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Antibiotic resistance and cagA gene correlation:A looming crisis of Helicobacter pylori

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第18期18卷 2245-2252页

作者： Adnan Khan Amber Farooqui Hamid Manzoor Syed Shakeel Akhtar Muhammad Saeed Quraishy shahana urooj kazmi Immunology and Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of KarachiUniversity RoadKarachi 75270Pakistan Division of Immunology International Institute of Infection and ImmunityShantou University Medical College22 Xinling RoadShantouGuangdong 515041China Department of Surgery Civil HospitalKarachi 74200Pakistan Hamid ManzoorSyed Shakeel AkhtarMuhammad Saeed QuraishyDepartment of MedicineCivil HospitalKarachi 74200Pakistan

AIM:To determine antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori(***) in Pakistan and its correlation with host and pathogen associated ***:A total of 178 strains of *** were isolated from gastric biopsies of dyspeptic *** patterns against first and second-line antibiotics were determined and trends of resistance were analyzed in relation to the sampling period,gastric conditions and cagA gene *** effect of cagA gene on the acquisition of resistance was investigated by mutant selection ***:The observations showed that monoresistant strains were prevalent with rates of 89% for metronidazole,36% for clarithromycin,37% for amoxicillin,18.5% for ofloxacin and 12% for ***,clarithromycin resistance was on the rise from 2005 to 2008(32% vs 38%,P = 0.004) and it is significantly observed in non ulcerative dyspeptic patients compared to gastritis,gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer cases(53% vs 20%,18% and 19%,P = 0.000).On the contrary,metronidazole and ofloxacin resistance were more common in gastritis and gastric ulcer *** analysis and frequencies of resistant mutants in vitro correlated with the absence of cagA gene with metronidazole and ofloxacin ***:The study confirms the alarming levels of antibiotic resistance associated with the degree of gastric inflammation and cagA gene carriage in *** strains.

关键词：抗生素耐药性幽门螺旋杆菌基因突变幽门螺杆菌氧氟沙星消化不良克拉霉素甲硝唑

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Cold plasma-induced effects on electromagnetic wave scattering in waveguides:a mode-matching analysis

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第3期76卷 144-156页

作者： shahana Rizvi Muhammad Afzal Department of Mathematics Capital University of Science and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan

This article presents advancements in an analytical mode-matching technique for studying electromagnetic wave propagation in a parallel-plate metallic rectangular *** technique involves projecting the solution onto basis functions and solving linear algebraic systems to determine scattering *** accuracy of this method is validated via numerical assessments,which involve the reconstruction of matching conditions and conservation *** study highlights the impact of geometric and material variations on reflection and transmission phenomena in the waveguide.

关键词： electromagnetic waves scattering cold plasma metallic conducting mode-matching technique

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Inevitability of an Enhanced Monitoring Strategy to Reduce Water Borne Illness Combining Indicators of Sanitary Protection and Measuring Water Quality

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2016年第11期7卷 748-755页

作者： Nain Taara Bukhari Ghulam Fatima urooj Zafar Anum Muneer shahana urooj kazmi Dadabhoye Institute of Higher Education Karachi Pakistan Civil Hospital Karachi Pakistan Immunology and Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory Karachi Pakistan

Background: Diarrhoea is the second leading cause of childhood mortality in children under five years old. Water is a major contributing risk factor for this disease that is a common illness and a global killer. Material and Methods: Water samples from different areas of Karachi were collected and were processed by MPN technique to evaluate the presence of microbiological substances. Results: Out of the processed samples, 64% were positive for the presence of mix enteric pathogen from different areas of Karachi;from Bhens colony, 74% were positive for the presence of fecal coli forms, among which 4% were positive for EHEC isolated from storage tank and water tank. Conclusion: The abovementioned results reflect the presence of organisms of public health importance in different sources of drinking water. According to WHO guidelines, there should be zero tolerance of these organisms in water.

