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Nonlinear Extrapolation Estimates of π

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2024年第1期40卷 91-108页

作者： Wen-qing Xu sha-sha Wang Da-chuan Xu Beijing Institute for Scientific and Engineering Computing Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China Department of Mathematics and Statistics California State UniversityLong BeachCalifornia90840USA Department of Mathematics and Physics Shijiazhuang Tiedao UniversityShijiazhuang050043China

The classical Archimedean approximation of π uses the semiperimeter or area of regular polygons inscribed in or circumscribed about a unit circle in R~2 and it is well-known that by using linear combinations of these basic estimates,modern extrapolation techniques can greatly speed up the approximation ***,when n vertices are randomly selected on the circle,the semiperimeter and area of the corresponding random inscribed and circumscribing polygons are known to converge to π almost surely as n→∞,and by further applying extrapolation processes,faster convergence rates can also be achieved through similar linear combinations of the semiperimeter and area of these random *** this paper,we further develop nonlinear extrapolation methods for approximating π through certain nonlinear functions of the semiperimeter and area of such *** focus on two types of extrapolation estimates of the forms χ_n=S_n~αA_n~β and Y_n(p)=(αS_n~p+βA_n~p)~(1/p) where α+β=1,p≠0,and Sn and An respectively represents the semiperimeter and area of a random n-gon inscribed in the unit circle in R~2,and Xn may be viewed as the limit of Y_n(p) when p→*** deriving probabilistic asymptotic expansions with carefully controlled error estimates for Xn and Y_n(p),we show that the choice α=4/3,β=-1/3 minimizes the approximation error in both cases,and their distributions are also asymptotically normal.

关键词： Archimedean polygons random polygons approximations ofπ extrapolation processes asymptotic convergence

Insight into the development of electrolytes for aqueous zinc metal batteries from alkaline to neutral

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第2期35卷 232-241页

作者： An Duan sha Luo Wei Sun School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China

Aqueous zinc metal batteries are considered as promising candidates for next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices,especially for large-scale energy storage,due to the advantages of high-safety,high energy density and low *** the bridge connecting cathode and anode,electrolyte provides a realistic operating *** alkaline and neutral aqueous zinc metal batteries,issues associated with electrolyte and anode are still *** this review,we reveal the development and evolution of electrolytes for aqueous zinc metal batteries from alkaline to neutral via the description of fundamentals and challenges in terms of comparison and *** also elaborate the strategies in electrolytes regulation and highlight the basic roles and progresses in additives engineering.

关键词： Aqueous electrolytes Zinc metal batteries pH-dependent chemistry Electrolyte regulation Additives engineering

The Extended Hybrid Carrier-Based Multiple Access Technology for High Mobility Scenarios

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China Communications 2024年第1期21卷 53-68页

作者： Ge Song Xiaojie Fang Xuejun sha School of Electronics and Information Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

The hybrid carrier(HC)system rooted in the carrier fusion concept is gradually garnering *** this paper,we study the extended hybrid carrier(EHC)multiple access scheme to ensure reliable wireless *** employing the EHC modulation,a power layered multiplexing framework is realized,which exhibits enhanced interference suppression capability owing to the more uniform energy distribution *** implementation method and advantage mechanism are explicated respectively for the uplink and downlink,and the performance analysis under varying channel conditions is *** addition,considering the connectivity demand,we explore the non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)method of the EHC system and develop the EHC sparse code multiple access *** proposed scheme melds the energy spread superiority of EHC with the access capacity of NOMA,facilitating superior support for massive connectivity in high mobility *** results have verified the feasibility and advantages of the proposed *** with existing HC multiple access schemes,the proposed scheme exhibits robust bit error rate performance and can better guarantee multiple access performance in complex scenarios of nextgeneration communications.

关键词： extended hybrid carrier system high mo-Received:Jun.09,2023 Revised:Nov.20,2023 Editor:Yuanwei Liu bility communications multiple access

Establishment of a three-dimensional particle library for graded crushed stone based on a new aggregate morphology characterization method

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第1期11卷 117-130页

作者： Haitao Ge Aimin sha Zhenqiang Han School of Future Transportation Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710064China University of Strasbourg INSA StrasbourgCNRSICubeUMR 7357Strasbourg F-67000France School of Highway Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710064China Key Laboratory for Special Area Highway Engineering of Ministry of Education Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710064China

