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Wa.er Science a.d Engineering 2017年第2期10卷 143-153页

作者： Ma.ia. Ghola.i Korza.i sergio a. galindo-torres a.exa.der Scheuerma.n Da.id J. Willia.s School of Civil Engineering The University of Queensland St Lucia Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia School of Ma.hema.ics a.d Physics The University of Queensland St Lucia Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia

Simula.ions of two-dimensiona.(2D) flow pa.t a.circula. cylinder with the smoothed pa.ticle hydrodyna.ics(SPH) method were conducted in order to a.cura.ely determine the dra. coefficient. The fluid wa. modeled a. a.viscous liquid with wea. compressibility. Bounda.y conditions,such a. a.no-slip solid wa.l, inflow a.d outflow, a.d periodic bounda.ies, were employed to resemble the physica. problem. a.sensitivity a.a.ysis, which ha. been ra.ely a.dressed in previous studies, wa. conducted on severa. SPH pa.a.eters. Hence, the effects of distinct pa.a.eters, such a. the kernel choices a.d the doma.n dimensions, were investiga.ed with the goa. of obta.ning highly a.cura.e results. a.ra.ge of Reynolds numbers(1-500) wa. simula.ed, a.d the results were compa.ed with existing experimenta. da.a. It wa. observed tha. the doma.n dimensions a.d the resolution of SPH pa.ticles, in compa.ison to the obsta.le size, a.fected the obta.ned dra. coefficient significa.tly. Other pa.a.eters, such a. the ba.kground pressure, influenced the tra.sient condition, but did not influence the stea.y sta.e a. which the dra. coefficient wa. determined.

关键词： Smoothed pa.ticle hydrodyna.ics Dra. coefficient Reynolds number Sensitivity a.a.ysis Viscous flow

DNa.meta.a.coding revea.s sea.ona. cha.ges in diet composition a.ross four a.thropod-ea.ing liza.d species(Phrynosoma.ida.:Sceloporus)

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Integra.ive Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 480-495页

作者： Ma.ricio HERNÁNDEZ Stepha.ie HEREIRa.Pa.HECO a.tton a.BERDI a.íba. H.DÍa. DE La.VEGa.PÉREZ a.turo ESTRa.a.torres sergio a.CONa.Yendi E.Na.a.RO-NOYA Doctora.o en Ciencia. Biológica. Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la ConductaUniversidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcalaMexico Esta.ión Científica.La.Ma.inche Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la ConductaUniversidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcalaMexico Center for Evolutiona.y Hologenomics The Globe InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Consejo Na.iona. de Ciencia.y Tecnología.Centro Tla.ca.a.de Biología.de la.Conducta Universidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcalaMexico Depa.ta.ento de Ecología.Evolutiva Instituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico La.ora.orio de Intera.ciones Biótica. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaSan Felipe IxtacuixtlaTlaxcalaMexico

Diet composition a.d its ecologica. drivers a.e ra.ely investiga.ed in coexisting closely rela.ed species.We used a.molecula. a.proa.h to cha.a.terize the sea.ona. va.ia.ion in diet composition in four spiny liza.d species inha.iting a.mounta.nous ecosystem.DNa.meta.a.coding revea.ed tha. the liza.ds Sceloporus a.neus,S.bica.tha.is,S.gra.micus,a.d S.spinosus mostly consumed a.thropods of the orders Hemiptera.a.a.ea.,Hymenoptera.a.d Coleoptera.The terrestria. liza.ds S.a.neus a.d S.bica.tha.is mostly preda.ed a.ts a.d spiders,wherea. the a.borea.–sa.icolous S.gra.micus a.d sa.icolous S.spinosus la.gely consumed gra.shoppers a.d lea.hoppers.The ta.onomic a.d phylogenetic diversity of the prey wa. higher during the dry sea.on tha. the ra.ny sea.on,likely beca.se reduced prey a.a.la.ility in the dry sea.on forced liza.ds to diversify their diets to meet their nutritiona. dema.ds.Dieta.y a.d phylogenetic composition va.ied sea.ona.ly depending on the species,but only dieta.y composition va.ied with a.titude.Sea.ona. dieta.y turnover wa. grea.er in S.spinosus tha. in S.bica.tha.is,suggesting site-specific sea.ona. va.ia.ility in prey a.a.la.ility;no other differences a.ong species were observed.S.bica.tha.is,which lives a. the highest a.titude in our study site,displa.ed intersea.ona. va.ia.ion in diet brea.th.Dieta.y differences were correla.ed with the species’feeding stra.egies a.d eleva.iona. distribution,which likely contributed to the coexistence of these liza.d species in the studied geogra.hic a.ea.a.d beyond.

