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BoMyrosinase plays an essential role in sulforaphane accumulation in response to selenite treatment in broccoli

Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第2期10卷 488-502页

作者： Qiuyun wu Qi wu Yuxiao Tian Chunyan zhou Shuxiang Mao Junwei Wang Ke Huang College of Horticulture Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunan 410128China Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding Ministry of EducationChangshaHunan 410128China Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province ChangshaHunan 410128China Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of gene Resources of Horticultural Crops Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of ChinaChangshaHunan 410128China

Sulforaphane, a naturally specialized metabolite, plays significant roles in human disease prevention and plant defense. Myrosinase(MY) is a key gene responsible for the catalysis of sulforaphane formation, but the molecular mechanisms through which MY regulates sulforaphane biosynthesis in plants remains largely unknown. Here, we discovered that the change of sulforaphane content in broccoli sprouts caused by exogenous selenite treatments is positively related to BoMY expression. BoMY overexpression in the Arabidopsis thaliana tgg1 mutants could dramatically increase myrosinase activity and sulforaphane content in the rosette leaves of 35S::BoMY/tgg1 and rescue its ***, an obvious increase of myrosinase activity and sulforaphane content was displayed in transgenic BoMY-overexpressed broccoli *** addition, a 2 033 bp promoter fragment of BoMY was isolated. Yeast one-hybrid(Y1H) library screening experiment uncovered that one bHLH transcription factor, BoFAMA, could directly bind to BoMY promoter to activate its expression, which was further evidenced by Y1H assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay. BoFAMA is a selenite-responsive transcription factor that is highly expressed in broccoli leaves;its protein is solely localized to nucleus. Additionally, genetic evidence suggested that the knockdown of FAMA gene in Arabidopsis thaliana could significantly decrease sulforaphane yield by inhibiting the expression of myrosinase genes. Interestingly, exogenous selenite supply could partially restore the low level of sulforaphane content in transgenic Arabidopsis FAMA-silencing plants. Our findings uncover a novel function of FAMAMY module in the regulation of selenite-mediated sulforaphane synthesis and provide a new insights into the molecular mechanism by which selenite regulates the accumulation of sulforaphane in plants.

关键词： Brassica oleracea var.italica Myrosinase BoMY Sulforaphane Selenite treatment

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Experimental quantum state compression from two identical qubits to a qutrit

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第7期67卷 1-5页

作者： Qiao Xu Lin-Xiang zhou Tian-Feng Feng sha.g-Feng Qiu Si-wu Li wu-Ji Zhang Hui Luo Xiao-Qi zhou State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and School of Physics Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510000China Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088China

In the realm of modern information technology,data compression technology occupies a pivotal *** advancements in quantum information technology,the need to compress large-scale qubits ensembles has become urgent,aiming to reduce the demand on quantum storage ***,existing quantum state compression schemes generally face a limitation:the particles before and after compression must reside in the same dimensional *** specific scenarios,compressing qubits into particles of higher dimensions not only enhances the efficiency of quantum state compression but also further reduces the usage of quantum storage *** we experimentally demonstrated a quantum state compression between particles of different dimensions,successfully compressing two qubits into a single *** average fidelity of the resulting qutrit with the ideal quantum state is *** study may have potential applications in future quantum information,such as increasing quantum communication bandwidth and reducing storage resource consumption in quantum computing.

关键词： quantum state compression quantum information technology optics

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Selenocysteine methyltransferase SMT catalyzed the synthesis of Se-methylselenocysteine to regulate the accumulation of glucosinolates and sulforaphane in broccoli

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第5期10卷 1151-1164页

作者： Qi wu Junwei Wang Yuxiao Tian Chunyan zhou Shuxiang Mao Qiuyun wu Ke Huang College of Horticulture Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunan 410128China Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding Ministry of EducationChangshaHunan 410128China Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province ChangshaHunan 410128China