The morphology of graded crushed stone(GCS)particles has an essential influence on the performance of aggregate *** impact of particle shape is a comprehensive effect that cannot be considered separately,leading to difficulties in establishing the relationship between the mixture properties and the aggregate morphology by using laboratory *** discrete element method(DEM)is an effective way widely adopted to reconstruct the morphology of particles and simulate performance tests of granular ***,selecting limited particles characterizing a real particle-assembly for simulation is still a challenge in current research due to the inherent rich variability of particle *** this study,based on the acquisition of three-dimensional(3D)aggregate shapes by using laser scanning,ellipsoid index(EDI)translating the particle shape as a function of surface area,volume,and contour length is proposed to comprehensively evaluate aggregate ***,a particle library capable of characterizing aggregate morphology distribution is established based on the statistics of the corresponding morphological characteristics of particle *** model reliability is validated by carrying out a series of experimental and numerical penetration tests with nine different *** established particle library can be used to model aggregate mixtures and the proposed simulation framework is promising for optimizing the mixture gradation design numerically.

关键词： Particle library Discrete element method 3D laser scanning Coarse aggregate Morphology characterization Gradation design

An improved interval model updating method via adaptive Kriging models

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第3期45卷 497-514页

作者： sha WEI Yifeng CHEN Hu DING Liqun CHEN shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering Shanghai Frontier Science Center of MechanoinformaticsShanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and MechanicsSchool of Mechanics and Engineering ScienceShanghai UniversityShanghai 200072China shanghai Institute of Aircraft Mechanics and Control Shanghai 200092China

Interval model updating(IMU)methods have been widely used in uncertain model updating due to their low requirements for sample ***,the surrogate model in IMU methods mostly adopts the one-time construction *** makes the accuracy of the surrogate model highly dependent on the experience of users and affects the accuracy of IMU ***,an improved IMU method via the adaptive Kriging models is *** method transforms the objective function of the IMU problem into two deterministic global optimization problems about the upper bound and the interval diameter through universal grey *** optimization problems are addressed through the adaptive Kriging models and the particle swarm optimization(PSO)method to quantify the uncertain parameters,and the IMU is *** the construction of these adaptive Kriging models,the sample space is gridded according to sensitivity *** sampling is then performed in key subspaces based on the maximum mean square error(MMSE)*** interval division coefficient and random sampling coefficient are adaptively adjusted without human interference until the model meets accuracy *** effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by a numerical example of a three-degree-of-freedom mass-spring system and an experimental example of a butted cylindrical *** results show that the updated results of the interval model are in good agreement with the experimental results.

关键词： interval model updating(IMU) non-probabilistic uncertainty adaptive Kriging model surrogate model grey number

Quantifying peripapillary vessel density and retinal nerve fibre layer in type 1 diabetic children without clinically detectable retinopathy using OCTA

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第2期17卷 278-281页

作者： Ling Chen Yun Feng sha-sha Zhang yan-Fang Liu Ping Lin Xi’an Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710002Shaanxi ProvinceChina

AIM:To quantify changes in radial peripapillary capillary vessel density(ppVD)and the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(pRNFL)in children with type 1 diabetes without clinical diabetic retinopathy by optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),providing a basis for early retinopathy in children with type 1 ***:This was a retrospective study.A total of 30 patients(3–14y)with type 1 diabetes without clinical diabetic retinopathy(NDR group)were included.A total of 30 age-matched healthy subjects were included as the normal control group(CON group).The HbA1c level in the last 3mo was measured once in the NDR *** pRNFL thickness and ppVD were automatically measured,and the mean pRNFL and ppVD were calculated in the nasal,inferior,temporal,and superior *** changes in ppVD and pRNFL in the two groups were ***:Compared with CON group,the nasal and superior ppVDs decreased in the NDR group(all P0.05).Person and Spearman correlation analysis of ppVD and pRNFL thickness in each quadrant of the NDR group showed a positive correlation between nasal and superior(all P0.05).There was no significant correlation between the HbA1c level and ppVD and pRNFL in any quadrant(all P>0.05).There was no significant correlation between the course of diabetes mellitus and ppVD and pRNFL in any quadrant(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION:ppVD and pRNFL decrease in eyes of children with type 1 diabetes before clinically detectable retinopathy and OCTA is helpful for early monitoring.