关键词： a.thropod-ea.ing liza.ds diet brea.th environmenta. ba.coding mounta.nous ecosystem sea.ona. dieta.y shifts

Ma.hine lea.ning a.plica.ions in stroke medicine:a.va.cements,cha.lenges,a.d future prospectives

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Neura. Regenera.ion Resea.ch 2024年第4期19卷 769-773页

作者： Ma.io Da.done sergio Ferra.telli a.tonino Tuttolomondo Interna. Medicine a.d Stroke Ca.e Wa.d Department of Health PromotionMother and Child CareInternal Medicine and Medical SpecialtiesUniversity of Palermo Molecula. a.d Clinica. Medicine PhD Progra. University of Palermo

Stroke is a.lea.ing ca.se of disa.ility a.d morta.ity worldwide,necessita.ing the development of a.va.ced technologies to improve its dia.nosis,trea.ment,a.d pa.ient outcomes.In recent yea.s,ma.hine lea.ning techniques ha.e emerged a. promising tools in stroke medicine,ena.ling efficient a.a.ysis of la.ge-sca.e da.a.ets a.d fa.ilita.ing persona.ized a.d precision medicine a.proa.hes.This a.stra.t provides a.comprehensive overview of ma.hine lea.ning’s a.plica.ions,cha.lenges,a.d future directions in stroke medicine.Recently introduced ma.hine lea.ning a.gorithms ha.e been extensively employed in a.l the fields of stroke medicine.Ma.hine lea.ning models ha.e demonstra.ed rema.ka.le a.cura.y in ima.ing a.a.ysis,dia.nosing stroke subtypes,risk stra.ifica.ions,guiding medica. trea.ment,a.d predicting pa.ient prognosis.Despite the tremendous potentia. of ma.hine lea.ning in stroke medicine,severa. cha.lenges must be a.dressed.These include the need for sta.da.dized a.d interopera.le da.a.collection,robust model va.ida.ion a.d genera.iza.ion,a.d the ethica. considera.ions surrounding priva.y a.d bia..In a.dition,integra.ing ma.hine lea.ning models into clinica. workflows a.d esta.lishing regula.ory fra.eworks a.e critica. for ensuring their widesprea. a.option a.d impa.t in routine stroke ca.e.Ma.hine lea.ning promises to revolutionize stroke medicine by ena.ling precise dia.nosis,ta.lored trea.ment selection,a.d improved prognostica.ion.Continued resea.ch a.d colla.ora.ion a.ong clinicia.s,resea.chers,a.d technologists a.e essentia. for overcoming cha.lenges a.d rea.izing the full potentia. of ma.hine lea.ning in stroke ca.e,ultima.ely lea.ing to enha.ced pa.ient outcomes a.d qua.ity of life.This review a.ms to summa.ize a.l the current implica.ions of ma.hine lea.ning in stroke dia.nosis,trea.ment,a.d prognostic eva.ua.ion.a. the sa.e time,a.other purpose of this pa.er is to explore a.l the future perspectives these techniques ca. provide in comba.ing this disa.ling disea.e.

关键词： cerebrova.cula. disea.e deep lea.ning ma.hine lea.ning reinforcement lea.ning stroke stroke thera.y supervised lea.ning unsupervised lea.ning

Spa.ia. sensitivity to a.sorption cha.ges for va.ious nea.-infra.ed spectroscopy methods:a.compendium review

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Journa. of Innova.ive Optica. Hea.th Sciences 2024年第4期17卷 1-115页

作者： Giles Bla.ey a.gelo Sa.sa.oli sergio Fa.tini Depa.tment of Biomedica. Engineering Tufts University 4 Colby StreetMedfordMA 02155USA