Selenocysteine methyltransferase(SMT)is a key enzyme involved in the Se metabolism pathway,and it is responsible for the catalysis of Se-methylselenocysteine(SeMSC)compound *** studies showed that selenium treatment activated SMT expression and promoted the accumulation of glucosinolates(gSLs)and sulforaphane,but the roles and functional mechanisms of SMT in mediating gSLs and sulforaphane synthesis remain *** this study,we identified the BoSMT gene in broccoli and uncovered its roles in mediating gSLs *** assays revealed that BoSMT is involved in SeMSC biosynthesis in *** importantly,the contents of gSLs and sulforaphane were significantly increased in the BoSMT-overexpressing broccoli lines but decreased in the knockdown lines,suggesting that BoSMT played a positive role in regulating gSLs and sulforaphane *** evidence indicated that BoSMT-mediated overaccumulation of gSLs and sulforaphane might be due to the increase in the endogenous SeMSC *** with the mock(water)treatment,selenite-induced significantly increases of the SeMSC content in the BoSMT-knockdown plants partially compensated the phenotype of gSLs and sulforaphane *** with the mock treatment,exogenous SeMSC treatment significantly increased the contents of gSL and sulforaphane and activated gSL synthesis-related gene expression,suggesting that SeMSC acted as a positive regulator for gSL and sulforaphane *** findings provided novel insights into selenium-mediated gSLs and sulforaphane *** genetic manipulation of BoSMT might be a useful strategy for improving the dietary nutritional values of broccoli.

关键词： Selenocysteine methyltransferase Transgenic broccoli Se-methylselenocysteine glucosinolate sulforaphane Selenium

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Black-box membership inference attacks based on shadow model

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2024年第4期31卷 1-16页

作者： Han Zhen zhou Wen'an Han Xiaoxuan wu Jie School of Computer Science Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China

Membership inference attacks on machine learning models have drawn significant *** current research primarily utilizes shadow modeling techniques,which require knowledge of the target model and training data,practical scenarios involve black-box access to the target model with no available *** training data further complicate the implementation of these *** this paper,we experimentally compare common data enhancement schemes and propose a data synthesis framework based on the variational autoencoder generative adversarial network(VAE-gAN)to extend the training data for shadow ***,this paper proposes a shadow model training algorithm based on adversarial training to improve the shadow model's ability to mimic the predicted behavior of the target model when the target model's information is *** conducting attack experiments on different models under the black-box access setting,this paper verifies the effectiveness of the VAE-gAN-based data synthesis framework for improving the accuracy of membership inference ***,we verify that the shadow model,trained by using the adversarial training approach,effectively improves the degree of mimicking the predicted behavior of the target *** with existing research methods,the method proposed in this paper achieves a 2%improvement in attack accuracy and delivers better attack performance.

关键词： machine learning membership inference attack shadow model black-box model

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Sensitivity and resistance risk analysis of Didymella bryoniae populations to fluopyram

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第7期23卷 2306-2317页

作者： Zhiwen wu Xiaowei Cai Xuewei Mao Mingguo zhou Yiping Hou College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Fluopyram is an succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors(SDHI)fungicide that has been registered in China to control gummy stem blight(gSB)in watermelons for many ***,whether the field pathogens of gSB are still sensitive to fluopyram or not is ***,we collected 69 Didymella bryoniae isolates from the fields that usually use fluopyram to control gSB to determine the sensitivity *** EC_(50)(50%inhibition effect)values of fluopyram against *** ranged from 0.0691 to 0.3503μg mL^(–1) and the variation factor was *** mean EC_(50) value was(0.1579±0.0669)μg mL^(–1) and the curve of sensitivity was *** resistant strains were found in the isolates,which means that the pathogens were still sensitive to *** minimal inhibition concentration(MIC)of fluopyram against *** was 3μg mL^(–1).Four low-resistant mutants and two medium-resistant mutants were obtained using fungicide taming and the resistance of mutants could be inherited *** growth rate of mutants decreased significantly compared with that of wild-type strains while the biomass of most mutants was similar to that of wild-type *** sensitivity of most resistant mutants to various stresses was increased compared with that of wild-type *** virulence of mutants receded except for low-resistant mutant XN51FR-1,which had the same lesion area as XN51 on the watermelon *** results indicated that the fitness of resistant mutants was decreased compared with that of wild-type *** cross-resistance assay indicated that fluopyram-resistant mutants were positive cross-resistant to all six SDHI fungicides in this test but were still sensitive to fluazinam and *** the resistance risk of *** to fluopyram was *** addition,we found that the SdhB gene of low-resistant mutant XN30FR-1 had three new point mutations at positions K258N,A259P,and ***-resistant mutant XN52FR-1 showed a mutation at position H277N an

关键词： fluopyram D.bryoniae sensitivity risk assessment

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Effects of temperature and precipitation on drought trends in Xinjiang, China

