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Asymmetric biotic interchange across the Bering land bridge between Eurasia and North America

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National Science Review 2019年第4期6卷 739-745页

作者： Dechun Jiang sebastian klaus Ya-Ping Zhang David M.Hillis Jia-Tang Li CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Ecology and Evolution J.W.Goethe University State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Center University of Texas at Austin

The exchange of biotas between Eurasia and North America across the Bering land bridge had a major impact on ecosystems of both continents throughout the Cenozoic. This exchange has received particular attention regarding placental mammals dispersing into the Americas, including humans after the last glacial period, and also as an explanation for the disjunct distribution of related seed plants in eastern Asia and eastern North America. Here, we investigate bi-directional dispersal across the Bering land bridge from estimates of dispersal events based on time-calibrated phylogenies of a broad range of plant, fungus and animal taxa. We reveal a long-lasting phase of asymmetrical biotic interchange, with a peak of dispersal from Asia into North America during the late Oligocene warming(26–24 Ma), when dispersal in the opposite direction was greatly decreased. Influx from North America into Asia was lower than in the opposite direction throughout the Cenozoic, but with peak rates of dispersal at the end of the Eocene(40–34 Ma)and again in the early to middle Miocene(16–14 Ma). The strong association between dispersal patterns and environmental changes suggests that plants, fungi and animals have likely dispersed from stable to perturbed environments of North America and Eurasia throughout the Cenozoic.

关键词： multiple taxa biogeography Bering land bridge Cenozoic

Defense and anti-defense mechanisms of bacteria and bacteriophages

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2024年第3期25卷 181-196页

作者： Xiaoqing WANG sebastian LEPTIHN School of Medicine Lishui UniversityLishui 323000China University of Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine&Veterinary MedicineThe University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH89JZUK HMU Health and Medical University Am Anger 64/73-99084 ErfurtGermany

In the post-antibiotic era,the overuse of antimicrobials has led to a massive increase in antimicrobial resistance,leaving medical doctors few or no treatment options to fight infections caused by *** use of bacteriophages is a promising alternative to treat infections,supplementing or possibly even replacing *** phages for therapy is possible,since these bacterial viruses can kill bacteria specifically,causing no harm to the normal ***,bacteria have developed a multitude of sophisticated and complex ways to resist infection by phages,including abortive infection and the clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated(Cas)*** also can evolve and acquire new anti-defense strategies to continue *** in-depth exploration of both defense and anti-defense mechanisms would contribute to optimizing phage therapy,while we would also gain novel insights into the microbial *** this paper,we summarize recent research on bacterial phage resistance and phage anti-defense mechanisms,as well as collaborative win-win systems involving both virus and host.

关键词： Bacteriophage Phage resistance Abortive infection Phage therapy

Ink-structing the future of vascular tissue engineering:a review of the physiological bioink design

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第2期7卷 181-205页

作者： Judith Synofzik sebastian Heene Rebecca Jonczyk Cornelia Blume Institute for Technical Chemistry Leibniz University Hannover30167 HannoverGermany

Three-dimensional(3D)printing and bioprinting have come into view for a plannable and standardizable generation of implantable tissue-engineered constructs that can substitute native tissues and *** tissue-engineered structures are intended to integrate with the patient’s *** tissue engineering(TE)is relevant in TE because it supports the sustained oxygenization and nutrition of all tissue-engineered *** have a specific role,representingthenecessarymedium for printability and vascular cell *** review aims to understand the requirements for the design of vascular ***,an in-depth analysis of vascular cell interaction with their native environment must be gained.A physiological bioink suitable for a tissue-engineered vascular graft(TEVG)must not only ensure good printability but also induce cells to behave like in a native vascular vessel,including self-regenerative and growth *** review describes the general structure of vascular walls with wall-speciﬁc cell and extracellular matrix(ECM)components and biomechanical properties and ***,the physiological role of vascular ECM components for their interaction with vascular cells and the mode of interaction is *** currently available or imaginable bioinks are described from physiological matrix proteins to nonphysiologically occurring but natural chemical compounds useful for vascular *** physiological performance of these bioinks is evaluated with regard to biomechanical properties postprinting,with a view to current animal studies of 3D printed vascular ***,the main challenges for further bioink development,suitable bioink components to create a self-assembly bioink concept,and future bioprinting strategies are *** concepts are discussed in terms of their suitability to be part of a TEVG with a high potential for later clinical use.

