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Differentiated payments for environmental services schemes: A methodology proposal

Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第8期15卷 1693-1710页

作者： Carlos R.AGUILAR-GóMEZ sergio franco-maass Tizbe T.ARTEAGA-REYES Agrolivestock Sciences and Rural Institute Autonomous University of the State of Mexico

Payment schemes for environmental services face serious budget constraints in Mexico. Payments are equally distributed among forest owners, and the governmental agencies that make payments to beneficiaries do not evaluate the amount of environmental services produced by forested areas. This lack of evaluation could lead to economic and environmental deficiencies that restrict the possible benefits of such programmes. In general, these programmes do not achieve their conservation objectives, and local beneficiaries are not involved in the design or application of these programmes. Similarly, the Payments for Hydrological Environmental Services(PHES) programme of the State of Mexico, Mexico, makes equal payments to beneficiaries of forested areas considering tree density. The objective of the present work was to create a methodology for determining differentiated payments schemes for hydrological environmental services, prioritising areas that contribute the most to groundwater recharge and promote the participation of society. In the Nevado de Toluca Natural Protected Area, the environmental criteria of forest type, tree density and aquifer overexploitation as well as social participation were considered in a multi-criteria analysis implemented in a Geographic Information System. A methodology was developed to determine differentiated payments based on specific forest characteristics that influence the potential capacity of forests to recharge groundwater reserves in addition to the level of social participation. In particular, social participation is key as it could ensure the viability of PHES programmes as conservation alternatives in forested areas with high groundwater recharge potential.

关键词： Differentiated payments Environmental services Mountain systems Multi-criteria analysis Social participation

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Effect of human disturbance on the structure and regeneration of forests in the Nevado de Toluca National Park, Mexico

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Journal of Forestry Research 2012年第1期23卷 39-44页

作者： Angel Rolando Endara Agramont sergio franco maass Gabino Nava Bernal Juan Ignacio Valdez Hernández Todd S.Fredericksen Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales(ICAR) Universidad Autónoma del Estado de MéxicoInstituto Literario N°100Col.Centro.PO.Box 50000.TolucaMéxico Colegio de Posgraduados Carretera México-TexcocoKm.36.5Montecillo.PO.Box 56230TexcocoMéxico School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ferrum CollegeP.O.Box 1000Ferrum VA 24088USA

Sample plots were established in the principal forest types in the the Nevado de Toluca National Park, Mexico including those domi- nated by Pinus hartwegii, Abies religiosa, Quercus laurina and Alnus jorullensis. The vertical structure was defined by three strata in the coniferous forests and two strata in the broadleaved forests. Timber harvesting in Abies religiosa and Quercus laurina forests and fires generated by humans in Pinus hartwegii forests impeded the recruitment of saplings. Mature trees were also heavily impacted by logging in Pinus hartwegii forests. On the contrary, Alnusjorullensis forests were increas- ing due to the disturbance of Pinus and Quercus forests, as well aban- doned crop lands within the park. A combination of logging, uncon- trolled fire, and grazing appears to be compromising the recruitment of important tree species in this national park. These factors, together with human settlements, have also increased the proportion of early succes- sional species. Changes in forest structure from human disturbance indicate a need to control these activities if conservation goals are not to be compromised.

关键词： forest structure human disturbance mountain forests

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Analysis of Fragmentation Processes in High-Mountain Forests of the Centre of Mexico

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第3期4卷 697-704页

作者： Angel Rolando Endara-Agramont Rafael Calderón-Contreras Gabino Nava-Bernal sergio franco-maass Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales Toluca México Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana D. F. México México

High-mountain forests (>3500 masl) are the main supplier of environmental services to Mexico City and its metropolitan area. Taking as a study case the Nevado de Toluca National Park, this article focuses on the considerable reduction on the density of its forest cover, characterised by disturbances in the structure and dynamics of Pinus hartwegii. This specie is located towards the upper limits of the altitudinal gradient (3500 - 4100 masl) constituting the only pine species in the world capable to be established in those extreme environmental conditions. The information was collected through the implementation of 30 Sampling Plots (SP) of 20 × 50 mts (1000 m2) in three forest density categories: dense, semi-dense and fragmented. For each forest category, all trees ≥2.5 cm DBH were measured in 10 SPs. The measurement variables were DBH, total and commercial height, forest health and forest extraction. The results show the abundance of dense, semi-dense and fragmented forest (336, 202 and 150 trees/Ha-1), with extraction percentages of 11%, 20% and 33% respectively. The horizontal structure distribution shows the shape of an inverted J for the three conditions. However, the phytosanitary conditions of the semi-dense forests (83% infested trees) and fragmented (63% infested trees), do not guaranties the survival of the adult trees, implying an intensification of the fragmentation process for the next decade;given the reduction of the regeneration patterns due to the lack of healthy tree breeding.

