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Both climate and socioeconomic drivers contribute to vegetation greening of the Loess Plateau

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Science Bulletin 2021年第12期66卷 1160-1163,M0003页

作者： shahid naeem Yongqiang Zhang Xuanze Zhang Jing Tian Sawaid Abbas Lili Luo Hadush Kidane Meresa Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics the Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

The Loess Plateau(LP)is an ecologically fragile region due to its sensitivities to climate variations and anthropogenic influences[1].The Chinese government recognized the ecological significance of the LP and implemented a series of ecological restoration and conservation policies since *** of degraded ecosystems of the LP is mainly attributed to the environmental protection *** policies are led by Grain for Green(GFG)project,supported by some vegetation conservation *** GFG project,also known as the Conversion of Cropland to Forest and Grassland Program,was launched in 1999,and the LP is one of the pilot regions of this *** first phase of GFG was implemented between 1999 and 2014,and the second phase started in *** local farmers were accommodated by providing grain and cash subsidies for converting their agriculture land into forests and/or grasslands[2].The GFG program has converted approximately 16,000 km^(2)of rain-fed agriculture land to grassland and forests,resulting in a 25%increase in vegetation cover of the LP during 1999 and 2010[3].

关键词：经济刺激政策黄土高原区退耕还林还草工程气候变化环境保护区域可持续发展主导因子气候因子

Evaluating the Impact of Different Tillage Regimes and Nitrogen Levels on Yield and Yield Components of Maize (Zea mays L.)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第6期7卷 789-797页

作者： Muhammad naeem shahid M. shahid Ibni Zamir Ihtisham-Ul Haq M. Kamran Khan Mazhar Hussain Usman Afzal M. Asim Ihtisham Ali Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan

A field study to evaluate the impact of different tillage regimes and nitrogen levels on yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.), was conducted during autumn 2014 at Students Farm, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The experiment was laid out in RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design), with split plot arrangement having three replications. The experiment was comprised of three tillage regimes (Minimum, Conventional and Deep) and three nitrogen levels viz: 100, 200 and 300 kg•ha-1. Urea was used as a source of nitrogen, sulphate of potash as a source of potassium and triple super phosphate as a source of phosphorous. The amount of phosphorous and potash was constant in all the treatments i.e. 125 kg•ha-1 and 100 kg•ha-1 respectively. Results of present study are summarized as yield parameters are significantly affected by different nitrogen levels and tillage regimes. Maximum number of plants at harvest (7.93), number of grain rows per cob (17.70), number of grains per row (34.31), number of grains per cob (678.58), and cob weight (187.50 g) were observed in deep tillage at 200 kg•ha-1 nitrogen application. 1000-grain weight (275.52 g), biological yield (15.66 t•ha-1), grain yield (6.16 t•ha-1) and dried stalk yield (9.91 t•ha-1) were observed maximum in deep tillage at 200 kg•ha-1 nitrogen application. Harvest index significantly affected by tillage regimes and maximum harvest index (39.58%) were recorded in deep tillage which was statistically at par with conventional tillage (38.83%). It was concluded that higher grain yield of maize can be obtained by deep tillage with the application of 200 kg•ha-1 nitrogen application under the prevailing conditions of Faisalabad.

关键词： Tillage Regimes Nitrogen Levels Deep Tillage Biological Yield Harvest Index

Diabetes mellitus:Is Pakistan the epicenter of the next pandemic?

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Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 75-77页

作者： Muhammad Bilal shahid Mahnoor Saeed Hamza naeem Usha Kumari King Edward Medical University LahorePakistan Dow University of Health Sciences KarachiPakistan

To the Editor,Diabetes mellitus(DM)is an endocrine disorder of chronic hyperglycemia diagnosed by fasting blood sugar levels of≥126 mg/dL or glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)levels of≥6.5%.Type 1 DM involves a lack of insulin secretion by the pancreas,whereas the human body's resistance to insulin combined with impaired function of beta cells causes type 2 DM.

