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Weathering and accumulation of trace elements in the soils of the Porali Plain, Balochistan: repercussions in agriculture

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第2期43卷 214-234页

作者： Maria Kaleem Erum Bashir Shahid Naseem Tahir Rafique Bushra shahab Department of Geology University of KarachiKarachi 75270Pakistan Applied Chemistry Research Centre PCSIR Laboratories ComplexKarachi 75280Pakistan

This study is theﬁrst attempt to assess the nature of the soil,especially on the western side of the Porali Plain in Balochistan;a new emerging agriculture hub,using weathering and pollution indices supplemented by multi-variate analysis based on geochemical data.The outcomes of this study are expected to help farmers in soil manage-ment and selecting suitable crops for the region.Twenty-ﬁve soil samples were collected,mainly from the arable land of the Porali Plain.After drying and coning-quarter-ing,soil samples were analyzed for major and trace ele-ments using the XRF technique;sieving and hydrometric methods were employed for granulometric analysis.Esti-mated data were analyzed using Excel,SPSS,and Surfer software to calculate various indices,correlation matrix,and spatial distribution.The granulometric analysis showed that 76%of the samples belonged to loam types of soil,12%to sand type,and 8%to silt type.Weathering indices:CIA,CIW,PIA,PWI,WIP,CIX,and ICV were calculated to infer the level of alteration.These indices reﬂect mod-erate to intense weathering;supported by K_(2)O/AI_(2)O_(3),Rb/K_(2)O,Rb/Ti,and Rb/Sr ratios.Assessment of the geo-ac-cumulation and Nemerow Pollution indices pinpoint rela-tively high concentrations of Pb,Ni,and Cr concentration in the soils.The correlation matrix and Principal Compo-nent Analysis show that the soil in this study area is mainly derived from the weathering of igneous rocks of Bela Ophiolite(Cretaceous age)and Jurassic sedimentary rocks of Mor Range having SEDEX/MVT type mineralization.Weathering may result in the undesirable accumulation of certain trace elements which adversely affects crops.

关键词： Weathering indices Pollution indices Accumulation Repercussions Trace elements Multivariate analyses Porali Plain Balochistan

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Evolution of biomass particles during pelletization process

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Particuology 2024年第3期86卷 182-187页

作者： Hamid Rezaei Maryam Tajilrou Jun Sian Lee Kanages Singaraveloo Anthony Lau shahab Sokhansanj Biomass and Bioenergy Research Group Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada

Pulverizing is an essential unit operation in co-firing biomass with coal.Pulverizers are only compatible with pellet forms of fibrous biomass materials and crush them down to their original forming particle sizes.That is why the data on the size distribution of the particles forming a biomass pellet is crucial to achieving optimum combustion conditions.The current study determines the internal particle size distribution of pellets after wet disintegration,following Iso 17830 standard,and aims to suggest improvements to the mentioned standard based on new measured evidence.Experiments were carried out on white wood pellets(no bark)and brown wood pellets containing bark at four water temperatures:20,40,60,and 95℃,with or without stirring.The particle size distribution of the pre-pelletizer wood particles was also measured and compared with particles in the formed pellets.Ambient water temperature of 20℃ was found to be adequate for the complete disintegration of pellets,and no mechanical stirring was required.About 30% of particles in the disintegrated pellets were 0.5-1.0 mm.Pelletization changes the particle size distribution to smaller particles.The disintegrated bark pellets contained more fines than white pellets.

