First Aid (BFA) in Jazan, Saudi Arabia

Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第4期12卷 135-148页

作者： Md. Mazharul Hoque Mohamed E. Moukhyer Nizar A. Khamjan Bahja Al Siddig Elsie Maguen shane Alam Abdulrahman Ibrahim Ali Hakami Siraj Yahya Mohammed Mobarki Bandar Hassan Sulaiman Ghazwani Ayman Abdulrhman Alhathiq Lamyaa El Hassan Aziza Mukhayer Emergency Medical Services Department Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Jazan University Jazan Saudi Arabia Public Health Programmes School of Medicine University of Limerick Limerick Ireland School of Medicine Ahfad University for Women Omdurman Sudan Department of Medical Laboratory Technology Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Jazan University Jazan Saudi Arabia Department of Basic Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine Jazan University Jazan Saudi Arabia Department of Health Promotion University of Maastricht Maastricht Netherland

Introduction and Significance: Burn injury (BI) is a considerable health issue which is responsible for around 300,000 deaths and affecting about 11 million people every year worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of BIs array from 112 to 518 per 100,000 per year. The appropriate awareness of performing first aid could facilitate to improve the outcomes of burns. Purpose and Objectives: To appraise the community that acknowledges burns, first aid, and associated factors among the community population in Jazan city, Saudi Arabia. The paper aims to identify limitations to encourage additional research and persuade legislators to develop improved burn-injury care recommendations and training programs. Materials and Methods: An observational-based sample survey was conducted among the people who live in Jazan city aging 13 years or more, during April 5 to May 5, 2023. Data collection was done by a validated online self-administrated questionnaire sent randomly to community members in different parts of Jazan city via social media platforms. collected data were coded and cleaned by an excel program, and finally exported on SPSS 26.0 software. The variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics like frequencies and percentages. Also, the chi-square test was used to investigate the relation between different variables, with a significance value of P Results: This study included 243 participants (about 62%) among them were mostly male participants (151) having a university degree. The majority of participants 75% did not take any form of BFA training in the past. This study shows that 69.9% of the participants have inadequate awareness, despite 72% having a constructive attitude towards burn first aid. Previous burn-related first aid training was significantly associated with participants’ knowledge of BFA at a p-value less than 0.05. conclusion: This study indicates a high frequency of Jazan population having inadequate knowledge of burn first aid despite the high

关键词： Burn Injury (BI) Burns First Aid Knowledge First Aid Training Jazan city

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Structure-Based Prediction of Transcription Factor Binding Sites

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2014年第6期19卷 568-577页

作者： Jun-tao Guo shane Lofgren Alvin Farrel Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte NC 28223 USA

Transcription Factors（TFs） are a very diverse family of DNA-binding proteins that play essential roles in the regulation of gene expression through binding to specific DNA sequences. They are considered as one of the prime drug targets since mutations and aberrant TF-DNA interactions are implicated in many *** of TF-binding sites on a genomic scale represents a critical step in delineating transcription regulatory networks and remains a major goal in genomic annotations. Recent development of experimental high-throughput technologies has provided valuable information about TF-binding sites at genome scale under various physiological and developmental conditions. computational approaches can provide a cost-effective alternative and complement the experimental methods by using the vast quantities of available sequence or structural information. In this review we focus on structure-based prediction of transcription factor binding sites. In addition to its potential in genomescale predictions, structure-based approaches can help us better understand the TF-DNA interaction mechanisms and the evolution of transcription factors and their target binding sites. The success of structure-based methods also bears a translational impact on targeted drug design in medicine and biotechnology.

关键词： transcription factor binding site structure-based predictions knowledge-based potential physics-based potential

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Greenhouse gases fluxes and soil thermal properties in a pasture in central Missouri

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第7期22卷 1029-1039页

作者： Nsalambi Vakanda Nkongolo shane Johnson Kent Schmidt Frieda Eivazi Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences College of Agriculture and Natural Science Lincoln University Harvard Forest Faculty of Arts and Sciences Harvard University

Fluctuations of greenhouse gases emissions and soil properties occur at short spatial and temporal scales, however, results are often reported for larger scales studies. We monitored cO2, cH4, and N2O fluxes and soil temperature （T）, thermal conductivity （K）, resistivity （R） and thermal diffusivity （D） from 2004 to 2006 in a pasture. Soil air samples for determination of cO2, cH4 and N2O concentrations were collected from static and vented chambers and analyzed within two hours of collection with a gas chromatograph. T, K, R and D were measured in-situ using a KD2 probe. Soil samples were also taken for measurements of soil chemical and physical properties. The pasture acted as a sink in 2004, a source in 2005 and again a sink of cH4 in 2006. cO2 and cH4 were highest, but N2O as well as T, K and D were lowest in 2004. Only K was correlated with c02 in 2004 while T correlated with both N2O （r = 0.76, p = 0.0001） and cO2 （r = 0.88, p = 0.0001） in 2005. In 2006, all gases fluxes were significantly correlated with T, K and R when the data for the entire year were considered. However, an in-depth examination of the data revealed the existence of month-to-month shifts, lack of correlation and differing spatial structures. These results stress the need for further studies on the relationship between soil properties and gases fluxes. K and R offer a promise as potential controlling factors for greenhouse gases fluxes in this pasture.