关键词： Acute Watery Diarrhea Parasites Pathogens

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A Survey on Biosafety Practices in Lab Personnel in 12 Selected Areas of Karachi,Pakistan

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Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity 2019年第1期1卷 68-72页

作者： Shafiq Ahmad Barkat Ali Shabnam Khan Anum Fatima Muhammad Saeed Ali Asghar Syeda Sadaf Akber Rakhshanda Baqai shahana urooj kazmi Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology Dadabhoy Institute of Higher EducationKarachiPakistan

The objective of this study was to realize the degree of biosafety precautions and measures recorded among different Private Hospitals and Diagnostic labs personnel situated in different areas of Karachi,*** thirty two private hospital based laboratory technicians were selected from all 12 selected areas in *** laboratory technicians were interviewed then a survey form was completed by the *** survey was conducted in 3 months duration from May 2017 to July *** total number of members in this study was 132,of which 85 were males and 47 were *** presented that 65%of the laboratory technicians did not use any type of PPE and 35%of the respondents recapped used syringes frequently while 25%recapped *** avoiding the reuse of syringes,Pakistani governments recommend that they be cut before discarding;however,only 65%of the respondents followed the given *** though mouth pipetting is considered outdated,45%of the technicians continue to do so for numerous *** of this survey established an absence of awareness about good and proper lab practices and lab biosafety measures among lab technicians in Karachi,Pakistan.

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance Extended spectrum beta lactamase(ESBL) Urinary tract infections(UTIs) Gram negative bacteria(GNB)

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Microbial Agents Responsible for Diarrheal Infections in Flood Victims: A Study from Karachi, Pakistan

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2014年第2期4卷 106-114页

作者： Shazia Tabassum Hakim Farkhanda Afaque Sumaira Javed shahana urooj kazmi Sayyada Ghufrana Nadeem I.I.D.R.Lab. Department of Microbiology University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan Mycology Research & Reference Laboratory Department of Microbiology Jinnah University for Women Karachi Pakistan Virology & Tissue Culture Laboratory Department of Microbiology Jinnah University for Women Karachi Pakistan

The present study was aimed to determine the frequency of water borne diarrheal infections and gastroenteritis in two of the flood affected camps of Karachi and nearby areas. Each year approximately, 579,732 people are adversely affected by this phenomenon, putting Pakistan 9th in terms of flood-affected countries worldwide. Patients and Methods: All patients suffering from diarrhea (more than 3 stools per day for the last 2 days), abdominal pain, vomiting or fever who were residing in the camps were included in the study. After taking consent, a fresh stool sample for D/R and C/S, and 5 ml of venous blood sample for CP and ALT and other viral markers were collected from each patient suffering from any of the symptoms like jaundice, diarrhea, vomiting, fever and abdominal pain during past 2-3 days. Direct microscopy of the stools was done to see any protozoal or bacterial infection. Culture of stool was also set up simultaneously. Hemoglobin % age was noted for each patient. Serology of Hepatitis E and A virus using ELISA (Anti HEV-IgM, and anti HAV IgM) was done in those with more than 2 times raised ALT level. Results: A total of 500 samples collected from refugee camps of flood affected areas near Karachi were included in this study. All patients were mal nourished, having below normal Hb% ages, and were suspected cases or patients of diarrhea with elevated ALT (Alanine Transaminase) values. Occult blood was found positive in 40% (200) specimens;protozoa were also seen i.e., trophozoit stage of Giardia lamblia in 45% (225) of specimens;Entamoeba coli in 95% (475) and Balantidium coli in 20% (100) of stool specimens, while cyst forms of Entamoeba histolytica were present in 35% (175) specimens. Bacteriological analysis showed high bacterial prevalence of E. coli with 63% (315), followed by Enterobacter specie with 55% (275), then 20% (100) and 12% (60) of Klebseilla oxytoca and Klebseilla pneumoniae respectively. Proteus vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii found in

关键词： Flood Camps Diarrhea Mal Nourishment General Awareness Sanitation

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Hepatitis C Status in Karachi, Pakistan, a Five-Year Survey at Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2015年第11期6卷 797-804页

作者： Ghulam Fatima Shehla Shaheen Anam Razzak Suresh Kumar M. Saeed Quraishy shahana urooj kazmi Immunology and Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan Civil Hospital Karachi Karachi Pakistan Department of Pharmacology Ziauddin Medical College Ziauddin University Karachi Pakistan Department of Clinical Microbiology Dada Bhoy Institute of Higher Education Karachi Pakistan