关键词： impaired Diabetes mellitus

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全球生态系统服务与自然资本的价值估算

生态学杂志 1999年第2期18卷 70-78页

作者： Robert Costanza Ralph d'Arge Rudolf de Groot Stephen Farber Monica Grasso Bruce Hannon Karin Limburg shahid naeem Robert V.O'neill Jose Paruelo Robert G.Raskin Paul Sutton Marjan van den Belt 陶大立(译) 美国马里兰大学美国怀俄明大学荷兰瓦格宁根农业大学美国匹次堡大学美国伊利诺大学美国米尔布卢克生态系统研究所美国明尼苏达大学美国橡树岭国家实验室环境科学部阿根廷布依诺斯艾利斯大学美国加里福尼亚喷气推进实验室美国加州大学美国生态经济研究和应用公司不详

编者按：地球上的生态系统是一种复杂的生命支持系统，生态系统对人类的贡献，在生态学研究中经常用“社会效益和经济效益”来表述，是可以用经济价值来估算的。然而，由于其复杂性和不确定性，对这两个效益如何进行估价，一直是困扰生... 详细信息

编者按：地球上的生态系统是一种复杂的生命支持系统，生态系统对人类的贡献，在生态学研究中经常用“社会效益和经济效益”来表述，是可以用经济价值来估算的。然而，由于其复杂性和不确定性，对这两个效益如何进行估价，一直是困扰生态学家和经济学家的重要问题。Ｃｏｓ...

关键词：全球生态系统自然资本价值估算

Optimization of Steel Bar Manufacturing Process Using Six Sigma

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2016年第2期29卷 332-341页

作者： naeem Khawar ULLAH Misbah TARIQ Adnan MAQSOOD shahid AKHTAR Rehman NAWAZ Rashid HUSSAIN Iftikhar Department of Industrial Engineering University of Engineering and Technology(UET) Peshawar

Optimization of a manufacturing process results in higher productivity and reduced wastes. Production parameters of a local steel bar manufacturing industry of Pakistan is optimized by using six Sigma-Define, measure, analyze, improve, and controlmethodology. Production data is collected and analyzed. After analysis, experimental design result is used to identify significant factors affecting process performance. The significant factors are controlled to optimized level using two-level factorial design method. A regression model is developed that helps in the estimation of response under multi variable input values. Model is tested, verified, and validated by using industrial data collected at a local steel bar manufacturing industry of Peshawar（Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan）. The sigma level of the manufacturing process is improved to 4.01 from 3.58. The novelty of the research is the identification of the significant factors along with the optimum levels that affects the process yield, and the methodology to optimize the steel bar manufacturing process.

关键词： steel bar manufacturing industry six sigma yield sigma level design of experiments

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and DNA Interaction Study of 3-(2-(3,5-Diphenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl)thiazol-4-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2015年第7期34卷 1013-1018页

作者： MURTAZA Madni shahid Hameed MUHAMMAD naeem Ahmed KHAWAJA Ansar Yasin MUHAMMAD Nawaz Tahir Department of Chemistry Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Chemistry The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir University of Sargodha Department of Physics

A new compound 3-（2-（3,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl）thiazol-4-yl）-2Hchromen-2-one was synthesized by cyclocondensation of 3,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole-1-carbothioamide with 3-（2-bromoacetyl）-2H-chromen-2-one in ethanol at reflux for 2hrs. The compound was characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The newly synthesized compound（C27H19N3O2S） crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 5.2476（6）, b = 18.289（2）, c = 23.115（3） , α = 93.546（7）, β = 94.715（6）, γ = 92.347（7）°, V = 2204.3（4）3, Z = 4, Mr = 449.51, crystal size = 0.38 mm × 0.22 mm × 0.16 mm,（I 2σ（I）） = 35317, 9736, 3785, Rint = 0.081,（Δρ）max = 0.19 and（Δρ）min = –0.24 e·-3. DNA interaction studies revealed that the target compound strongly interacts with DNA through an intercalation binding mode and the binding constant of the compound is 7.45 × 104 M-1.

