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Cattle Conservation in the 21st Century: A Mini Review

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2021年第2期11卷 304-332页

作者： Umar-Faruq Olayinka Bolaji Afees Abiola Ajasa Ridwan Olawale Ahmed semiu folaniyi bello Obiajulu Emenike Ositanwosu Department of Animal Production College of Food Science and Agriculture King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Animal Husbandry University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary Department of Animal and Avian Sciences University of Maryland College Park USA Department of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guang-zhou China Department of Agricultural Electrification and Automation College of Mathematics and Informatics South China Agricultural Univer-sity Guangzhou China Department of Computer Science Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

Cattle are arguably the most important livestock species. Since the beginning of this century, the loss of genetic diversity within this species has been a major concern as this could have serious consequences on the ability of this species to respond to future production constraints. Genetic diversity has traditionally been accessed from pedigree, however, with the advances in molecular genetics new opportunities have emerged. We examined different methods for accessing genetic diversity and estimating genetic diversity parameters at the genomic level. We also examined criteria and strategies for the conservation of animal genetic resources. Finally, we examined genomic studies on some endangered cattle breeds.

关键词： Genetic Diversity Conservation Genetic Diversity Parameters Cattle

Identification of BoLA DRB3.2 Alleles Present in White Fulani and Muturu Cattle Breeds

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2020年第4期10卷 725-734页

作者： Ridwan O. Ahmed semiu F. bello Matthew J. Hegarty Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Science Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth UK Department of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China

Cattle production is an important aspect of animal agriculture. Disease predisposition in cattle can lead to lowered productivity and poor animal welfare. To select and breed for the fittest cattle population, it is expedient that we understand the genetic basis of disease tolerance/resistance. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a vital component of the immune system in vertebrates. Its genes are crucial determinants for immune response and resistance to infectious diseases. The bovine MHC is referred to as Bovine Lymphocyte antigen (BoLA) with its most functional and highly variable region located in the exon 2 (BoLA-DRB3.2). Over 100 alleles of BoLA-DRB3.2 have been identified in cattle and many studies have associated polymorphism in this region with disease resistance/susceptibility. In this study, we investigated the polymorphic nature of BoLA-DRB3.2 in the White Fulani and Muturu cattle breeds using a single PCR-sequence based typing. We identified 26 and 25 alleles in White Fulani and Muturu breeds, respectively, with only six alleles being mutual in the two breeds. Some of the alleles identified in this study have been noted as markers for disease status in cattle. BoLA-DRB3*014:01:01, BoLA-DRB3*011:01, and BoLA-DRB3*008:01 alleles have been associated with Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) resistance in cattle. BoLA-DRB3*014:01:01, BoLA-DRB3*001:01, and BoLA-DRB3*011:01 were linked with mastitis resistance in Japanese Holstein cows. While no inference can be drawn in terms of association with disease status, this study confirms the highly polymorphic and diverse nature of BoLA-DRB3 in White Fulani and Muturu cattle breeds.

关键词： Major Histocompatibility Complex Bovine Lymphocyte Antigen (BoLA) Polymorphism White Fulani Muturu

An Investigation of Polymorphism in SMOand LMF1 Genes and Their Association with Body Size in White Fulani and Muturu Cattle Breeds

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2020年第7期11卷 319-344页

作者： Ridwan O. Ahmed semiu F. bello Ibrahim Shu’aibu Matthew J. Hegarty Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Science Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth UK Department of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China

Cattle production is integral to the people of Africa and her economy. To improve cattle productivity, there is a need to inculcate molecular marker-assisted selection into current breeding practices. In this study, we investigated, in White Fulani and Muturu cattle breeds, polymorphism of two candidate genes (Smoothened—SMO and Lipase Maturation Factor 1—LMF1) that have been reported to influence body size in cattle. The SMO gene encodes for the SMO (smoothened) receptor protein;a membrane signal transducer that plays a role in the control of bone formation and adipogenesis. LMF1 encodes for the LMF1 protein which regulates post-translational maturation of vascular lipases. Desired regions of the genes were amplified and genotyped by direct DNA sequencing or Polymerase chain reaction—Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. For association study, linear body measurements traits (BMTs) that can be used to predict body size were measured on each animal and values of BMTs measured were compared between both breeds. Very significant (P < 0.0

关键词： Smoothened Lipase Maturation Factor 1 Body Measurement Traits White Fulani Muturu Polymorphism

Lattice Theory for Finite Dimensional Hilbert Space with Variables in Zd

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Journal of Quantum Information Science 2019年第2期9卷 111-121页

作者： semiu Oladipupo Oladejo Adediran Dauda Adeshola Adedayo David Adeniyi Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Gombe State University Gombe Nigeria Department of Statistical and Mathematical Science College of Pure and Applied Science Kwara State University Ilorin Nigeria

In this work, join and meet algebraic structure which exists in non-near-linear finite geometry are discussed. Lines in non-near-linear finite geometry ?were expressed as products of lines in near-linear finite geometry ?(where?p?is a prime). An existence of lattice between any pair of near-linear finite geometry ?of ?is confirmed. For q|d, a one-to-one correspondence between the set of subgeometry ?of ?and finite geometry ?from the subsets of the set {D(d)}?of divisors of d?(where each divisor represents a finite geometry) and set of subsystems {∏(q)}?(with variables in Zq) of a finite quantum system ∏(d)?with variables in Zd?and a finite system from the subsets of the set of divisors of d?is established.