关键词： High-Mountain Forests Fragmentation Forest Structure Forest Health

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模拟电路设计

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作者： (美)sergio franco

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Intestinal dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第33期17卷 3761-3775页

作者： sergio Rutella franco Locatelli Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology IRCCS Children's Hospital"Bambino Gesù"00165 RomeItaly Catholic University Medical School 00168 RomeItaly franco Locatelli University of Pavia27100 PaviaItaly

The gastrointestinal tract harbors a large number and diverse array of commensal bacteria and is an important entry site for *** these reasons,the intestinal immune system is uniquely dedicated to protect against infections,while avoiding the development of destructive inflammatory responses to the *** models have been proposed to explain how the immune system discriminates between,and appropriately responds to,commensal and pathogenic *** cells(DCs)and regulatory T cells(Treg)are instrumental in maintaining immune homeostasis and tolerance in the *** are virtually omnipresent and are remarkably plastic,having the ability to adapt to the influences of the *** DC populations with partially overlapping phenotypic and functional properties have been described in different anatomical *** in the draining mesenteric lymph nodes,in the intestinal lamina propria and in Peyer's patches partake both in the control of intestinal inflammation and in the maintenance of gut *** this respect,gutresident DCs and macrophages exert tolerogenic functions as they regularly encounter and sense commensal *** contrast,migrating DC subsets that are recruited to the gut as a result of pathogenic insults initiate immune ***,tolerogenic DCs act by promoting the differentiation and expansion of Treg cells that efficiently modulate gut inflammation,as shown both in preclinical models of colitis and in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).This article reviews the phenotypic and functional features of gut DC subsets and discusses the current evidence underpinning the DC contribution to the pathogenesis of the major clinical subtypes of human *** also addresses the potential clinical benefit derived from DC targeting either in vivo or in vitro.

关键词： Dendritic cell Tolerance Gut Inflammatory bowel disease Cytokine Regulatory T cells

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Hepatitis C virus-associated neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders:Advances in 2015

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第42期21卷 11974-11983页

作者： Salvatore Monaco Sara Mariotto sergio Ferrari Massimiliano Calabrese Gianluigi Zanusso Alberto Gajofatto Domenico Sansonno franco Dammacco Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences University of Verona Neurologia B Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology University of Bari Medical School

Since its identification in 1989, hepatitis C virus(HCV) has emerged as a worldwide health problem with roughly 185 million chronic infections, representing individuals at high risk of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer. In addition to being a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality due to liver disease, HCV has emerged as an important trigger of lymphoproliferative disorders, owing to its lymphotropism, and of a wide spectrum of extrahepatic manifestations(HCV-EHMs) affecting different organ systems. The most frequently observed HCV-EHMs include mixed cryoglobulinemia and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, nephropathies, thyreopathies, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and several neurological conditions. In addition, neuropsychiatric disorders and neurocognitive dysfunction are reported in nearly 50% of patients with chronic HCV infection, which are independent of the severity of liver disease or HCV replication rates. Fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression and reduced quality of life are commonly associated with neurocognitive alterations in patients with non-cirrhotic chronic HCV infection, regardless of the stage of liver fibrosis and the infecting genotype. These manifestations, which are the topic of this review, typically occur in the absence of structural brain damage or signal abnormalities on conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), although metabolic and microstructural changes can be detected by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, perfusion-weighted and diffusion tensorMRI, and neurophysiological tests of cognitive processing. Several lines of evidence, including comparative and longitudinal neuropsychological assessments in patients achieving spontaneous or treatment-induced viral clearance, support a major pathogenic role for HCV in neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive disorders.

关键词： Extra-hepatic manifestations Hepatitis C virus syn

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RICONFERMA PER LA RISERVA NATURALE TORBIERE DEL SEBINO DELLA NIDIFICAZIONE DI INTERESSANTI SPECIE E PRESUNTA NIDIFICAZIONE DI SCHIRIBILLA(Porzana Parva)

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Natural Disaster Reduction in China 1993年第1期 295-296页

作者： MAZZOTTI sergio MAZZOTTI franco via Monauni 25 25030 COCCAGLIO(Brescia) via

A seguito di regolari osservazioni effettuate nella Riserva Naturale Torbiere delSebino nel corso delle stagioni riproduttive 1992-1993 abbiamo riconfermato la nidi-ficazione di interessanti specie che hanno colonizzato la Riserva nel *** nidificazioni confermano le notevoli potenzialità delle Torbiere per la nidifi-cazione degli uccelli acquatici.

