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Antimicrobial activity of mangrove plant(Lumnitzera littorea)

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第7期4卷 523-525页

作者： shahbudin saad Muhammad Taher Deny Susanti Haitham Qaralleh Nurul Afifah Binti Abdul Rahim Institute of Oceanography and Maritime Studies Kulliyyah of ScienceInternational Islamic University MalaysiaJalan Sultan Ahmad ShahBandar Indera Mahkota25200 KuantanPahangMalaysia Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of PharmacyInternational Islamic University MalaysiaJalan Istana25200 KuantanPahangMalaysia Department of Biomedical Science Faculty of ScienceInternational Islamic University MalaysiaJalan Istana25200 KuantanPahangMalaysia

Objective:To investigate the antimicrobial activities of *** acetate and methanol extracts of the leaves of Lumnitzera littorea(L littorea) against six human pathogenic microbes. Methods:The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion and microdilution ***:The antimicrobial activities of the crude extracts were increased with increasing the *** is clear that n-hexane extract was the most effective extract. *** positive Bacillus cereus(***) appear to be the most sensitive strain while Pseudomonas aeruginosa(***) and the yeast strains(Candida albicans(C. albicans) and Cryptococcus neoformans(***)) appear to be resistance to the tested concentrations since no inhibition zone was *** inhibition of microbial growth at concentration as low as 0.04 mg/*** the potent antimicrobial activity of L littorea ***:The obtained results are considered sufficient for further study to isolate the compounds responsible for the activity and suggesting the possibility of finding potent antibacterial agents from L littorea extracts.

关键词： Antimicrobial Lumnitzera littorea Mangroves

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In vitro antimicrobial activity of mangrove plant Sonneratia alba

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第6期2卷 427-429页

作者： shahbudin saad Muhammad Taher Deny Susanti Haitham Qaralleh Anis Fadhlina Izyani Bt Awang Institute of Oceanography and Maritime Studies Kulliyyah of Science International Islamic University MalaysiaJalan Sultan Ahmad ShahBandar Indera Mahkota25200 Kuantan Pahang Malaysia Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy International Islamic University MalaysiaJalan Sultan Ahmad Shah25200Kuantan Pahang Malaysia Department of Biomedical Science Faculty of Science International Islamic University MalaysiaJalan Sultan Ahmad Shah25200 KuantanPahang Malaysia

Objective:To investigate the antimicrobial property of mangrove plantSonneratia alba(S. alba).Methods:The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion and microdilution methods against six microorganisms. Soxhlet apparatus was used for extraction with a series of solvents,n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol in sequence of increasing ***:Methanol extract appeared to be the most effective extract whilen-hexane extract showed no activity. The antimicrobial activities were observed against the gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) and Bacillus cereus(B. cereus), the gram negative Escherichia coli(E. coli) and the yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans appeared to be not sensitive to the concentrations tested since no inhibition zone was observed.E. coli(17.5 mm) appeared to be the most sensitive strain followed by S. aureus(12.5 mm)and B. cereus(12.5 mm).Conclusions:From this study, it can be concluded that S. alba exhibit santim icrobial activities against certain microorganisms.

关键词： Antibacterial Antifungal Sonneratia alba Mangroves Antimicrobial activity

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Assessing the Potential of Mangrove Educotourism to Marine Protected Area: A Case of Tioman and Tulai Islands, Pahang, Malaysia

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Natural Resources 2015年第7期6卷 442-449页

作者： shahbudin saad Zuhairi Ahmad Mohd Husaini Rani Mohd Fikri Akmal Khodzori Muhammaad Hamizan Yusof Normawaty Mohammad Noor Yukinori Mukai Department of Marine Science Kulliyyah of Science International Islamic University Malaysia Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah Bandar Indera Mahkota Kuantan Malaysia Research fellow for Institute of Oceanography and Maritime Studies International Islamic University Malaysia Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah Bandar Indera Mahkota Kuantan Malaysia

Mangroves composition and species are richly diverse in Tioman and Tulai Island. A total of 23 mangrove species have been found consisting of exclusive and non-exclusive species in Kg. Juara, Kg. Nipah, Kg. Paya, Kg. Genting and Tulai Island. The abundance mangrove species are Rhizophora X lamarckii, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata and Brugueira gymnorrhiza. From supervised classification, total of 59.90 hectares mangrove covers have been identified in both islands, with 86.49% in Tioman Island (52.76 hectares) and 13.51% in Tulai Island (7.14 hectares). A new hybrid species has been found (Rhizophora X lamarckii) dominated in Tulai Island, combination between Rhizophora stylosa and Rhizophora apiculata. At the mean time only mangrove area in Teluk Bakau, Tulai Island is considered as the focal destination of tourists to the area. However, other mangrove areas in Tioman Island are also potential to be promoted as tourist destination areas. Although the mangrove area is only a part of the scenery, its presence obviously enhances tourist attraction. The basic facilities such as information counter, walking trails, garbage boxes and toilets are considered necessary. The main information panel and site map should be provided on the mangrove sites. Boardwalks may be constructed for visitor to access the mangrove area without destroying the root system and stand. The actual site of these facilities and on-site information guides should be strategically placed in order to provide beneficial information and as well as to sustain the biophysical stability of the sites. Since mangroves provide various important functions in nature, it hopes that the mangrove educotourism activity will influence the people and community’s attitudes to the environment, conservation and sustainable development in a very positive way.

关键词： Mangrove Classification Educotourism Diversity and Distribution Hybrid Species

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