关键词： binding constant DNA Interaction crystal structure cyclocondensation reaction 1 3-thiazole

Vibration characteristics of FGM circular cylindrical shells filled with fluid using wave propagation approach

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2009年第11期30卷 1393-1404页

作者： Zafar Iqbal Muhammad Nawaz naeem Nazra Sultana shahid Hussain Arshad Abdul Ghafar Shah Department of Mathematics University of Sargodha Department of Mathematics G. C. University Faisalabad Department of Mathematics University of Sargodha Department of Mathematics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

The vibration characteristics of a functionally graded material circular cylindrical shell filled with fluid are examined with a wave propagation approach. The shell is filled with an incompressible non-viscous fluid. Axial modal dependence is approximated by exponential functions. A theoretical study of shell vibration frequencies is analyzed for simply supported-simply supported, clamped-simply supported, and clamped-clamped boundary conditions with the fluid effect. The validity and the accuracy of the present method are confirmed by comparing the present results with those available in the literature. Good agreement is observed between the two sets of results.

关键词： functionally graded material Love's shell theory cylindrical shell volumefraction law natural frequency wave propagation

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Antimicrobial Activity of Ethyl 2-(1-cyclohexyl-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-2-oxoacetate

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2014年第11期33卷 1666-1672页

作者： MUHAMMAD naeem Ahmed shahid Hameed KHAWAJA Ansar Yasin IFZAN Arshad IHSAN-ul-Haq SAFEENA Zafar MUHAMMAD Nawaz Tahir Department of Chemistry The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Department of Chemistry Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Biological SciencesQuaid-i-Azam University University of Sargodha Department of Physics

A novel 1,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazole（C18H21N3O3） was synthesized by a one-pot three component reaction of 1-azidocyclohexane, 1-copper（I） phenylethyne and ethoxalyl chloride at room temperature. The molecular structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a = 12.8167（9）, b = 8.0966（6）, c = 16.7079（9） A, β = 98.716（2）°, Z = 4 and V = 1713.8（2）. In the crystal, the molecules are related by inversion and paired into dimers via C–H…O and C–O…C interactions involving（oxo） acetate groups. Furthermore, X-ray analysis results are compared with the optimized structure computed by using B3 LYP method with 6-311 G basis set. The calculated results showed that optimized geometry can well reproduce the crystal structure parameters. The bioassay results indicate that the compound has good antibacterial and antifungal activities.

关键词： click chemistry triazole cyclohexyl oxoacetate XRD antimicrobial

Molecular Structure of (1-Benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-yl)(4-bromophenyl) methanone: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2014年第12期33卷 1749-1756页

作者： MUHAMMAD naeem Ahmed IFZAN Arshad WANG Bo shahid Hameed BILAL Ahmad Khan KHAWAJA Ansar Yasin MUHAMMAD Moazzam Naseer Department of Chemistry The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad 13100 Pakistan Department of Chemistry Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University

One-pot three component reaction was used to synthesize 1,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazole(A) from the corresponding acid chloride, benzyl azide and 1-copper(I) phenylethyne. The molecular structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca, a = 14.9815(14), b = 9.6496(10), c = 25.528(2) A, Z = 8. Furthermore, crystal packing demonstrated a molecular wall-like structure based on supramolecular chains of A, stabilized by CH···O, CH···Br, N···C and CH···π interactions. Molecular geometry in the ground state has been determined by density functional theory(DFT) by B3LYP/6-311G* basis set and compared with the experimental data. The computed vibrational frequencies are compared with the experimental FT-IR data and frontier molecular orbital analyses were performed at the same level of theory. Theoretical parameters are in good agreement with the corresponding X-ray diffraction values.

关键词： synthesis 1,2,3-triazole crystal structure molecular packing optimization