关键词： Wood pellets Particle sizes distribution Wet disintegration Stirring Water temperature

Chronic effects of stretching on range of motion with consideration of potential moderating variables:A systematic review with meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 186-194页

作者： Andreas Konrad shahab Alizadeh Abdolhamid Daneshjoo Saman Hadjizadeh Anvar Andrew Graham Ali Zahiri Reza Goudini Chris Edwards Carina Scharf David George Behm Institute of Human Movement Science Sport and HealthGraz UniversityGraz A-8010Austria School of Human Kinetics and Recreation Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John’sNL A1C 5S7Canada Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises Faculty of Sport SciencesShahid Bahonar University of KermanKerman 76169-13439Iran

Background:It is well known that stretch training can induce prolonged increases in joint range of motion(ROM).However,to date more information is needed regarding which training variables might have greater influence on improvements in flexibility.Thus,the purpose of this metaanalysis was to investigate the effects of stretch training on ROM in healthy participants by considering potential moderating variables,such as stretching technique,intensity,duration,frequency,and muscles stretched,as well as sex-specific,age-specific,and/or trained state-specific adaptations to stretch training.Methods:We searched through PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and SportDiscus to find eligible studies and,finally,assessed the results from 77 studies and 186 effect sizes by applying a random-effect meta-analysis.Moreover,by applying a mixed-effect model,we performed the respective subgroup analyses.To find potential relationships between stretch duration or age and effect sizes,we performed a meta-regression.Results:We found a significant overall effect,indicating that stretch training can increase ROM with a moderate effect compared to the controls(effect size=-1.002;Z=-12.074;95%confidence interval:-1.165 to-0.840;p<0.001;I^(2)=74.97).Subgroup analysis showed a significant difference between the stretching techniques(p=0.01)indicating that proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and static stretching produced greater ROM than did ballistic/dynamic stretching.Moreover,there was a significant effect between the sexes(p=0.04),indicating that females showed higher gains in ROM compared to males.However,further moderating analysis showed no significant relation or difference.Conclusion:When the goal is to maximize ROM in the long term,proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation or static stretching,rather than ballistic/dynamic stretching,should be applied.Something to consider in future research as well as sports practice is that neither volume,intensity,nor frequency of stretching were found to play a significant role in ROM yields.

关键词： Flexibility Long-term stretching Stretch training

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Cytokine- and chemokine-induced inflammatory colorectal tumor microenvironment: Emerging avenue for targeted therapy

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Cancer Communications 2022年第8期42卷 689-715页

作者： Ajaz A.Bhat Sabah Nisar Mayank Singh Bazella Ashraf Tariq Masoodi Chandra P.Prasad Atul Sharma Selma Maacha Thasni Karedath Sheema Hashem Syed Besina Yasin Puneet Bagga Ravinder Reddy Michael P.Frennaux shahab uddin Punita Dhawan Mohammad Haris Muzafar A.Macha Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Cancer Research DepartmentSidra MedicineDoha 26999Qatar Department of Medical Oncology Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer HospitalAll India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS)New Delhi 110029India Department of Biotechnology School of Life SciencesCentral University of KashmirGanderbalJammu&Kashmir 191201India Division of Translational Medicine Research BranchSidra MedicineDoha 26999Qatar Genomics Core Facility QBRIQatar FoundationDoha 34110Qatar Department of Pathology Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical SciencesSrinagarJammu&Kashmir 190011India Department of Diagnostic Imaging St.Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine Department of RadiologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Academic Health System Hamad Medical CorporationDoha 3050Qatar Translational Research Institute Hamad Medical CorporationDoha 3050Qatar Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198USA Laboratory Animal Research Center Qatar UniversityDoha 2713Qatar Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine Islamic University of Science and TechnologyAwantiporaJammu&Kashmir 192122India

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a predominant life-threatening cancer,with liver and peritoneal metastases as the primary causes of death.Intestinal inflammation,a known CRC risk factor,nurtures a local inflammatory environment enriched with tumor cells,endothelial cells,immune cells,cancer-associated fibroblasts,immunosuppressive cells,and secretory growth factors.The complex interactions of aberrantly expressed cytokines,chemokines,growth factors,and matrix-remodeling enzymes promote CRC pathogenesis and evoke systemic responses that affect disease outcomes.Mounting evidence suggests that these cytokines and chemokines play a role in the progression of CRC through immunosuppression and modulation of the tumor microenvironment,which is partly achieved by the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells.These cells impart features such as cancer stem cell-like properties,drug resistance,invasion,and formation of the premetastatic niche in distant organs,promoting metastasis and aggressive CRC growth.A deeper understanding of the cytokineand chemokine-mediated signaling networks that link tumor progression and metastasis will provide insights into the mechanistic details of disease aggressiveness and facilitate the development of novel therapeutics for CRC.Here,we summarized the current knowledge of cytokine-and chemokine-mediated crosstalk in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment,which drives immunosuppression,resistance to therapeutics,and metastasis during CRC progression.We also outlined the potential of this crosstalk as a novel therapeutic target for CRC.The major cytokine/chemokine pathways involved in cancer immunotherapy are also discussed in this review.

