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Development and evaluation of an online monitoring single-particle optical particle counter with polarization detection

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 585-596页

作者： Weijie Yao Xiaole Pan Yu Tian Hang Liu Yuting Zhang shandong lei Junbo Zhang Yinzhou Zhang LinWu Yele Sun Zifa Wang State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China

We developed a single-particle optical particle counter with polarization detection(SOPC)for the real-time measurement of the optical size and depolarization ratio(defined as the ratio of the vertical component to the parallel component of backward scattering)of atmospheric particles,the polarization ratio(DR)value can reflect the irregularity of the *** SOPC can detect aerosol particles with size larger than 500 nm and the maximum particle count rate reaches~1.8×10^(5)particles per *** SOPC uses a modulated polarization laser to measure the optical size of particles according to forward scattering signal and the DR value of the particles by backward S and P signal *** sampling rate of the SOPC was 106#/(sec·channel),and all the raw data were processed *** calibration curve was obtained by polystyrene latex spheres with sizes of 0.5-10μm,and the average relative deviation of measurement was 3.96% for sub 3μm particles.T-matrix method calculations showed that the DR value of backscatter light at 120°could describe the variations in the aspect ratio of particles in the above size *** performed insitu observations for the evaluation of the SOPC,the mass concentration constructed by the SOPC showed good agreement with the PM_(2.5)measurements in a nearby state-controlled monitoring *** instrument could provide useful data for source appointment and regulations against air pollution.

关键词： Instrument development Single particle detection Measurement uncertainty Optical simulation Mass concentration

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Cross-boundary transport and source apportionment for PM_(2.5) in a typical industrial city in the Hebei Province,China:A modeling study

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第5期34卷 465-473页

作者： Xiaoyong Liu Xiaole Pan Jie Li Xi Chen Hang Liu Yu Tian Yuting Zhang shandong lei Weijie Yao Qi Liao Yele Sun Zifa Wang Hong He State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Earth Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Cross-boundary transport of air pollution is a difficult issue in pollution control for the North China *** this study,an industrial district(Shahe City)with a large glass manufactur-ing sector was investigated to clarify the relative contribution of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))to the city's high levels of *** Nest Air Quality Prediction Model System(NAQPMS),paired with Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF),was adopted and applied with a spatial resolution of 5 *** the study period,the mean mass concentrations of PM_(2.5),SO_(2),and NO_(2)were observed to be 132.0,76.1,and 55.5μg/m^(3),*** model reproduced the variations in pollutant concentrations in Shahe at an acceptable *** simulation of online source-tagging revealed that pollutants emitted within a 50-km radius of downtown Shahe contributed 63.4%of the city's total PM_(2.5)*** contribu-tion increased to 73.9±21.2%when unfavorable meteorological conditions(high relative hu-midity,weak wind,and low planetary boundary layer height)were present;such conditions are more frequently associated with severe pollution(PM_(2.5)≥250μg/m^(3)).The contribution from Shahe was 52.3±21.6%.The source apportionment results showed that industry(47%),transportation(10%),power(17%),and residential(26%)sectors were the most important sources of PM_(2.5)in *** glass factories(where chimney stack heights were normally<70 m)in Shahe contributed 32.1%of the total PM_(2.5)concentration in *** an in-crease in PM_(2.5)concentration,the emissions from glass factories accumulated vertically and narrowed *** times when pollution levels were severe,the horizontally influ-enced area mainly covered ***,sensitivity tests indicated that reducing emissions by 20%,40%,and 60% could lead to a decrease in themass concentration of PM_(2.5) of of 12.0%,23.8%,and 35.5%,respectively.

关键词： Industrial cities PM_(2.5) Pollution transport Source apportionment

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Refractory black carbon aerosols in rainwater in the summer of 2019 in Beijing:Mass concentration,size distribution and wet scavenging ratio

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第10期132卷 31-42页

作者： shandong lei Baozhu Ge Hang Liu Jiannong Quan Danhui Xu Yuting Zhang Weijie Yao Lu lei Yu Tian Qi Liao Xiaoyong Liu Jie Li Jinyuan Xin Yele Sun Pingqing Fu Junji Cao Zifa Wang Xiaole Pan State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100089China National Center for Climate Change Strategy and International Cooperation Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentBeijing 100035China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Institute of Surface-Earth System Science Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Black carbon(BC)aerosols in the atmosphere play a significant role in climate systems due to their strong ability to absorb solar *** lifetime of BC depends on atmospheric transport,aging and consequently on wet scavenging processes(in-cloud and below-cloud scavenging).In this study,sequential rainwater samples in eight rainfall events collected in 2 mm interval were measured by a tandem system including a single particle soot photometer(SP2)and a *** results showed that the volume-weighted average(VWA)mass concentrations of refractory black carbon(rBC)in each rainfall event varied,ranging from 10.8 to 78.9μg/*** highest rBC concentrations in the rainwater samples typically occurred in the first fraction from individual rainfall *** geometric mean median mass-equivalent diameter(MMD)decreased under precipitation,indicating that rBC with larger sizes was relatively aged and preferentially removed by wet scavenging.A positive correlation(R2=0.73)between the VWA mass concentrations of rBC in rainwater and that in ambient air suggested the important contribution of scavenging ***,the contributions of in-cloud and below-cloud scavenging were distinguished and accounted for 74%and 26%to wet scavenging,*** scavenging ratio of rBC particles was estimated to be 0.06 on *** study provides helpful information for better understanding the mechanism of rBC wet scavenging and reducing the uncertainty of numerical simulations of the climate effects of rBC.