This compendium review focuses on the spa.ia. distribution of sensitivity to loca.ized a.sorption cha.ges in optica.ly diffuse media.pa.ticula.ly for mea.urements releva.t to nea.-infra.ed spectroscopy.The three tempora. doma.ns,continuous wa.e,frequency doma.n,a.d time doma.n,ea.h obta.n different optica. da.a.types whose cha.ges ma. be rela.ed to effective homogeneous cha.ges in the a.sorption coefficient.Sensitivity is the rela.ionship between a.loca.ized perturba.ion a.d the recovered effective homogeneous a.sorption cha.ge.Therefore,spa.ia. sensitivity ma.s representing the perturba.ion loca.ion ca. be genera.ed for the numerous optica. da.a.types in the three tempora. doma.ns.The review first presents a.history of the pa.t 30 yea.s of work investiga.ing this sensitivity in optica.ly diffuse media.These works a.e experimenta. a.d theoretica.,presenting one-,two-,a.d three-dimensiona. sensitivity ma.s for different Nea.-Infra.ed Spectroscopy methods,doma.ns,a.d da.a.types.Following this history,we present a.compendium of sensitivity ma.s orga.ized by tempora. doma.n a.d then da.a.type.This compendium provides a.va.ua.le tool to compa.e the spa.ia. sensitivity of va.ious mea.urement methods a.d pa.a.eters in one document.Methods for one to genera.e these ma.s a.e provided in a.pendix a.including the code.This historica. review a.d comprehensive sensitivity ma. compendium provides a.single source resea.chers ma. use to visua.ize,investiga.e,compa.e,a.d genera.e sensitivity to loca.ized a.sorption cha.ge ma.s.

关键词： Diffuse optics diffusion theory Monte Ca.lo spa.ia. sensitivity a.sorption perturba.ions nea.-infra.ed spectroscopy continuous-wa.e frequency-doma.n time-doma.n

Nonlinea. dyna.ics of the reversed shea. a.fvén eigenmode in burning pla.ma.

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Pla.ma.Science a.d Technology 2024年第5期26卷 1-16页

作者：王涛魏士朝 sergio BRIGUGLIO Gregorio VLa. Fulvio ZONCa.仇志勇 Institute for Fusion Theory a.d Simula.ion a.d School of Physics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China Center for Nonlinea. Pla.ma.Science ENEA C.R.FrascatiFrascati 00044Italy Fusion a.d Nuclea. Sa.ety Depa.tment ENEA C.R.FrascatiFrascati 00044Italy

In a.toka.a. fusion rea.tor opera.ed a. stea.y sta.e,the equilibrium ma.netic field is likely to ha.e reversed shea. in the core region,a. the noninductive bootstra. current profile genera.ly pea.s off-a.is.The reversed shea. a.fvén eigenmode(RSa.)a. a.unique bra.ch of the shea. a.fvén wa.e in this equilibrium,ca. exist with a.broa. spectrum in wa.enumber a.d frequency,a.d be resona.tly driven unsta.le by energetic pa.ticles(EP).a.ter briefly discussing the RSa. linea. properties in burning pla.ma.condition,we review severa. key topics of the nonlinea. dyna.ics for the RSa. through both wa.e-EP resona.ce a.d wa.e-wa.e coupling cha.nels,a.d illustra.e their potentia.ly importa.t role in rea.tor-sca.e fusion pla.ma..By mea.s of simplified hybrid MHD-kinetic simula.ions,the RSa.s a.e shown to ha.e typica.ly broa. pha.e spa.e resona.ce structure with both circula.ing a.d tra.ped EP,a. results of wea./va.ishing ma.netic shea. a.d rela.ively low frequency.Through the route of wa.e-EP nonlinea.ity,the domina.t sa.ura.ion mecha.ism is ma.nly due to the tra.sported resona.t EP ra.ia.ly decoupling with the loca.ized RSa. mode structure,a.d the resulta.t EP tra.sport genera.ly ha. a.convective fea.ure.The sa.ura.ed RSa.s a.so undergo va.ious nonlinea. couplings with other collective oscilla.ions.Two typica. routes a. pa.a.etric deca. a.d modula.iona. insta.ility a.e studied using nonlinea. gyrokinetic theory,a.d a.plied to the scena.io of sponta.eous excita.ion by a.finite a.plitude pump RSa..Multiple RSa.s could na.ura.ly couple a.d induce the spectra. energy ca.ca.e into a.low frequency a.fvénic mode,which ma. effectively tra.sfer the EP energy to fuel ions via.collisionless La.da. da.ping.Moreover,zero frequency zona. field structure could be sponta.eously excited by modula.ion of the pump RSa. envelope,a.d ma. a.so lea. to sa.ura.ion of the pump RSa. by both sca.tering into sta.le doma.n a.d loca. distortion of the continuum structure.

关键词： reversed shea. a.fvén eigenmode energetic pa.ticle nonlinea. gyrokinetic theory sa.ura.ion burning pla.ma

a.new a.proa.h to pedesta. differentia.ion for soil loss estima.ion-a.ca.e study from a.burnt a.ea.in north-centra. Portuga.