关键词： chemokine colorectal cancer cytokine drug resistance epithelial-mesenchymal transition immunosuppression immunotherapy inflammation metastasis tumor microenvironment

Amyloid-beta and tau protein beyond Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1262-1276页

作者： Morteza Abyadeh Vivek Gupta Joao A.Paulo Arezoo Gohari Mahmoudabad Sina Shadfar shahab Mirshahvaladi Veer Gupta Christine T.O.Nguyen David I.Finkelstein Yuyi You Paul A.Haynes Ghasem H.Salekdeh Stuart L.Graham Mehdi Mirzaei ProGene Technologies Pty Ltd. 2. Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences Macquarie Medical School Macquarie University Department of Cell Biology Harvard Medical School School of Medicine Deakin University Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences School of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences University of Melbourne The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health The University of Melbourne School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University

The aggregation of amyloid-beta peptide and tau protein dysregulation are implicated to play key roles in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis and are considered the main pathological hallmarks of this devastating disease. Physiologically, these two proteins are produced and expressed within the normal human body. However, under pathological conditions, abnormal expression, posttranslational modifications, conformational changes, and truncation can make these proteins prone to aggregation, triggering specific disease-related cascades. Recent studies have indicated associations between aberrant behavior of amyloid-beta and tau proteins and various neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as retinal neurodegenerative diseases like Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. Additionally, these proteins have been linked to cardiovascular disease, cancer, traumatic brain injury, and diabetes, which are all leading causes of morbidity and mortality. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of the connections between amyloid-beta and tau proteins and a spectrum of disorders.

关键词： amyloid-beta cancer cardiovascular diseases diabetes neurodegeneration Tau traumatic brain injury

Constitutional Mismatch Repair-Deficiency Syndrome Is a Rare Cause of Cancer Even in a Highly Consanguineous Population

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2013年第5期4卷 996-1004页

作者： Rong Bu Abdul K. Siraj Prashant Bavi Asim Belgaumi shahab uddin Fowzan S. Alkuraya Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center Riyadh Saudi Arabia 3De- partment of Pathology King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center Riyadh Saudi Arabia Developmental Genetics Unit Department of Genetics King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center Riyadh Saudi Arabia Human Cancer Genomic Research Research Center King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Cancer Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Biallelic germline mutations in the mismatch repair genes, including MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 or PMS2, lead to a recessive constitutional mismatch repair-deficiency (CMMR-D) syndrome characterized by early onset malignancies in children and young adults. Because consanguinity unmasks autosomal recessive disorders, we hypothesized that the frequency of CMMR-D is inflated in the highly consanguineous population of Saudi Arabia. In this study, 371 pediatric and young adult?patient samples from Saudi Arabia that cover the tumor spectrum of CMMR-D syndrome were analyzed for biallelic germline mutations in the MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 with the use of direct genomic sequencing. However, none of the 371 patients involved in the study was found to have biallelic pathological mutations of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 or PMS2. This result indicates that CMMR-D is exceptionally rare among pediatric cancer patients and adult early onset cancer patients, even in the highly consanguineous Saudi population. Our findings suggest that larger cohorts will be needed, particularly in outbred populations, to determine the frequency of CMMR-D and that routine screening for this syndrome among cancer patients is not warranted.