关键词： Refractory black carbon Wet deposition Size distribution

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Chemical formation and source apportionment of PM_(2.5) at an urban site at the southern foot of the Taihang mountains

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第5期33卷 20-32页

作者： Xiaoyong Liu Mingshi Wang Xiaole Pan Xiyue Wang Xiaolong Yue Donghui Zhang Zhigang Ma Yu Tian Hang Liu shandong lei Yuting Zhang Qi Liao Baozhu Ge Dawei Wang Jie Li Yele Sun Pingqing Fu Zifa Wang Hong He Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo 454003China Jiaozuo Ecological Environment Monitoring Center Jiaozuo 454003China Jiaozuo Environmental Science Research Institute Jiaozuo 454003China Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Institute of Surface-Earth System Science Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Earth Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The region along the Taihang Mountains in the North China Plain(NCP) is characterized by serious fine particle pollution. To clarify the formation mechanism and controlling factors, an observational study was conducted to investigate the physical and chemical properties of the fine particulate matter in Jiaozuo city, China. Mass concentrations of the water-soluble ions(WSIs) in PM_(2.5) and gaseous pollutant precursors were measured on an hourly basis from December 1, 2017, to February 27, 2018. The positive matrix factorization(PMF) method and the FLEXible PARTicle(FLEXPART) model were employed to identify the sources of PM_(2.5). The results showed that the average mass concentration of PM_(2.5) was 111 μg/m^(3) during the observation period. Among the major WSIs, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium(SNA) constituted 62% of the total PM_(2.5) mass, and NO_(3)^(-) ranked the highest with an average contribution of 24.6%. NH_(4)^(+) was abundant in most cases in Jiaozuo. According to chemical balance analysis, SO_(2)-4, NO_(3)^(-), and Cl^(-) might be present in the form of(NH_4)_(2)SO_4, NH_4NO_3, NH_4Cl, and KCl. The liquid-phase oxidation of SO_(2) and NO_(2) was severe during the haze period. The relative humidity and pH were the key factors influencing SO_(4)^(2-) formation. We found that NO_(3)^(-) mainly stemmed from homogeneous gas-phase reactions in the daytime and originated from the hydrolysis of N_(2)O_5 in the nighttime, which was inconsistent with previous studies. The PMF model identified five sources of PM_(2.5) : secondary origin(37.8%), vehicular emissions(34.7%), biomass burning(11.5%), coal combustion(9.4%), and crustal dust(6.6%).

关键词： PM_(2.5) Chemical components Source identification

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Transport Patterns and Potential Sources of Atmospheric Pollution during the ⅩⅩⅣ Olympic Winter Games Period

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第10期39卷 1608-1622,I0002-I0004页

作者： Yuting ZHANG Xiaole PAN Yu TIAN Hang LIU Xueshun CHEN Baozhu GE Zhe WANG Xiao TANG shandong lei Weijie YAO Yuanzhe REN Yongli TIAN Jie LI Pingqing FU Jinyuan XIN Yele SUN Junji CAO Zifa WANG State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region environmental monitoring central station Hohhot 010090China Institute of Surface-Earth System Science Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

The attainment of suitable ambient air quality standards is a matter of great concern for successfully hosting the ⅩⅩⅣ Olympic Winter Games(OWG). Transport patterns and potential sources of pollutants in Zhangjiakou(ZJK) were investigated using pollutant monitoring datasets and a dispersion model. The PM_(2.5) concentration during February in ZJK has increased slightly(28%) from 2018 to 2021, mostly owing to the shift of main potential source regions of west-central Inner Mongolia and Mongolian areas(2015–18) to the North China Plain and northern Shanxi Province(NCPS) after *** CO as an indicator, the relative contributions of the different regions to the receptor site(ZJK) were evaluated based on the source-receptor-relationship method(SRR) and an emission inventory. We found that the relative contribution of pollutants from NCPS increased from 33% to 68% during 2019–21. Central Inner Mongolia(CIM) also has an important impact on ZJK under unfavorable weather conditions. This study demonstrated that the effect of pollution control measures in the NCPS and CIM should be strengthened to ensure that the air quality meets the standard during the ⅩⅩⅣ OWG.