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第8期16卷 1098-1117页

作者： YANg Jianhua LI Yaqian zhou Lei ZHANg Zhenqing zhou Hongkui wu Jianjun Academy of Eco-civilization Development for Jing-Jin-Ji Megalopolis Tianjin Normal UniversityTianjin 300387China School of geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 100044China Institute of Digital Agriculture Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou 310021China Faculty of geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

The characteristics of drought in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Xinjiang),China have changed due to changes in the spatiotemporal patterns of temperature and precipitation,however,the effects of temperature and precipitation—the two most important factors influencing drought—have not yet been thoroughly explored in this *** this study,we first calculated the standard precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI)in Xinjiang from 1980 to 2020 based on the monthly precipitation and monthly average *** the spatiotemporal characteristics of temperature,precipitation,and drought in Xinjiang from 1980 to 2020 were analyzed using the Theil-Sen median trend analysis method and Mann-Kendall test.A series of SPEI-based scenario-setting experiments by combining the observed and detrended climatic factors were utilized to quantify the effects of individual climatic factor(i.e.,temperature and precipitation).The results revealed that both temperature and precipitation had experienced increasing trends at most meteorological stations in Xinjiang from 1980 to 2020,especially the spring temperature and winter *** to the influence of temperature,trends of intensifying drought have been observed at spring,summer,autumn,and annual *** addition,the drought trends in southern Xinjiang were more notable than those in northern *** 1980 to 2020,temperature trends exacerbated drought trends,but precipitation trends alleviated drought trends in *** meteorological stations in Xinjiang exhibited temperature-dominated drought trend except in winter;in winter,most stations exhibited precipitation-dominated wetting *** findings of this study highlight the importance of the impact of temperature on drought in Xinjiang and deepen the understanding of the factors influencing drought.

关键词： standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI) climate change drought characteristics trend analysis arid area temperature trend contribution analysis

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Metformin alleviates spinal cord injury by inhibiting nerve cell ferroptosis through upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 2041-2049页

作者： Zhihua Wang wu zhou Zhixiong Zhang Lulu Zhang Meihua Li Department of Neurosurgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxi ProvinceChina Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxi ProvinceChina Department of Nephrology Nanchang People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang Medical CollegeNanchangJiangxi ProvinceChina

Previous studies have reported upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 in different central nervous system injury *** oxygenase-1 plays a critical anti-inflammatory role and is essential for regulating cellular redox *** is a classic drug used to treat type 2 diabetes that can inhibit *** studies have shown that,when used to treat cardiovascular and digestive system diseases,metformin can also upregulate heme oxygenase-1 ***,we hypothesized that heme oxygenase-1 plays a significant role in mediating the beneficial effects of metformin on neuronal ferroptosis after spinal cord *** test this,we first performed a bioinformatics analysis based on the gEO database and found that heme oxygenase-1 was upregulated in the lesion of rats with spinal cord ***,we confirmed this finding in a rat model of T9 spinal cord compression injury that exhibited spinal cord nerve cell *** intraperitoneal injection of metformin for 14 days was found to both upregulate heme oxygenase-1 expression and reduce neuronal ferroptosis in rats with spinal cord ***,we used a lentivirus vector to knock down heme oxygenase-1 expression in the spinal cord,and found that this significantly reduced the effect of metformin on ferroptosis after spinal cord *** together,these findings suggest that metformin inhibits neuronal ferroptosis after spinal cord injury,and that this effect is partially dependent on upregulation of heme oxygenase-1.

关键词： acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 ferroptosis glutathione peroxidase 4 heme oxygenase-1 inflammation iron lipid peroxidation metformin neuroprotection spinal cord injury

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“Steric Armor”Strategy of Blue Fluorescent Emitters against Photooxidation-Induced Degradation

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第11期42卷 1223-1229页

作者： sha-sha Wang Jing-Rui Zhang Kuan-De Wang Hao-Ran Li Peng-Hui Meng Yang zhou Xiang Yu Ying Wei Quan-You Feng Yu-He Kan Ling-Hai Xie Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices(CMSOD) State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays&Institute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials(SICAM)Nanjing University of Posts&TelecommunicationsNanjingJiangsu210023 China Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuaiyin Normal UniversityHuai'anJiangsu223300 China