关键词： diabetic retinopathy children peripapillary vessel density peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer optical coherence tomography angiography

Updated roles of the gut microbiota in exploring shrimp etiology, polymicrobial pathogens, and disease incidence

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Zoological Research 2024年第4期45卷 910-923页

作者： Jin-Bo Xiong Hao-Nan sha Jiong Chen State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products School of Marine SciencesNingbo UniversityNingboZhejiang 315211China Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of EducationSchool of Marine SciencesNingbo UniversityNingboZhejiang 315211China Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Marine SciencesNingbo UniversityNingboZhejiang 315211China

Litopenaeus vannamei is the most extensively cultured shrimp species globally,recognized for its scale,production,and economic ***,its aquaculture is plagued by frequent disease outbreaks,resulting in rapid and massive *** research often lags behind the emergence of new diseases,leaving the causal agents of some shrimp diseases unidentified and leading to nomenclature based on symptomatic presentations,especially in cases involving co-and polymicrobial *** data on shrimp disease statuses remain *** this review,we summarize current knowledge on shrimp diseases and their effects on the gut ***,we also propose a workflow integrating primary colonizers,“driver”taxa in gut networks from healthy to diseased states,disease-discriminatory taxa,and virulence genes to identify potential polymicrobial *** examine both abiotic and biotic factors(e.g.,external and internal sources and specific-disease effects)that influence shrimp gut microbiota,with an emphasis on the“holobiome”concept and common features of gut microbiota response to diverse *** excluding the effects of confounding factors,we provide a diagnosis model for quantitatively predicting shrimp disease incidence using disease common-discriminatory taxa,irrespective of the causal *** to the conservation of functional genes used in designing specific primers,we propose a practical strategy applying qPCR-assayed abundances of disease common-discriminatory functional *** review updates the roles of the gut microbiota in exploring shrimp etiology,polymicrobial pathogens,and disease incidence,offering a refined perspective for advancing shrimp aquaculture health management.

关键词： Shrimp disease Gut microbiota Polymicrobial pathogens Diagnosis model Disease common-discriminatory taxa Disease prediction

Lenvatinib combined with sintilimab plus transarterial chemoembolization as first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第2期12卷 285-292页

作者： sha-sha Sun Xiao-Di Guo Wen-Dong Li Jing-Long Chen Department of Oncology Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Ditan HospitalBeijing 100015China

BACKGROUND Recently,combination therapy has shown a better trend towards improved tumour response and survival outcomes than monotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,research on triple therapy[lenvatinib+sintilimab+transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)]as a first-line treatment for advanced HCC is *** To evaluate the safety and efficacy of triple therapy as a first-line treatment for advanced *** HCC patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C treated with triple therapy were *** patients were treated with lenvatinib every day and sintilimab once every 3 ***,TACE was performed every 4-6 wk if *** primary outcome of the study was overall survival(OS).The secondary outcomes were the objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),and incidence of adverse *** Forty HCC patients who underwent triple therapy were retrospectively analysed from January 2019 to January *** a median follow-up of 8.5 months,the 3-,6-,and 12-mo OS rates were 100%,88.5%,and 22.5%,*** ORR and DCR were 45%and 90%,*** median progressive free survival and median OS were not *** complications were observed in 76%of the patients(grade 3,15%;grade 4,2.5%).CONCLUSION Combination therapy comprising lenvatinib,sintilimab and TACE achieved promising outcomes in advanced HCC patients and had manageable effects.

关键词： Lenvatinib Sintilimab Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma Combination therapy Tumor response

Clinical study of different prediction models in predicting diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第1期15卷 43-52页

作者： sha-sha Cai Teng-Ye Zheng Kang-yao Wang Hui-Ping Zhu Department of Nephrology The First People’s Hospital of WenlingWenling 317500Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Among older adults,type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is widely recognized as one of the most prevalent *** nephropathy(DN)is a frequent com-plication of DM,mainly characterized by renal microvascular *** detection,aggressive prevention,and cure of DN are key to improving *** a diagnostic and predictive model for DN is crucial in auxiliary *** To investigate the factors that impact T2DM complicated with DN and utilize this information to develop a predictive *** The clinical data of 210 patients diagnosed with T2DM and admitted to the First People’s Hospital of Wenling between August 2019 and August 2022 were retrospectively *** to whether the patients had DN,they were divided into the DN group(complicated with DN)and the non-DN group(without DN).Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore factors affecting DN in patients with *** data were randomly split into a training set(n=147)and a test set(n=63)in a 7:3 ratio using a random *** training set was used to construct the nomogram,decision tree,and random forest models,and the test set was used to evaluate the prediction performance of the model by comparing the sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,recall,precision,and area under the receiver operating characteristic *** Among the 210 patients with T2DM,74(35.34%)had *** validation dataset showed that the accuracies of the nomogram,decision tree,and random forest models in predicting DN in patients with T2DM were 0.746,0.714,and 0.730,*** sensitivities were 0.710,0.710,and 0.806,respectively;the specificities were 0.844,0.875,and 0.844,respectively;the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of the patients were 0.811,0.735,and 0.850,*** Delong test results revealed that the AUC values of the decision tree model were lower than those of the random forest and nomogram models(P<0.05),whereas the differ

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus Diabetic nephropathy Random forest Decision-making tree Nomogram Forecast