Hepatitis C virus is associated with Hepatitis C which can be acute or chronic. Acute hepatitis C is usually short term illness that can lead to chronic infection, while chronic hepatitis C is a chronic liver disease leading to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and even death. The mode of transmission is mainly parenteral and vertical. Hepatitis C is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality and a serious public health problem, worldwide as well as in Pakistan. There is no vaccine available for hepatitis C so the only way to prevent hepatitis C is by changing behaviors which can spread the disease. Pakistan is also facing a huge burden of this disease. In Pakistan, the frequency of hepatitis C virus infection ranges from 8% - 15% in the general population with variations in different parts of the country. The general method of detecting infection with HCV is to observe the presence of antibodies to the virus. The aim of this study was to determine frequency of hepatitis C among general population and to see the increasing frequency in our part. Selection of Patients: All patients visiting outpatient clinics, Hepatitis clinic and indoor patients at Civil Hospital Karachi, Pakistan from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2014 were screened for anti HCV. Methods: Blood samples were collected from the patients in Red Topped vaccutainers and allowed to clot, then centrifuged and serum was screened for anti HCV by Immunochromatography (ICT) method. Results: A total of 156,990 patients were screened for anti-HCV, 23,511 (14.98%) patients were reported positive. During the year 2010, total 11,058 patients were screened for anti HCV, 1791 (16%) were positive, while in the year 2011 total 26,921 were screened and 3908 (14.5%) were positive, during the year 2012, total 23,321 were screened, 3036 (14%) were positive, in the year 2013 we screened total 40,483 patients 6070 (15%) were positive, while in 2014, total 55,484 patients were screened and 8584 were positive (15.5%). T

关键词： HCV Anti-HCV Immunochromatography

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Fentanyl and xylazine crisis:Crafting coherent strategies for opioid overdose prevention

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第6期14卷 760-766页

作者： Lakshit Jain Jasleen Kaur shahana Ayub Danya Ansari Rizwan Ahmed Abdul Qadir Dada Saeed Ahmed Department of Psychiatry University of ConnecticutFarmingtonCT 06032United States Addiction Services Division Connecticut Valley HospitalMiddletownCT 06457United States Department of Psychiatry Institute of LivingHartfordCT 06102United States Department of Medicine Islamabad Medical and Dental CollegeIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Medicine Liaquat College of Medicine and DentistryKarachi 75290Pakistan Department of Medicine Trinity School of MedicineRoswellGA 30075United States Addiction Services and Dual Diagnosis Unit Saint Francis Hospital and Medical CenterHartfordCT 06105United States

The United States is in the throes of a severe opioid overdose epidemic,primarily fueled by the pervasive use of fentanyl and the emerging threat of xylazine,a veterinary sedative often mixed with *** high potency and long duration of fentanyl is compounded by the added risks from xylazine,heightening the lethal danger faced by opioid *** such as enhanced surveillance,public awareness campaigns,and the distribution of fentanylxylazine test kits,and naloxone have been undertaken to mitigate this ***-related overdose deaths persist despite these efforts,partly due to inconsistent policies across states and resistance towards adopting harm reduction strategies.A multifaceted approach is imperative in effectively combating the opioid overdose *** approach should include expansion of treatment access,broadening the availability of medications for opioid use disorder,implementation of harm reduction strategies,and enaction of legislative reforms and diminishing stigma associated with opioid use disorder.

关键词： Fentanyl Xylazine Opioid overdose Epidemic Opioid use disorder Buprenorphine Medications for opioid use disorder

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Serum Immunoglobulin Concentrations in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Cases during Active and Inactive Disease States

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Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 49-59页

作者： Sajib Muhammad Rayhan Kamrul Laila shahana A. Rahman Consultant (Paediatrics) Kalkini Upazila Health Complex Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Paediatrics Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Paediatrics (on PRL) Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh

Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in children. Both the humoral and cell mediated immunities are involved in the pathogenesis of JIA. It is reported that overall immunoglobulin levels in JIA patients are significantly higher than their control during the active state of disease. Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 18 months All the newly diagnosed oligo-articular and poly-articular JIA patients having active disease were included by purposive sampling. Data were collected by a semi-structured predesigned questionnaire. Result: Most of the study subjects (57.6%) belonged to age group > 3 - 9 years. Oligo JIA was diagnosed in 66.7% and poly JIA in 33.3% of JIA children. The difference in mean (±SD) ESR (33.52 ± 21.29 and 15.09 ± 7.71 mm in 1st hour) at active and inactive states was highly significant. Mean (±SD) difference of IgG, IgM and IgA in active and inactive states of disease were highly significant. Conclusion: Higher and abnormal levels of immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, and IgA) were present among JIA patients in active disease state which became normal during inactive disease state after treatment.

关键词： JIA Oligoarticular JIA Polyarticular JIA Immunoglobulins Acitive Disease Inactive Disease

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Antituberculosis and cytotoxic activities of triorganotin(Ⅳ) complexes

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2012年第6期23卷 731-735页

作者： Hidayat Hussain NaziaBibi Ahmed Al-Harrasi Salman Siddiqi shahana U. kazmi Ying Zhang Amin Badshah Department of Chemisty University of Paderborn 33098 Paderborn Germany Department of Biological Siences and Chemistry College of Arts and Sciences University of Nizwa Oman Immnology and Infectious Disease Research Laboratory Department of Microbiology University of＂ Karachi Pakistan Department of Molecular Muclvbiology and Immunology Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21205 USA Becton Dickinson Diagnostic Systems Sparks MD 21152 USA Department of Chemistry Quaid-e-Azam University lslamabad 45320 Pakistan

Five triorganotin（IV）（1-5） complexes of cinnamic acid, （Z）-2-acetamido-3-phenylacrylic acid, 3-methylbut-2-enoic acid, and 2,2-diphenylacetic acid have been synthesized and characterized by IH-13C-119Sn NMR, UV, and IR. The spectroscopic investigation demonstrated that the carboxylate group acts as a monodentate ligand in triorganotin（IV） compounds. Five triorganotin（IV） complexes were screened against the log phase culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv by colorimetric method using XTT dye as growth indicator. The MICs were found to he 0.08 and 1.25μg/mL.

关键词： Triorganotin(IV) complexes Antituberculosis activity MICs Cytotoxicity

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Optimizing Service Stipulation Uncertainty with Deep Reinforcement Learning for Internet Vehicle Systems

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 5705-5721页

作者： Zulqar Nain B.shahana Shehzad Ashraf Chaudhry P.Viswanathan M.S.Mekala Sung Won Kim Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan-siKorea Department of Computer Science and Engineering KLEFIndia Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureIstanbul Gelisim UniversityIstanbul34310Turkey School of Computer Science and Engineering VIT UniversityVelloreIndia

Fog computing brings computational services near the network edge to meet the latency constraints of cyber-physical System(CPS)*** devices enable limited computational capacity and energy availability that hamper end user *** designed a novel performance measurement index to gauge a device’s resource *** examination addresses the offloading mechanism issues,where the end user(EU)offloads a part of its workload to a nearby edge server(ES).Sometimes,the ES further offloads the workload to another ES or cloud server to achieve reliable performance because of limited resources(such as storage and computation).The manuscript aims to reduce the service offloading rate by selecting a potential device or server to accomplish a low average latency and service completion time to meet the deadline constraints of sub-divided *** this regard,an adaptive online status predictive model design is significant for prognosticating the asset requirement of arrived services to make float ***,the development of a reinforcement learning-based flexible x-scheduling(RFXS)approach resolves the service offloading issues,where x=service/resource for producing the low latency and high performance of the *** approach to the theoretical bound and computational complexity is derived by formulating the system efficiency.A quadratic restraint mechanism is employed to formulate the service optimization issue according to a set ofmeasurements,as well as the behavioural association rate and adulation *** system managed an average 0.89%of the service offloading rate,with 39 ms of delay over complex scenarios(using three servers with a 50%service arrival rate).The simulation outcomes confirm that the proposed scheme attained a low offloading uncertainty,and is suitable for simulating heterogeneous CPS frameworks.

关键词： Fog computing task allocation measurement models feasible node selection methods performance metrics

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