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Rescue from complications after pancreaticoduodenectomies at a low-volume Caribbean center:value of tailored peri-pancreatectomy protocols

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第3期16卷 681-688页

作者： Shamir O Cawich Elijah Dixon Parul J Shukla shailesh v shrikhande Rahul R Deshpande Fawwaz Mohammed Neil W Pearce Wesley Francis Shaneeta Johnson Johann Bujhawan Department of Surgery University of the West IndiesSt Augustine 000000Trinidad and Tobago Department of Surgery Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlberta T2N2T9Canada Department of Surgery Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNY 10065United States Department of Surgical Oncology Tata Memorial CenterHomi Bhabha National UniversityMumbai 400012India Department of Surgery Manchester Royal InfirmaryManchester M139WLUnited Kingdom University Surgical Unit Southampton General HospitalSouthampton SO166YDUnited Kingdom Department of Surgery University of the West IndiesNassau N-1184Bahamas Department of Surgery Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30310United States Department of Surgery General Hospital in Port of SpainPort of Spain 000000Trinidad and Tobago

BACKGROUND Pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)is a technically complex operation,with a re-latively high risk for complications.The ability to rescue patients from post-PD complications is as a recognized quality measure.Tailored protocols were instituted at our low volume facility in the year 2013.AIM To document the rate of rescue from post-PD complications with tailored protocols in place as a measure of quality.METHODS A retrospective audit was performed to collect data from patients who experienced major post-PD complications at a low volume pancreatic surgery unit in Trinidad and Tobago between January 1,2013 and June 30,2023.Stan-dardized definitions from the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery were used to define post-PD complications,and the modified Clavien-Dindo classification was used to classify post-PD complications.RESULTS Over the study period,113 patients at a mean age of 57.5 years(standard deviation[SD]±9.23;range:30-90;median:56)underwent PDs at this facility.Major complications were recorded in 33(29.2%)patients at a mean age of 53.8 years(SD:±7.9).Twenty-nine(87.9%)patients who experienced major morbidity were salvaged after aggre-ssive treatment of their complication.Four(3.5%)died from bleeding pseudoaneurysm(1),septic shock secondary to a bile leak(1),anastomotic leak(1),and myocardial infarction(1).There was a significantly greater salvage rate in patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists scores≤2(93.3%vs 25%;P=0.0024).CONCLUSION This paper adds to the growing body of evidence that volume alone should not be used as a marker of quality for patients requiring PD.Despite low volumes at our facility,we demonstrated that 87.9%of patients were rescued from major complications.We attributed this to several factors including development of rescue protocols,the competence of the pancreatic surgery teams and continuous,and adaptive learning by the entire institution,cul-minating in the development of tailored peri-pancreatectomy protocols.

关键词： Pancreas Complication Rescue Failure Morbidity Mortality Pancreaticoduodenectomy

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Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery in pancreatic diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第31期16卷 3859-3864页

作者： Sonja Gillen Jrg Kleeff Michael Kranzfelder shailesh v shrikhande Helmut Friess Hubertus Feussner Department of Surgery Tech-nische Universitt München Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery Tata Memorial Hospital

Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is a surgical technique that has received considerable interest in recent years. Although minimal access surgery has increasingly replaced traditional open abdominal surgical approaches for a wide spectrum of indications, in pancreatic diseases its widespread use is limited to few indications because of the challenging and demanding nature of major pancreatic operations. Nonetheless, there have been attempts in animal models as well as in the clinical setting to perform diag- nostic and resectional NOTES for pancreatic diseases. Here, we review and comment upon the available data regarding currently analyzed and performed pancreatic NOTES procedures. Potential indications for NOTES include peritoneoscopy, cyst drainage, and necrosectomy, palliative procedures such as gastroenterostomy, as well as resections such as distal pancreatectomy or enucleation. These procedures have already been shown to be technically feasible in several studies in animal models and a few clinical trials. In conclusion, NOTES is a rapidly developing concept/technique that could potentially become an integral part of the armamentarium dealing with surgical approaches to pancreatic diseases.