关键词： greenhouse gases soil thermal properties fluxes

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TAAPP: Tiling Array Analysis Pipeline for Prokaryotes

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2011年第1期9卷 56-62页

作者： Ranjit Kumar shane c. Burgess Mark L. Lawrence Bindu Nanduri college of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State University Mississippi 39762 USA Institute for Genomics Biocomputing and Biotechnology Mississippi State University Mississippi 39762 USA Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station Mississippi State University Mississippi 39762 USA

High-density tiling arrays provide closer view of transcription than regular microarrays and can also be used for annotating functional elements in genomes. The identified transcripts usually have a complex overlapping architecture when compared to the existing genome annotation. Therefore, there is a need for customized tiling array data analysis tools. Since most of the initial tiling arrays were conducted in eukaryotes, data analysis methods are well suited for eukaryofic genomes. For using whole-genome tiling arrays to identify previously unknown transcriptional elements like small RNA and antisense RNA in prokaryotes, existing data analysis tools need to be tailored for prokaryotic genome architecture. Furthermore, automation of such custom data analysis workflow is necessary for biologists to apply this powerful platform for knowledge discovery. Here we describe TAAPP, a web-based package that consists of two modules for prokaryotic tiling array data analysis. The transcript generation module works on normalized data to generate transcriptionally active regions （TARs）. The feature extraction and annotation module then maps TARs to existing genome annotation. This module further categorizes the transcription profile into potential novel non-coding RNA, antisense RNA, gene expression and operon structures. The implemented workflow is microarray platform independent and is presented as a web-based service. The web interface is freely available for acedemic use at http：//***/TAAPP-HTML/.

关键词： transcriptomics small RNA operon prokaryotes tiling arrays

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Homogenization Theory for a Replenishing Passive Scalar Field

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chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2009年第5期30卷 631-644页

作者： Peter R. KRAMER shane R. KEATING Department of Mathematical Sciences Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute center for Atmosphere-Ocean Science Courant Institute of Mathematical SciencesNew York University

Homogenization theory provides a rigorous framework for calculating the effective diffusivity of a decaying passive scalar field in a turbulent or complex *** authors extend this framework to the case where the passive scalar fluctuations are continuously replenished by a source (and/or sink).The basic structure of the homogenized equations carries over,but in some cases the homogenized source can involve a non-trivial coupling of the velocity field and the *** authors derive expressions for the homogenized source term for various multiscale source structures and interpret them physically.

关键词： Homogenization Turbulent transport Source Pumping

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债务危机迫在眉睫国际开发协会增资创新高是关键

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财经界 2024年第7期 47-47页

作者： shane Romig

低收入国家面临全面债务危机，使得国际开发协会第21轮（简称IDA21）增资力争实现史上最大规模成为当务之急。《2023年国际债务报告》强调指出，债务偿还额不断膨胀，挤占了本应用于发展优先重点的稀缺资源。强大的国际开发协会（简称ID...

低收入国家面临全面债务危机，使得国际开发协会第21轮（简称IDA21）增资力争实现史上最大规模成为当务之急。《2023年国际债务报告》强调指出，债务偿还额不断膨胀，挤占了本应用于发展优先重点的稀缺资源。强大的国际开发协会（简称IDA，向世界上最贫困国家提供无息或低息贷款和赠款的基金），是许多贫困国家投资于人力资本和环境、防止来之不易的发展成果得而复失的基本条件。世界银行首席统计师、发展数据局局长傅海珊指出：“最贫困的国家需要帮助，而且现在就需要。每个季度利率居高不下，都会导致更多的低收入和中等收入国家陷入困境，面临在偿还公共债务还是投资发展公共卫生、教育和基础设施之间的艰难抉择。我们需要加倍努力来为国际开发协会提供减贫和推动绿色转型所需的资源。”

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An overview of research efforts to understand the effects of underwater sound on cetaceans

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Water Biology and Security 2023年第2期2卷 1-12页

作者： shane Guan Tiffini Brookens Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Environmental Studies ProgramUSA Marine Mammal commission USA The catholic University of America USA

cetaceans are aquatic mammals living in an environment that is more suited for hearing than *** such,their sensory systems largely utilize acoustic cues for navigation,communication,foraging,and predator ***,the elevation of underwater sound levels from increased human activities has adversely affected cetaceans’use of sound to perform vital life *** address those impacts,scientific studies have been conducted to understand the behavioral,psychoacoustical,physiological,and physical responses by cetaceans that have been exposed to anthropogenic *** studies range from captive experiments involving auditory thresholds and noise-induced threshold shifts,to field observations of behavioral disturbance from sound exposure,to post-mortem examinations of physical manifestations in stranded *** the years,results from these studies have assisted regulatory agencies in developing a series of criteria and thresholds for cetacean conservation and management around the *** paper provides a high-level overview of worldwide research efforts that have been dedicated to understanding the effects of underwater sound on *** review is not intended to be exhaustive but rather to capture major efforts and significant findings in this *** addition,the review excludes synthesis studies and modeling exercises that do not involve direct research on target species.