关键词： Constitutional Mismatch Repair-Deficiency (CMMR-D) Lynch Syndrome (LS) MLH1 MSH2 MSH6 and PMS2 Biallelic Germline Mutations

Effect of Lactate on Epigenetic Regulation in the Development of Hepatitis B Virus-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第5期10卷 786-787页

作者： shahab Mahmoudvand Somayeh Shokri Research Center for Molecular Medicine Department of VirologySchool of MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran

Dear Editor,Hepatitis B virus(HBV)is a hepatotropic virus that can establish a persistent and chronic infection in humans.Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)infection is associated with an increased risk of hepatic decompensation,cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma.1 Emerging studies show that lactate,an end product of anaerobic glycolysis,has an important role in metabolism beyond energy production and is also a regulator of the tumor microenvironment(TME)and immune cell function.2 It is noteworthy that lactate levels have been associated with mortality in patients,and large HBV surface proteins(LHBs)have been shown to reduce Pyruvate kinase M2(PKM2)activity and thereby increase overall glucose consumption and lactate production in hepatocytes.

关键词： Carcinoma metabolism infection

A computational fluid dynamics investigation of a novel flooded-bed dust scrubber with vibrating mesh

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2022年第3期32卷 525-537页

作者： Zhaokuan Lu Aishwarya Rath Seyed Hassan Amini Aaron Noble Shima shahab Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA Department of Mining Engineering West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV 26506USA Department of Mining and Minerals Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA

This work proposes a vibrating mesh screen as an alternative to the static mesh screen currently used in conventional flooded-bed dust scrubbers for removing airborne coal mine dust in the continuous mining environment.Fundamental assessments suggest that a vibrating screen may improve the dust collection efficiency of scrubber systems and mitigate the clogging issues associated with the conventional design.To evaluate this hypothesis,computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations were carried out to assess the effects of vibration conditions(i.e.,frequency and amplitude)on the dust particle-mesh interaction and mesh wetting conditions,which are the two decisive factors in determining the dust collection efficiency.The results suggest that the vibrating mesh screen can enhance dust particle collision opportunities on the mesh and increase mesh wetted area as compared to the static mesh screen.The effects of mesh screen aperture,coal dust concentration,and spray nozzle flow rate on the performance of the vibrating mesh are also evaluated.Finally,a simplified three-phase flow simulation including airflow,dust particles,and water droplet spray is performed,and the results reflect a significant improvement of dust collection efficiency in the liquid-coated vibrating mesh screen.

关键词： Dust control Air filtration Flooded-bed scrubber Vibrating mesh filter Continuous miner Computational fluid dynamics Multiphase flow

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Transforming Hand Drawn Wireframes into Front-End Code with Deep Learning

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第9期72卷 4303-4321页

作者： Saman Riaz Ali Arshad shahab S.Band Amir Mosavi Department of Computer Science National University of TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science Institute of Space TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan Future Technology Research Center National Yunlin University of Science and TechnologyDouliu64002YunlinTaiwan Faculty of Civil Engineering Technische Universitat DresdenDresden 01069Germany

The way towards generating a website front end involves a designersettling on an idea for what kind of layout they want the website to have, thenproceeding to plan and implement each aspect one by one until they haveconverted what they initially laid out into its Html front end form, this processcan take a considerable time, especially considering the first draft of the designis traditionally never the final one. This process can take up a large amountof resource real estate, and as we have laid out in this paper, by using a Modelconsisting of various Neural Networks trained on a custom dataset. It can beautomated into assisting designers, allowing them to focus on the other morecomplicated parts of the system they are designing by quickly generating whatwould rather be straightforward busywork. Over the past 20 years, the boomin how much the internet is used and the sheer volume of pages on it demands ahigh level of work and time to create them. For the efficiency of the process, weproposed a multi-model-based architecture on image captioning, consisting ofConvolutional neural network (CNN) and Long short-term memory (LSTM)models. Our proposed approach trained on our custom-made database can beautomated into assisting designers, allowing them to focus on the other morecomplicated part of the system. We trained our model in several batches overa custom-made dataset consisting of over 6300 files and were finally able toachieve a Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) score for a batch of 50hand-drawn images at 87.86%.

关键词： Deep learning wireframes front-end low fidelity high fidelity design process html computer vision dsl