关键词： Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery Pancreatic disease Chronic pancreatitis Pancreatic resection Pancreatic drainage

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Artificial intelligence in perioperative management of major gastrointestinal surgeries

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第21期27卷 2758-2770页

作者： Sohan Lal Solanki Saneya Pandrowala Abhirup Nayak Manish Bhandare Reshma P Ambulkar shailesh v shrikhande Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care and PainTata Memorial HospitalHomi Bhabha National InstituteMumbai 400012MaharashtraIndia Gastro-Intestinal Services Department of Surgical OncologyTata Memorial HospitalHomi Bhabha National InstituteMumbai 400012MaharashtraIndia

Artificial intelligence(AI)demonstrated by machines is based on reinforcement learning and revolves around the usage of algorithms.The purpose of this review was to summarize concepts,the scope,applications,and limitations in major gastrointestinal surgery.This is a narrative review of the available literature on the key capabilities of AI to help anesthesiologists,surgeons,and other physicians to understand and critically evaluate ongoing and new AI applications in perioperative management.AI uses available databases called“big data”to formulate an algorithm.Analysis of other data based on these algorithms can help in early diagnosis,accurate risk assessment,intraoperative management,automated drug delivery,predicting anesthesia and surgical complications and postoperative outcomes and can thus lead to effective perioperative management as well as to reduce the cost of treatment.Perioperative physicians,anesthesiologists,and surgeons are well-positioned to help integrate AI into modern surgical practice.We all need to partner and collaborate with data scientists to collect and analyze data across all phases of perioperative care to provide clinical scenarios and context.Careful implementation and use of AI along with real-time human interpretation will revolutionize perioperative care,and is the way forward in future perioperative management of major surgery.

关键词： Algorithms Artificial intelligence Big data Data management Machine learning Perioperative care

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Extended pancreatic resections and lymphadenectomy:An appraisal of the current evidence

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2010年第2期2卷 39-46页

作者： shailesh v shrikhande Savio G Barreto Department of Hepato-Pancreato Biliary Surgical Oncology Tata Memorial Hospital Department of General and Digestive Surgery Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University

Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and complete removal of the cancer confers a definite survival advantage,especially in early disease.However,the majority of patients do not present with early disease,thus precluding the chance of a cure by standard pancreatoduodenectomy(PD),distal pancreatectomy or total pancreatectomy.For this reason,pancreatic surgeons have attempted to push the limits of resection over the last three decades.The aim of these resections has been to determine whether obtaining a complete resection by extending the limits of conventional resection in patients with advanced disease will yield the results seen with PD alone in early disease.This article revisits the data from such studies in an attempt to determine if the available literature supports the performance of extended resections for pancreatic cancer in terms of improvement of survival.

关键词： Pancreas Cancer vein Lymphadenectomy Artery Reconstruction

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Pancreatic fistula after pancreatectomy:Evolving definitions,preventive strategies and modern management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第38期14卷 5789-5796页

作者： shailesh v shrikhande Melroy A D'Souza Department of GI and HPB Surgical Oncology Tata Memorial HospitalMumbai 400-012 India

Pancreatic resection is the treatment of choice for pancreatic malignancy and certain benign pancreatic disorders. However, pancreatic resection is technically a demanding procedure and whereas mortality after a pancreaticoduodenectomy is currently volume centers, post-operative morbidity is considerable, about 30%-50%. At present, the single most significant cause of morbidity and mortality after pancreatectomy is the development of pancreatic leakage and fistula (PF). The occurrence of a PF increases the length of hospital stay and the cost of treatment, requires additional investigations and procedures, and can result in life-threatening complications. There is no universally accepted definition of PF that would allow standardized reporting and proper comparison of outcomes between different centers. However, early recognition of a PF and prompt institution of appropriate treatment is critical to the prevention of potentially devastating consequences. The present article, reviews the evolution of post resection pancreatic fistula as a concept, and discusses evolving definitions, the current preventive strategies and the management of this problem.

关键词：胰切除术胰腺瘘并发症胰腺吻合术

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Borderline resectable pancreatic tumors:Is there a need for further refinement of this stage?

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2011年第3期10卷 319-324页

作者： shailesh v shrikhande Supreeta Arya Savio George Barreto Sachin Ingle Melroy A D'Souza Rohini Hawaldar Parul J Shukla Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgical Oncology Department of Radiology Tata Memorial Hospital Department of Surgery Royal Adelaide Hospital Clinical Research Secretariat