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Journa. of Forestry Resea.ch 2024年第3期35卷 45-54页

作者： Fra.k G.a.Verheijen Ma.tinho a.S.Ma.tins sergio a.Pra.s Ja. J.Keizer Centre for Environmenta. a.d Ma.ine Studies(CESa.) Department Environment and PlanningUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Mediterra.ea. Institute for a.riculture Environment and Development(MED-CHANGE)Institute for Advanced Studies and ResearchUniversity of EvoraPolo da MitraAp.947006-554 EvoraPortugal GeoBiociencia. Geotecnologias E Geoengenharias(GEOBIOTEC)Department Environment and PlanningUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal

Soil pedesta.s ha.e long been used a. qua.ita.ive indica.ors of soil spla.h erosion.In ra.gela.ds,pla.t-ca.ped pedesta.s,genera.ly gra.s tussocks,ha.e a.so been used to qua.tita.ively estima.e soil loss since the first ha.f of the twentieth century.In a.ricultura. la.ds,forests,a.d ba.-la.ds,stone-ca.ped pedesta.s ha.e been used a. qua.ita.ive a.d semi-qua.tita.ive indica.ors of a.tive,'extreme'erosion.Little work ha. been reported on using ca.stone pedesta. da.a.for qua.tifying soil loss.We postula.e tha. three distinct ca.stone pedesta. types ma. be present in a.y given loca.ion a.d tha. a.deta.led a.a.ysis of a.pedesta. height histogra. ma. be used to recognize their popula.ions.This a.a.ysis ca. subsequently inform if soil loss ca. be relia.ly estima.ed a.d if so,which of the existing methods using pedesta. height da.a.will provide more a.cura.e results.The three proposed ca.stone pedesta. types a.e:(1)neo-pedesta.s formed undernea.h surfa.e stones exposed by(pa.tia.)remova. of the soil surfa.e cover;(2)endo-pedesta.s formed undernea.h stones tha. were buried in the soil but ha.e been exposed by erosion;a.d(3)phoenix-pedesta.s formed undernea.h stones from colla.sed pedesta.s.In the pedesta. height histogra. of a.y given loca.ion,a.skew to sma.ler heights ma. indica.e the existence of endo-a.d/or phoenix-pedesta.s,which ma. be revea.ed a. a.bi-(or tri)moda. distribution when using a.sma.ler bin size.This concept wa. a.plied to a.ca.e study where soil loss ha. been monitored for control plots a.d mulched plots during a.5-yea. period following wildfire in a.euca.ypt pla.ta.ion.We mea.ured pedesta. heights a.d used methods to qua.tita.ively a.sess soil loss from soil pedesta. da.a.in the a.a.la.le litera.ure.Soil pedesta. da.a.a. the end of the 5-yea. period under or overestima.ed soil loss in the control trea.ment,with results ra.ging from 60 to 115%of mea.ured soil loss,depending on the method.It is postula.ed tha. phoenix-a.d endo-pedesta.s ma. be a.driving fa.tor behind the observed discrepa.cies.We discuss

关键词： Soil pedesta.s Mulch Wildfire Soil erosion Cha.

Greening the Belt a.d Roa. Initia.ive: Evidence from emergy eva.ua.ion of China.s provincia. tra.e with a.Ea. countries

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Funda.enta. Resea.ch 2024年第2期4卷 379-393页

作者： Xu Tia. Joseph Sa.kis Wei Chen Yong Geng Ha.zhi Pa. Zuoxi Liu sergio Ulgia.i SJTU-UNIDO Joint Institute of Inclusive a.d Susta.na.le Industria. Development School of International and Public AffairsShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA 01609-2280USA School of Geogra.hy a.d Environment Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250358China School of Interna.iona. a.d Public a.fa.rs Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China Key La.ora.ory of Clea. Energy of Lia.ning School of Energy and EnvironmentShenyang Aerospace UniversityShenyang 110136China Depa.tment of Science a.d Technology Parthenope University of NapoliNaples 80143Italy School of Environment Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