关键词： Vascular wall histology Vascular cells Microenvironment Extracellular matrix Cell–matrix interaction Bioink Printability

Olfactory immune response to SARS-CoV-2

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 134-143页

作者： sebastian A.Wellford E.Ashley Moseman Department of Integrative Immunobiology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA

Numerous pathogens can infect the olfactory tract,yet the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has strongly emphasized the importance of the olfactory mucosa as an immune *** in the nasal passages,the olfactory mucosa is directly exposed to the environment to sense airborne odorants;however,this also means it can serve as a direct route of entry from the outside world into the *** a result,olfactotropic infections can have serious consequences,including dysfunction of the olfactory system,CNS invasion,dissemination to the lower respiratory tract,and transmission between *** research has shown that a distinctive immune response is needed to protect this neuronal and mucosal tissue.A better understanding of innate,adaptive,and structural immune barriers in the olfactory mucosa is needed to develop effective therapeutics and vaccines against olfactotropic microbes such as ***,we summarize the ramifications of SARS-CoV-2 infection of the olfactory mucosa,review the subsequent immune response,and discuss important areas of future research for olfactory immunity to infectious disease.

关键词： Mucosal immunology Neuroimmunology Infectious Disease Sars-CoV-2

Seasonal variations in dissolved organic matter concentration and composition in an outdoor system for bank filtration simulation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 252-261页

作者： Muhammad Zeeshan Omamah Ali Shamas Tabraiz Aki sebastian Ruhl German Environment Agency Section II 3.3Schichauweg 5812307BerlinGermany Technische Universitat Berlin Water TreatmentKF4Str.des 17.Juni 13510623BerlinGermany Natural and Applied Sciences Section School of Psychology and Life SciencesCanterbury Christ Church UniversityCanterburyCT11QUUK

Dissolved organic matter(DOM)in surface waters can vary markedly in character depending on seasonal variations such as rainfall intensity,UV radiations and *** in DOM as well as temperature and rainfall intensity over the year can affect the biochemical processes occurring in bank filtration(BF).Identification and characterization of DOM in the surface water could help to optimize the water treatment and provide stable and safe drinking *** study investigated year-long variations of DOM concentrations and compositions in a surface water of a circulated outdoor pond(research facility)connected to a BF *** was dominated by humic substances and a changing pattern of DOM in surface water was observed throughout the year.A significant increase of DOM(~38%)in surface water was noted in August compared to *** fluorescent DOM showed that DOM in summer was enriched with the degradable fraction whilst non-degradable fraction was dominated in winter.A constant(1.7±0.1 mg/L)effluent DOM was recirculated in the system throughout the *** removal through BF varied between 4%to 39%and was achieved within a few meters after infiltration and significantly correlated with influent DOM concentration(R^(2)=0.82,p0.05)change in the removal of DOM was observed in two subsurface layers(upper and lower).This study highlights the presence of a constant non-degradable DOM in the bank filtrate,which was not affected by temperature,redox conditions and UV radiations.

关键词： Bank filtration Dissolved organic matter Dissolved oxygen Fluorescence spectroscopy Excitation-emission matrix

Geographical range evolution of the genus Polypedates(Anura:Rhacophoridae)from the Oligocene to present

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Zoological Research 2021年第1期42卷 116-123页

作者： Li-Mei Yuan Xi-Ling Deng De-Chun Jiang sebastian klaus Nikolai LOrlov Kong Yang Jia-Tang Li Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Southwest Minzu UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization&Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengduSichuan 610041China Department of Ecology and Evolution J.W.Goethe-UniversitätFrankfurt/M.Hessen 60438Germany Zoological Institute Russian Academy of SciencesSt.Petersburg 199034Russia Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesNay Pyi Taw 05282Myanmar CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina

DEAR EDITOR,Currently,the genus Polypedates comprises 26 species distributed in South,Southeast,and East *** of their relatively low dispersal capability and intolerance to seawater,this genus is ideal for the study of terrestrial range evolution that extends into the island archipelagos of southeastern *** this study,based on data compiled for Polypedates from previous studies and partial mitochondrial and nuclear genes collected in this study,we performed systematic biogeographical *** confirmed a Sundaland origin for the extant genus and showed northward dispersal into mainland Southeast Asia and Asia,which coincided with the timing of paleoclimatic change from the Oligocene to Middle *** fluctuations had a profound impact on species diversification within the genus ***,the Red River did not mediate species exchange between Southeast Asia and mainland Asia until the end of the Miocene,with the sudden onset of northward dispersal in several clades independently at that ***,the lineage of widespread insular *** strongly supports the hypothesis of terrestrial connection between island archipelagos of Southeast Asia during the Mid-Pleistocene paleoclimate *** biogeographical analysis also supports the recent introduction of *** to the Philippines and Ryukyus,as previously suggested.