BACKGROUND:The ideal treatment of patients with 'borderline resectable pancreatic tumors (BRTs)' needs to be established.Current protocols advise neoadjuvant chemo(radio)therapy,although some patients may appear to have BRT on preoperative imaging and a complete resection may be achieved without the need for vascular resection.The aim of the present study was to identify specific findings on preoperative imaging that could help predict in which patients with BRT a complete resection,with or without vascular resection (vR),could be achieved.METHODS:Twelve patients with BRTs were identified.Tumor location,maximum degree of circumferential contact (CC),length of contact of the tumor with major vessels (LC),and luminal narrowing of vessels at the point of contact with the tumor (venous deformity,vD) were graded on preoperatively acquired multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) images and then compared with the intraoperative findings and need for vR.RESULTS:A complete resection (R0) was achieved in 10 patients with 2 having microscopic positive margins (R1) on histopathology at the uncinate margin.Four of the 10 patients required vR (40%).In 3 of the 4 patients whose tumors required vRs,CC was ≥grade III and vD was grade 2.LC did not influence the need for vR.CONCLUSIONS:It is possible to achieve a complete resection at the first instance in patients found to have BRTs on preoperative imaging.Preoperative MDCT-based grading systems and our proposed criteria may help identify such patients,thus avoiding any delay in curative resections in such patients.

关键词： pancreatic head carcinoma pancreatic cancer pancreatic neoplasms resection

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Histone deacetylase inhibitor pre-treatment enhances the efficacy of DNA-interacting chemotherapeutic drugs in gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第6期26卷 598-613页

作者： Ramchandra vigay Amnekar Shafqat Ali Khan Mudasir Rashid Bharat Khade Rahul Thorat Poonam Gera shailesh v shrikhande Duane T Smoot Hassan Ashktorab Sanjay Gupta Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group Gupta LaboratoryCancer Research InstituteAdvanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in CancerTata Memorial CentreKhargharNavi MumbaiMaharashtra 410210India Homi Bhabha National Institute Training School ComplexAnushakti NagarMumbaiMaharashtra 400085India Department of Developmental Biology School of MedicineWashington University in St.LouisSaint LouisMO 63130United States Animal House Facility Cancer Research InstituteAdvanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in CancerTata Memorial CentreKhargharNavi MumbaiMaharashtra 410210India Biorepository Lab Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in CancerTata Memorial CentreKhargharNavi MumbaiMaharashtra 410210India Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Service Department of Surgical OncologyTata Memorial HospitalParelMumbai 400012India Department of Medicine Meharry Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37208United States Department of Medicine and Cancer Center College of MedicineHoward UniversityWashington DCWA 20060United States

BACKGROUND The prognosis of gastric cancer continues to remain poor,and epigenetic drugs like histone deacetylase inhibitors(HDACi)have been envisaged as potential therapeutic agents.Nevertheless,clinical trials are facing issues with toxicity and efficacy against solid tumors,which may be partly due to the lack of patient stratification for effective treatments.To study the need of patient stratification before HDACi treatment,and the efficacy of pre-treatment of HDACi as a chemotherapeutic drug sensitizer.METHODS The expression activity of class 1 HDACs and histone acetylation was examined in human gastric cancer cells and tissues.The potential combinatorial regime of HDACi and chemotherapy drugs was defined on the basis of observed drug binding assays,chromatin remodeling and cell death.RESULTS In the present study,the data suggest that the differential increase in HDAC activity and the expression of class 1 HDACs are associated with hypoacetylation of histone proteins in tumors compared to normal adjacent mucosa tissue samples of gastric cancer.The data highlights for the first time that pretreatment of HDACi results in an increased amount of DNA-bound drugs associated with enhanced histone acetylation,chromatin relaxation and cell cycle arrest.Fraction-affected plots and combination index-based analysis show that pre-HDACi chemo drug combinatorial regimes,including valproic acid with cisplatin or oxaliplatin and trichostatin A with epirubicin,exhibit synergism with maximum cytotoxic potential due to higher cell death at low combined doses in gastric cancer cell lines.CONCLUSION Expression or activity of class 1 HDACs among gastric cancer patients present an effective approach for patient stratification.Furthermore,HDACi therapy in pretreatment regimes is more effective with chemotherapy drugs,and may aid in predicting individual patient prognosis.

关键词： Chemotherapy Combinatorial index Gastric cancer Histone acetylation Histone deacetylase inhibitor Patient stratification

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Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy:How far have we come and where are we headed?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2015年第8期7卷 128-132页

作者： shailesh v shrikhande Masillamany Sivasanker Department of Surgical Oncology Tata Memorial Hospital

Minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomy is currently a feasible option in selected patients at high volume centers with available expertise. Although the procedure hasbeen described two decades ago, laparoscopic surgeons have been reluctant to perform it since it is technically demanding. Currently there is no standardized training process for minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomy and this is required to ensure the safety of the procedure. Even the open pancreatoduodenectomy can be a challenging procedure where the outcome depends much upon the patient volume and surgeon's experience. In the minimally invasive setting, all the current evidence comes from retrospective data with inherent selection bias. Although the proposed benefits have been reported in many series, a randomized trial comparing with the open approach is highly unlikely to happen, given the complexity of pancreatic cancer and patient selection for complex surgery. Rather, in a disease for which cure is an utopian statement, perhaps the ultimate aim of minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomy can be the improvement in the quality of life. Also further studies are needed to assess the immunologic role affecting the oncologic outcomes in patients undergoing minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomy. The robotic platforms have got easily accepted since they can overcome some of the limitations of the laparoscopic platforms such as limited range of motion, two dimensional visualization and poor ergonomics. The main limitations of robotic procedures are related to the high costs associated with the system and disposable equipment. Currently evidence is lacking regarding the cost effectiveness of the procedure and also the push from the industry is on rise. All these minimally invasive techniques have a long learning curve and prior extensive experience in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery is mandatory for surgeons embarking on these endeavours.

关键词： Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy Roboticpancreat

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Cell-type specificity of β-actin expression and its clinicopathological correlation in gastric adenocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第34期20卷 12202-12211页

作者： Shafqat A Khan Monica Tyagi Ajit K Sharma Savio G Barreto Bhawna Sirohi Mukta Ramadwar shailesh v shrikhande Sanjay Gupta Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group Cancer Research InstituteAdvanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in CancerTata Memorial CentreKhargharNavi MumbaiMH 410210India Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Service Department of Surgical OncologyTata Memorial HospitalTata Memorial CentreMumbaiMH 400012India Medanta Institute of Hepatobiliary and Digestive Sciences MedantaThe MedicityGurgaonHaryana 122001India Medical Oncology-GI and Breast Unit Tata Memorial HospitalTata Memorial CentreMumbaiMH 400012India Department of Pathology Tata Memorial HospitalTata Memorial CentreMumbaiMH 400012India

AIM:To investigate cell type specific distribution ofβ-actin expression in gastric adenocarcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters.METHODS:β-actin is a housekeeping gene,frequently used as loading control,but,differentially expresses in cancer.In gastric cancer,an overall increased expression ofβ-actin has been reported using tissue disruptive techniques.At present,no histological data is available to indicate its cell type-specific expression and distribution pattern.In the present study,we analyzedβ-actin expression and distribution in paired normal and tumor tissue samples of gastric adenocarcinoma patients using immunohistochemistry(IHC),a tissue non-disruptive technique as well as tissue disruptive techniques like reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and western blotting.Correlation ofβ-actin level with clinicopathological parameters was done using univariate analysis.RESULTS:The results of this study showed significant overexpression,at both mRNA and protein level in tumor tissues as confirmed by RT-PCR(1.47±0.13 vs2.36±0.16;Pvs 2.88±0.32;Pvealed thatβ-actin expression is majorly distributed between epithelial and inflammatory cells of the tissues.Inflammatory cells showed a significantly higher expression compared to epithelial cells in normal(2.46±0.13 vs 5.92±0.23,Pvs6.71±0.14,Pvealed that both epithelial and inflammatory cells overexpressβ-actin in tumor tissues,however,significant difference was observed only in inflammatory cells(5.92±0.23vs 6.71±0.14,Pver,combined expression in epithelial and inflammatory cells also showed significant increase(4.19±0.15 vs 4.75±0.14,Pvariate analysis showed a positive correlation ofβ-actin level of inflammatory cells with tumor grade(Pve correlation(P>0.05).CO

关键词： Gastric cancer β-actin Immunohistochemistry Epithe

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Surgery for gallbladder cancer:The need to generate greater evidence

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2009年第1期1卷 26-29页

作者： shailesh v shrikhande Savio G Barreto Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology Tata Memorial Hospital Department of General and Digestive Surgery Flinders Medical Centre

The outcomes for gallbladder cancer remain largely dismal to this day.Overall,the low incidence of gallbladder cancer around the world coupled with an even lower number of patients amenable to surgery at the time of presentation,has precluded the generation of evidence-based guidelines for the management of this cancer.However,while the incidence of the cancer may be decreasing in some parts of the world,in other countries such as India,Japan and Chile,gallbladder cancer continues to affect a sizeable population of patients.As such,there is a growing need to define what constitutes an adequate surgery for each stage of this cancer,based on sound evidence.This editorial provides a broad overview of the existing problems in the management of gallbladder cancer and appeals for multi-institutional studies aimed at answering some of the pertinent questions on the surgical management of gallbladder cancer.

关键词： Treatment outcome Lymphadenectomy Incidence Survival rate

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