关键词： Olympic Winter Games FLEXPART transport characteristics atmospheric pollution sources

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应用认知失调理论来认识和减少公众日常滥用塑料袋现象

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生态经济(学术版) 2007年第2期 448-450页

作者：赵德雷山东工商学院公共管理学院山东烟台264005

为治理'白色污染',减少日常生活中滥用的大量废弃塑料袋是关键。现代人存在着良好的环保意识与滥用塑料袋的污染环境行为并存的矛盾现象。其原因是人们在减轻失调时选择了简便的'引入新认知方法'而避免改变非环保行为。本文从认知失调... 详细信息

为治理'白色污染',减少日常生活中滥用的大量废弃塑料袋是关键。现代人存在着良好的环保意识与滥用塑料袋的污染环境行为并存的矛盾现象。其原因是人们在减轻失调时选择了简便的'引入新认知方法'而避免改变非环保行为。本文从认知失调理论的视角,建议通过制造使失调明朗化的情境,让人们意识到并'公开'承认自己行为与意识的不一致,促使其选择更具公共理性价值的减轻失调方法——主动改变行为,进而达到诱发环保行为的目的。

关键词：认知失调塑料袋白色污染

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毒邪与广义之邪辨析

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山东中医杂志 2002年第9期21卷 515-517页

作者：张蕾山东中医药大学山东济南250014

认为毒邪与一般意义的邪涵义不同 ,所导致的病机变化也有明显差异。正确界定毒邪的概念。

关键词：邪毒邪病因中医学

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a-Si(H)太阳电池内电场及收集效率的计算

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太阳能学报 1989年第4期10卷 228-235页

作者：张德恒余恬马洪磊山东大学

在对隙态密度的分布作U形近似并考虑存在D^+、D^-缺陷峰的条件下,计算了a-Si(H)太阳电池 i层内电场的分布,对最小隙态密度g_(min)、费米能级对带隙中心的偏离△E_F和势垒高度cV_D的依赖关系及不同情况下光生载流子的收集效率。结果表明,... 详细信息

在对隙态密度的分布作U形近似并考虑存在D^+、D^-缺陷峰的条件下,计算了a-Si(H)太阳电池 i层内电场的分布,对最小隙态密度g_(min)、费米能级对带隙中心的偏离△E_F和势垒高度cV_D的依赖关系及不同情况下光生载流子的收集效率。结果表明,g_(min)和△E_F是影响i层内电场分布的主要因素,而缺陷峰的影响则很小。光生载流子的收集效率对内电场分布的依赖关系很不明显,而对i层的势垒高度eV_D、热激活距离r_0、空穴的扩散长度L_p等却有明显的依赖关系。

关键词： a-si(H) 太阳电池内电场收集效率

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滚珠型弧面凸轮连续传动机构承载接触分析

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中国机械工程 2012年第4期23卷 379-382页

作者：牟世刚冯显英李蕾山东大学济南250061

在建立滚珠型弧面凸轮连续传动机构数学模型的基础上,得到了弧面凸轮的啮合模型,并进行了齿面接触特性分析。弧面凸轮啮合传动时接触形式表现为球齿面与马鞍面之间的点接触,对点接触形成的椭圆进行了分析,确定了其方向和尺寸。利用曲面... 详细信息

在建立滚珠型弧面凸轮连续传动机构数学模型的基础上,得到了弧面凸轮的啮合模型,并进行了齿面接触特性分析。弧面凸轮啮合传动时接触形式表现为球齿面与马鞍面之间的点接触,对点接触形成的椭圆进行了分析,确定了其方向和尺寸。利用曲面上任意点处主曲率的计算方法,得到了接触点处主曲率的变化规律。计算了接触区域最大压应力,分析了弧面凸轮连续传动时接触中心最大压应力的变化规律。所得结论对进一步研究滚珠型弧面凸轮连续传动理论与实际应用具有重要的指导意义,为完善滚珠型弧面凸轮传动机构的设计与制造提供了理论依据。

关键词：啮合特性接触分析弧面凸轮接触椭圆

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时间基准波束扫描MLS的研究及其应用

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山东省科学院院刊 1988年第4期 51-56页

作者：周镭山东省科学院科研处

本文概述了 TRSB—MLS 的组成和功能,角度测量的原理、抗干扰措施,以及由 ILS 向 MLS 的过渡计划及近年来各国 MLS 的研究开发现状。

关键词： MLS 角度测量时间基准微波着陆系统波束扫描方位引导 ILS

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