关键词： DI Porzana Parva RICONFERMA PER LA RISERVA NATURALE TORBIERE DEL SEBINO DELLA NIDIFICAZIONE DI INTERESSANTI SPECIE E PRESUNTA NIDIFICAZIONE DI SCHIRIBILLA

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PRIMA NIDIFICAZIONE ACCERTATA DI NITTICORA Nycticorax nycticorax NELLA RISERVA NATURALE《TORBIERE DEL SEBINO》(Brescia)

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Natural Disaster Reduction in China 1993年第1期 297-298页

作者： MAZZOTTI sergio MAZZOTTI franco via Monauni 25 25030 COCCAGLIO(Brescia) via

Nel Paleartico occidentale la specie è distribuita in modo frammentario nellepatti *** l’Italia settentrionale (Padania) è abbondante come esti-vante e nidificante e scarsamente localizzata come svernante,mentre per il restodel territorio nazionale è più scarsa e *** censimento del 1981 venivanostimate 17500 coppie nidificanti in Italia (FASOLA e ALIERI,1992),pari al 41% dellapopolazione *** Lombardia nel 1981 ha ospitato il 56% della popolazioneitaliana e nel 1983-87 sono state occupate 24 garzaie (BRICHETTI e FASOLA,1990).

关键词： La TORBIERE DEL SEBINO PRIMA NIDIFICAZIONE ACCERTATA DI NITTICORA Nycticorax nycticorax NELLA RISERVA NATURALE Brescia

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Pulmonary cryptococcosis in an immunocompetent patient—A case report

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2013年第9期2卷 499-501页

作者： Fernando Morbeck Rafael franco sergio Furlan Marcos Duarte Department of Radiology Heliopolis HospitalSao PauloBrazil

Cryptococcosis is an infection caused by fungi that belong to the genus Cryptococcus. There are several species of Cryptococcus, but two species—Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii—cause nearly all cryptococcal infections in humans. Cryptococcosis is one of the most common fungal infections in Brazil and becomes even more important after the onset of the AIDS epidemic. The lung is the main gateway, and also is the most common site, with diverse clinical manifestations ranging from an asymptomatic to severe pneumonia. When symptommatic, most patients present with fever and cough with expectoration or hemoptysis. The most common radiological findings in immunocompetent patients are located images of masses and nodules, while immunosuppression shows interstitial infiltrates and diffuses interstitial opacity. This is a case report of a patient in the third decade of life with breathing-dependent pain at the base of the left hemithorax, who has radiological examination of a mass in the left lung base in contact with the pleura mimicking malignant lung. Lobectomy was performed, as well as the pathological diagnosis of cryptococcosis.

关键词： Cryptococcosis Pulmonary Immunocompetent Fungal Lung Disease

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Biased Immunoglobulin Genes Rearrangement in Mantle Cell Lymphoma： Hints to Identify the Normal B-cell Counterpart

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Clinical oncology and cancer researeh 2011年第2期8卷 65-70页

作者： Hui-lai ZHANG Hua-qing WANG Xi-shan HAO Daniela Capello sergio B. Cogliatti Francesco Bertoni franco Cavalli Laboratory of Experimental Oncology Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland(IOSI) Bellinzona Switzerland Department of Lymphoma Tianjin MedicalUniversity Cancer Hospital and Institute KeyLaboratory of Cancer Prevention andTherapy Tianjin 300060 China Division of Hematology Department ofClinical and Experimental Medicine &Centro Interdisciplinare di Biotecnologieper la Ricerca Medica Applicata "AmedeoAvogadro" University of Eastern PiedmontNovara Italy Department of Pathology State HospitalSt.Gallen Switzerland

Mantle cell lymphoma （MCL） is an aggressive nonHodgkin＇s lymphoma, originating from naive B-cells. The blastoid MCL tumors often show complex cytogenetic aberrations. In this review, we summarized the data available on immunoglobulin heavy-chain （IgH） genes rearrangement for their importance in suggesting the MCL normal counterpart B-cell. Some new data suggesting an antigen selection process were also presented in this review.

关键词： mantle cell lymphoma immunoglobulin genes somatic hypermutation.

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