关键词： cetacean Anthropogenic sound Underwater sound exposure Behavioral disturbance Environmental impact assessment Behavioral response Noise-induced threshold shift

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MEMS-actuated metasurface Alvarez lens

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 334-344页

作者： Zheyi Han shane colburn Arka Majumdar Karl F.Bohringer Department of Electrical and computer Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195USA Institute for Nano-Engineered Systems University of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195USA Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195USA Department of Bioengineering University of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195USA

Miniature lenses with a tunable focus are essential components for many modern applications involving compact optical *** several tunable lenses have been reported with various tuning mechanisms,they often face challenges with respect to power consumption,tuning speed,fabrication cost,or production *** this work,we have adapted the mechanism of an Alvarez lens–a varifocal composite lens in which lateral shifts of two optical elements with cubic phase surfaces give rise to a change in the optical power–to construct a miniature,microelectromechanical system(MEMS)-actuated metasurface Alvarez *** based on an electrostatic MEMS generates fast and controllable actuation with low power *** utilization of metasurfaces–ultrathin and subwavelength-patterned diffractive optics–as optical elements greatly reduces the device volume compared to systems using conventional freeform *** entire MEMS Alvarez metalens is fully compatible with modern semiconductor fabrication technologies,granting it the potential to be mass-produced at a low unit *** the reported prototype operating at 1550 nm wavelength,a total uniaxial displacement of 6.3µm was achieved in the Alvarez metalens with a direct-current(Dc)voltage application up to 20V,which modulated the focal position within a total tuning range of 68µm,producing more than an order of magnitude change in the focal length and a 1460-diopter change in the optical *** MEMS Alvarez metalens has a robust design that can potentially generate a much larger tuning range without substantially increasing the device volume or energy consumption,making it desirable for a wide range of imaging and display applications.

关键词： electrostatic optics adapted

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Fabrication of 3D Templates Using a Large Depth of Focus Femtosecond Laser

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chinese Physics Letters 2009年第9期26卷 140-142页

作者：李晓凡 WINFIELD Richard O'BRIEN shane 陈良尧 Department of Optical Science and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai 200433 Tyndall National Institute Lee Maltings Prospect Row Cork Ireland Department of Microelectronic Engineering University College Cork Cork Ireland

We report the use of a large depth of focus Bessel beam in the fabrication of cell structures. Two axicon lenses are investigated in the formation of high aspect ratio line structures. A sol-gel resin, with good mechanical strength, is polymerised in a modified two-photon polymerisation system. Examples of different two-dimensional grids are presented to show that the lateral resolution can be maintained even in the rapid fabrication of high-sided structures.

关键词： sea surface nonliear interaction numerical method

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Progesterone modulates m TOR in the hippocampus of mice after traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第3期13卷 434-439页

作者： Richard Justin Garling Lora Talley Watts shane Sprague Murat Digicaylioglu Department of Neurosurgery Wayne State University Detroit MI USA School of Medicine The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio TX USA Department of Neurosurgery The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio TX USA

Spinal cord injury results in the loss of motor and sensory pathways and spontaneous regeneration of adult mammalian spinal cord neurons is limited. chitosan and sodium alginate have good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and are suitable to assist the recovery of damaged tissues, such as skin, bone and nerve. chitosan scaffolds, sodium alginate scaffolds and chitosan-sodium alginate scaffolds were separately transplanted into rats with spinal cord hemisection. Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan locomotor rating scale scores and electrophysiological results showed that chitosan scaffolds promoted recovery of locomotor capacity and nerve transduction of the experimental *** days after surgery, chitosan scaffolds retained the original shape of the spinal cord. compared with sodium alginate scaffolds- and chitosan-sodium alginate scaffolds-transplanted rats, more neurofilament-H-immunoreactive cells （regenerating nerve fibers） and less glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunoreactive cells （astrocytic scar tissue） were observed at the injury site of experimental rats in chitosan scaffold-transplanted rats. Due to the fast degradation rate of sodium alginate, sodium alginate scaffolds and composite material scaffolds did not have a supporting and bridging effect on the damaged tissue. Above all, compared with sodium alginate and composite material scaffolds, chitosan had better biocompatibility, could promote the regeneration of nerve fibers and prevent the formation of scar tissue,and as such, is more suitable to help the repair of spinal cord injury.

关键词： nerve regeneration spinal cord injury chitosan sodium alginate functional recovery scaffold neurofilament-H glial fibrillary acidic protein scar tissue locomotor capacity neural regeneration

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