Stability against oxygen is an important factor affecting the performance of organic semiconductor *** photooxidation stability can prolong the service life of the device and maintain the mechanical and photoelectric properties of the ***,various encapsulation methods from molecular structure to macroscopic device level are used to improve photooxidation ***,we adopted a crystallization strategy to allow 14H-spiro[dibenzo[c,h]acridine-7,9′-fluorene](SFDBA)to pack tightly to resist fluorescence decay caused by *** this case,the inert group of SFDBA acts as a“steric armor”,protecting the photosensitive group from being attacked by ***,compared with the fluorescence quenching of SFDBA powder under 2 h of sunlight,SFDBA crystal can maintain its fluorescence emission for more than 8 h under the same ***,the photoluminescence quantum yields(PLQYs)of the crystalline film is 327%higher than that of the amorphous *** shows that the crystallization strategy is an effective method to resist oxidation.

关键词： Organic semiconductor Photooxidation Spirocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Crystal engineering Fluorescence

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Druse Calcite Crystals Formed by Mesoproterozoic Paleo-Earthquake Activity in the Northern Margin of the North China Craton

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 514-524页

作者： Yueshuang Du Zhiguang zhou guosheng Wang Chen wu Wenchao Xu School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing100083China Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift Institute of Tibetan Plateau Researchand Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China No.1 Institute of geological and Mineral Resources Survey Henan Bureau of Geo-Exploration&Mineral DevelopmentLuoyang471000China

The Meso-neoproterozoic Bayan Obo rift is located along the northern margin of the North China Craton,and was associated with the break-up of the Columbia *** rift evolution,syn-sedimentary deformation occurred due to tectonic activity and *** events are recorded in the Jianshan Formation of the Bayan Obo group,Inner Mongolia,as soft sediment deformation structures in the central Bayan Obo *** calcite crystals and collapse breccias in the Jianshan Formation may provide information on the rift *** druse calcite crystals are idiomorphic-columnar in shape and associated with graphite,pyrite,and quartz.δ^(13)C values of the graphite are−20‰,indicative of biogenic deoxygenation and formation in *** druse calcite crystals are inorganic in origin and formed in water at a temperature of 55℃,based on calciteδ^(13)C andδ^(18)O *** calcite grew in paleo-caves containing fault breccias,with heat derived from *** such,the druse calcite crystals are important evidence for seismic *** collapse breccias(i.e.,fault breccias)and other indicators of slip show that displacement occurred from NE to SW,which is different from the paleocurrent direction in the Jianshan *** thickness of the collapse breccia is∼200 m,which represents the height of the fault *** strike of the fault scarp was NE-SW,based on the distribution of the collapse *** Bayan Obo and Yanliao rifts experienced rapid NW-SE extension,and developed similar deformation structures at ca.1.6 ga related to break-up of the Columbia supercontinent.

关键词： North China Craton druse calcite crystals paleo-earthquake activity collapse breccia Bayan Obo rift Proterozoic

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Achieving near-infrared-light-mediated switchable friction regulation on MXene-based double network hydrogels

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Friction 2024年第1期12卷 39-51页

作者： Pengxi wu Cheng ZENg Jinglun gUO guoqiang LIU Feng zhou Weimin LIU Center of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials State Key Laboratory of Solidification ProcessingNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

MXene possesses great potential in enriching the functionalities of hydrogels due to its unique metallic conductivity,high aspect ratio,near-infrared light(NIR light)responsiveness,and wide tunability,however,the poor compatibility of MXene with hydrogels limits further *** this work,we report a uniformly dispersed MXene-functionalized poly-N-isopropylacrylamide(PNIPAM)/poly-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid(PAMPS)double network hydrogel(M–DN hydrogel)that can achieve switchable friction regulation by using the NIR *** dispersity of MXene in hydrogels was significantly improved by incorporating the chitosan(CS)*** M–DN hydrogel showed much low coefficient of friction(COF)at 25℃ due to the presence of hydration layer on hydrogel *** illuminating with the NIR light,M–DN hydrogel with good photothermal effect rapidly raised the temperature to above the lower critical solution temperature(LCST),which led to an obvious increase of surface COF owing to the destruction of the hydration *** addition,M–DN friction control hydrogel showed good recyclability and controllability by tuning“on-off”of the NIR *** work highlights the construction of functional MXene hydrogels for intelligent lubrication,which provides insight for interface sensing,controlled transmission,and flexible robotic arms.

关键词： MXene dispersion photothermal hydrogel near-infrared(NIR)light friction modulation

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