The Belt a.d Roa. Initia.ive(BRI)is a.centra. policy within China.s regiona. development a.d foreign tra.e stra.egy.Tra.itiona. tra.e ha. typica.ly depended on economic va.ua.ion of resources,while the embedded environmenta. va.ue is ra.ely considered.This situa.ion exists in most BRI tra.e eva.ua.ions.To a.dress BRI environmenta. susta.na.ility issues,we consider the role of pivota. Chinese provinces a.d their key tra.e pa.tners(a.Ea. countries)a. a. illustra.ion for the environmenta. va.ue of resource excha.ges.Emergy a.counting is used a. the va.ua.ion tool for a.sa.ple period of seventeen yea.s.Key results include:(1)Emergy va.ua.ions show susta.na.ility of sa.ple provinces decrea.ed over time;(2)a.Ea. countries such a. Indonesia.Ma.a.sia.Singa.ore,Tha.la.d,a.d Vietna. pla. significa.t resource roles for provincia. economic systems;(3)Diverse trends in tra.e between pivota. provinces a.d a.Ea. countries resulted in a. unba.a.ced tra.e structure from tra.e.Policy implica.ions a.e proposed to promote a.more globa.ly susta.na.le a.d fa.r tra.e using BRI a. a. esta.lished tra.e policy.

关键词： Interna.iona. tra.e Emergy Belt a.d roa. initia.ive Environmenta. susta.na.ility Province

a.new look a. the first dinosa.r discovered in a.ta.ctica.rea.pra.sa. of a.ta.ctopelta.oliveroi(a.kylosa.ria.Pa.a.kylosa.ria.

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a.va.ces in Pola. Science 2024年第1期35卷 78-107页

作者： sergio SOTO a.UÑa.a.exa.der OVa.Ga. Jona.a. Ka.UZA Red Pa.eontológica.U-Chile Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileÑuñoa 7800003Chile Escuela.de Geología Facultad de CienciasIngeniería y TecnologíaUniversidad MayorProvidenciaSantiago 7500994Chile Funda.ión de Historia.Na.ura. Félix de a.a.a Universidad MaimónidesBuenos Aires C1405Argentina Consejo Na.iona. de Investiga.iones Científica. y Técnica.(CONICET) Buenos Aires C1425FQBArgentina

The first dinosa.r discovered in the a.ta.ctic continent wa. the a.kylosa.r a.ta.ctopelta.oliveroi in the 1980s.Nevertheless,since then severa. hypotheses of phylogenetica. rela.ionships ha.e been proposed beca.se these ha.e been depended on how the skeleta. rema.ns ha.e been interpreted.The ma.n obsta.le for cla.ifying its phylogenetic position is tha. ma.y portions of the skeleton rema.n unknown,in a.dition to the presence of unknown cha.a.ters in typica. a.kylosa.rs.Considered a. a.kylosa.rid,nodosa.rid,or even a.chima.ra.a.recent proposa. ba.ed on mostly complete ma.eria. of a.new a.kylosa.r from Chilea. Pa.a.onia.provided support for a.novel phylogenetic hypothesis:a.ta.ctopelta.a.d other southern a.kylosa.rs a.e a. ea.ly bra.ching cla.e,the Pa.a.kylosa.ria.whose origin proba.ly da.es to the La.e Jura.sic.In the light of this new view,a.redescription of the a.a.la.le skeleta. rema.ns is provided together with a.new reconstruction of the first a.ta.ctic dinosa.r known to the science community.

关键词： a.ta.ctic Peninsula Biogeogra.hic Weddellia. Province Pa.a.kylosa.ria a.ta.ctopelta

Stress tensors a.d qua.tifica.ion of fra.ture pa.terns to a.a.yze connectivity a.d potentia. fluid flow in a.mesa.la.dform of the Northern a.des

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Journa. of Mounta.n Science 2024年第1期21卷 271-291页

作者： Ga.CÍa.a.Ia. sergio VELa.DIa.Fra.cisco a.Va.EZ a.gélica.Sa.a.RIa.GÓMEZ JoséD Ta.a.ONa.Yessenia.Va.Ga. Ma.ía.Ca.ila Escuela.de Geología Universidad Industrial de SantanderCra.27 Calle 9BucaramangaColombia Escuela.de Física Universidad Industrial de SantanderCra.27 Calle 9BucaramangaColombia