关键词： mainland northward evolution

Severe aspiration pneumonia in the elderly

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第3期4卷 307-317页

作者： sebastian Ocrospoma Marcos I.Restrepo Division of Pulmonary Diseases&Critical Care Medicine University of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA Section of Pulmonary&Critical Care Medicine South Texas Veterans Health Care SystemSan AntonioTXUSA

The global population is aging at an unprecedented rate,resulting in a growing and vulnerable elderly population in need of efficient comprehensive healthcare services that include long-term care and skilled nursing *** this context,severe aspiration pneumonia,a condition that carries substantial morbidity,mortality,and financial burden,especially among elderly patients requiring admission to the intensive care unit,has attracted greater *** pneumonia is defined as a pulmonary infection related to aspiration or dysphagia in *** episodes of coughing on food or liquid intake,a history of relevant underlying conditions,abnormalities on videofluoroscopy or water swallowing,and gravity-dependent shadow distribution on chest imaging are among the clues that suggest *** with aspiration pneumonia tend to be elderly,frail,and suffering from more comorbidities than those without this ***,we comprehensively address the epidemiology,clinical characteristics,diagnosis,treatment,prevention,and prognosis of severe aspiration community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly to optimize care of this high-risk demographic,enhance outcomes,and minimize the healthcare costs associated with this *** preventive measures and effective management strategies is vital in ensuring the well-being of our aging population.

关键词： Aspiration pneumonia Aged Critical illness Swallowing disorders Frailty Antibacterial agents

Integration of bio-inspired limb-like structure damping into motor suspension of high-speed trains to enhance bogie hunting stability

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第3期32卷 324-343页

作者： Heng Zhang Liang Ling sebastian Stichel Wanming Zhai State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China Department of Engineering Mechanics KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden

Hunting stability is an important performance criterion in railway *** study proposes an incorporation of a bio-inspired limb-like structure(LLS)-based nonlinear damping into the motor suspension system for traction units to improve the nonlinear critical speed and hunting stability of high-speed trains(HSTs).Initially,a vibration transmission analysis is conducted on a HST vehicle and a metro vehicle that suffered from hunting motion to explore the effect of different motor suspension systems from on-track ***,a simplified lateral dynamics model of an HST bogie is established to investigate the influence of the motor suspension on the bogie hunting *** bifurcation analysis is applied to optimize the motor suspension parameters for high critical ***,the nonlinear damping of the bio-inspired LLS,which has a positive correlation with the relative displacement,can further improve the modal damping of hunting motion and nonlinear critical speed compared with the linear motor suspension ***,a comprehensive numerical model of a high-speed train,considering all nonlinearities,is established to investigate the influence of different types of motor *** simulation results are well consistent with the theoretical *** benefits of employing nonlinear damping of the bio-inspired LLS into the motor suspension of HSTs to enhance bogie hunting stability are thoroughly validated.

关键词： High-speed train Hunting stability Bio-inspired limb-like structure Motor suspension Nonlinear damping

Wear dependent virtual flow rate sensor for progressing cavity pumps with deformable stator

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1346-1353页

作者： Jens Müller sebastian Leonow Johannes Schulz Christian Hansen Martin Monnigmann Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Universit atsstraûe 150Bochum44801Germany SEEPEX GmbH Scharnh olzstraûe 344Bottrop46240Germany

This contribution presents a novel wear dependent virtual flow rate sensor for single stage single lobe progressing cavity pumps. We study the wear-induced material loss of the pump components and the impact of this material loss on the volumetric efficiency. The results are combined with an established backflow model to implement a backflow calculation procedure that is adaptive to wear. We use a laboratory test setup with a highly abrasive fluid and operate a pump from new to worn condition to validate our approach. The obtained measurement data show that the presented virtual sensor is capable of calculating the flow rate of a pump being subject to wear during its regular operation.

关键词： Backflow Progressing cavity pump Virtual sensor Wear