关键词： Lattice Join Meet Least Upper Bound (LUB) Greatest Lower Bound (GLB) Partially Ordered Set (POSET)

Detection of Polymorphism of Pituitary Specific Transcription Factor 1 Gene and Its Association with Bodyweight of Fulani and Yoruba Ecotype Chickens

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2020年第2期10卷 278-286页

作者： semiu F. bello Mabel O. Akinyemi Rasheed B. Fatai Muslim K. Ewuola Ridwan O. Ahmed Favour Oluwapelumi Oyelami Fisayo T. Akinyemi Babatunde Shittu Olasege Department of Animal Science University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction College of Animal Science South China Department of Animal Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People’s Republic of China School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia

Pituitary Specific transcription factor 1 (PIT-1) gene is one of the POU gene family and play key roles in the regulation of muscle development which is important for body weight in chickens. This study was carried out to detect the polymorphism of PIT-1 gene and study its association with body weight in Fulani and Yoruba ecotype of Nigerian indigenous chickens. A total of 100 day-old chicks comprising of fifty chicks of Fulani and Yoruba ecotypes were used for this study. These chicks were genotyped using PCR-RFLP technique and their growth rate was also measured throughout the study. Our results showed two alleles A and B controlling genotypes AA and AB which were significantly associated with bodyweight of the chickens. Interestingly, we found out that AA genotype had the highest frequency of 0.64 and 0.76 compared with AB genotype which had a frequency of 0.36 and 0.24 in the Fulani and Yoruba ecotype respectively. Furthermore, the PIT-1 genotypes (AA and AB) were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with body weight at week 4 and week 12 in Fulani and Yoruba ecotype chicken respectively. PIT-1 gene was polymorphic in Fulani and Yoruba ecotypes of Nigeria Indigenous Chickens.

关键词： PIT-1 Gene Polymorphism Chicken

Energy-Exergy Analysis and Carbon (IV) Oxide Emission of an Aluminium Extrusion Plant in Nigeria

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Engineering（科研） 2017年第12期9卷 1048-1059页

作者： Mufutau Adekojo Waheed Peter Olaitan Aiyedun Wasiu Oyediran Adedeji Adekunle Adedapo Obisanya semiu Taiwo Amosun Adeniyi Oluwole Adesina Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Technology Abeokuta Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Yaba College of Technology Lagos Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Yaba College of Technology Lagos Nigeria

Energy security, cost of production and environmental constraints have necessitated the need for proper energy utilisation in the manufacturing industries. This work analysed energy and production data from an aluminium extrusion plant in Lagos, Nigeria for energy efficiency, exergy efficiency (or process?efficiency), energy cost per unit of production, CO2 emission and pollution?rate?index. The input-output energy analysis method was used to estimate the?embodied energy intensity. The pollution rate, energetic and exergetic efficiencies were estimated from the exergy analysis. The CO2 emission was estimated?from IPCC guideline on greenhouse inventories and the energy cost of unit?produce was estimated from energy cost accounting method. The five-year average thermal and electrical utilisation ratio was 45/55, which deviated from the 70:30 of the global best practices. The embodied energy intensity for the five years’ ranges between 2.31 - 162.3 GJ/t which is in excess of the recommended?range of (2.9 - 3.2 GJ/t). The mean energy efficiency for the five year was 79.4% and the mean exergetic efficiency was 57.8% indicating that production was well?managed (>50%) with energy wastages very high in boiler energy conversion. The total energy used was 16 MJ and CO2 emitted is 1.01 × 1011 g during the study period. The average pollution rate index for the plant was 0.8695 indicating that the plant is negatively impacting the environment due to technological limitation of the energy conversion process employed in the manufacturing plant. The study reveals a distortion of the recommended best practice in energy balance ratio which accounted for the high average cost of production (N 4418.3/t);process efficiency was generally low thereby negatively affecting industrial output for the company.

关键词： Exergy Energy Carbon (IV) Oxide Emission Pollution

Efficiency of Energy Utilisation in a Nigeria Sausage Producing Factory

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2017年第12期5卷 100-108页

In this study, a five-year (2010-2014) production and energy utilisation data in a sausage producing company in Nigeria was analysed for energy consumption, energy intensity, energy productivity, cost of energy per unit product and Normalized Performance Indicator (NPI). The average annual energy consumption was 15,853.22 GJ. The energy consumption mix was 27.66% PHCN main, 32.06% diesel generators and 40.28% oven gas. Main electricity supply from utility company contributed to 25.04% of the total energy cost while diesel was 44.24% and oven gas was 30.71% of the total cost. The average production output from the factory was 595,700 tonnes and the average cost of energy input was 6.71 kobo/kg for the five-year period. The values of cost of energy input per unit product showed a decreasing trend for the five years. The energy intensity also increased through the study years with an average of 1.67 GJ/m2 while the energy productivity decreased throughout the years with an average of 28.3 kJ/kg. The Normalized Performance Indicator (NPI) values calculated for the five years showed steady increment with an average of 1.61 GJ/m2. This indicated a “very poor” range which implies an excessive energy usage, immediate action should be taken to investigate and remedy this.

关键词： Energy Utilisation Energy Intensity Energy Productivity Cost of Energy Input Normalized Performance Indicator

On New Subclass of Multivalent Functions Involving a Generalized Al-Oboudi Differential Operator

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Journal of Mathematics and System Science 2019年第2期9卷 57-63页

作者： Bitrus Sambo Oladejo semiu Oladipupo Ayuba Sanda Department of Mathematics Gombe State UniversityP.M.B.127GombeNigeria

The main aim of this paper is to introduce and investigate a new subclass of multivalent functions in the open unit disc U which is defined by a generalized Al-Oboudi differential operator. Coefficient inequalities, extreme points, Hadamard product and integral mean inequalities for fractional derivative of functions in this class are given.

关键词： Multivalent functions extreme points Hadamard product fractional derivative normalize