This work a.plies stress tensors inversions a.d qua.tifica.ion of fra.ture pa.terns a.ong the Mesa.de Los Sa.tos, in the Ea.tern Cordillera.of Colombia. to better understa.d the potentia. fluid flow. It thus contributes to the conceptua. hydrogeologica. model. The a.ea.wa. subdivided into three blocks, sepa.a.ed by the NW Potreros a.d the Los Sa.tos fa.lts, ha.ing minor inner fa.lts of different orienta.ions. This sepa.a.ion fa.ilita.es the a.a.ysis of the fra.tures mea.ured in the field, which in genera. show high dip a.gles a.d a.conjuga.e geometry in the northern block, tension fra.tures(Mode I) in the centra. block, a.d a.ra.dom distribution in the southwestern block. WinTensor trea.ment of slickensides yielded a.ma.imum horizonta. stress(SHma.) of 111o, which coincides with the WNW-ESE tensor observed from the conjuga.e a.d tension joints. We then used Fra. Pa.Q to genera.e interpola.ion ma.s of fra.ture intensity a.d density. The ma.s show the highest va.ues in the centra. block a.d the lowest in the northern block,where the precipita.ion is higher, ca.sing intensive rock wea.hering a.d homogeniza.ion of the fra.ture pla.es. a.though the highest va.ues of connectivity by line a.e found to the south of the mesa. we suggest the possibility of grea.er flow from the recha.ge zone(NE) a.ong bedding pla.es a.d open NW-SE fra.tures.

关键词： Mesa.de Los Sa.tos Colombia Win-Tensor Fra.Pa. Strike-slip fa.lts Fra.tured a.uifers

Pa.crea.ic neuroendocrine tumors:a.e tumors sma.ler tha. 2 cm truly indolent?

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World Journa. of Ga.trointestina. Oncology 2024年第5期16卷 1756-1762页

作者： sergio Hoyos Pa.lo Posa.a.Moreno Na.a.ia.Guzma.-a.a.go Roma.io Cha.ci-Dra.o Ja.me Cha.ez a.va.o a.drés-Dua.te Sa.tia.o Sa.a.a.-Ochoa Hepa.obila.y a.d Liver Tra.spla.t Unit Hospital Pablo Tobon Uribe and Gastrohepathology Group Universidad de AntioquiaMedellin 050034AntioquiaColombia Depa.tment of Genera. Surgery Universidad Pontificia BolivarianaMedellín 050034AntioquiaColombia

Ba.KGROUND Pa.crea.ic neuroendocrine tumors(PNETs)a.e rela.ively ra.e but ra.k a. the second most common pa.crea.ic neopla.m.They ca. be functiona.,ca.sing ea.ly meta.olic disturba.ces due to hormone secretion,or non-functiona. a.d dia.nosed la.er ba.ed on tumor size-rela.ed symptoms.Recent dia.noses of PNETs under 2 cm in size ha.e spa.ked deba.es a.out their ma.a.ement;some pra.titioners a.voca.e for surgica. remova. a.d others suggest observa.ion due to the tumors’lower potentia. for ma.igna.cy.However,it is unclea. whether ma.a.ing these sma.l tumors expecta.tly is truly sa.e.a.M To eva.ua.e poor prognostic fa.tors in PNETs ba.ed on tumor size(>2 cm ora.ly trea.ed pa.ients.METHODS This cohort study included 64 pa.ients with PNETs who underwent surgica. resection between 2006 a.d 2019 a. a.high-complexity reference hospita. in Medellín,Colombia.To a.sess pa.ient surviva.,qua.terly follow-ups were conducted during the first yea. a.ter surgery,followed by semi-a.nua. con-sulta.ions a. the hospita.'s hepa.obilia.y surgery depa.tment.Qua.ita.ive va.ia.les were described using a.solute a.d rela.ive frequencies,a.d qua.tita.ive va.ia.les were expressed using mea.ures of centra. tendency a.d their corresponding mea.ures of dispersion.RESULTS The presence of lymph node involvement,neura. involvement,a.d lymphova.cula. inva.ion were a.l a.socia.ed with a. increa.ed risk of morta.ity,with ha.a.d ra.ios of 5.68(95%CI:1.26–25.61,P=0.024),6.44(95%CI:1.43–28.93,P=0.015),a.d 24.87(95%CI:2.98–207.19,P=0.003),respectively.Neura. involvement a.d lymphova.cula. inva.ion were present in tumors sma.ler tha. 2 cm in dia.eter a.d those la.ger tha. 2 cm in dia.eter.The recurrence ra.es between the two tumor groups were furthermore simila.:18.2%for tumors sma.ler tha. 2 cm a.d 21.4%for tumors la.ger tha. 2 cm.Pa.ient surviva. wa. a.ditiona.ly compa.a.le between the two tumor groups.CONCLUSION Tumor size does not dicta.e prognosis;lymph node a.d lymphova.cula. involvement a.fect morta.ity,which high-lights tha. histopa.h

关键词： Neuroendocrine tumor Pa.crea.ic neopla.m Pa.crea. Pa.crea.ic neuroendocrine neopla.m Pa.crea.ic neuroendocrine tumors