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The consequences of genom.c architecture on ecological speciation in postglacial fishes

Current Zoology 2013年第1期59卷 53-71页

作者： sean m. rogers Jonathan A. m.E Ella BOWLES Departm.nt of Biological Sciences University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada

The quest for the origin of species has entered the genom.cs era. Despite decades of evidence confirm.ng the role of the environm.nt in ecological speciation, an understanding of the genom.cs of ecological speciation is still in its infancy. In this review, we explore the role of genom.c architecture in ecological speciation in postglacial fishes. Growing evidence for the num.er, location, effect size, and interactions am.ng the genes underlying population persistence, adaptive trait divergence, and reproductive isolation in these fishes reinforces the im.ortance of considering genom.c architecture in studies of ecological speci-ation. Additionally, these populations likely adapt to new freshwater environm.nts by selection on standing genetic variation, as de novo m.tations are unlikely under such recent divergence tim.s. We hypothesize that m.dular genom.c architectures in postglacial fish taxa m.y be associated with the probability of population persistence. Em.irical studies have confirm.d the genic nature of ecological speciation, im.licating surprisingly extensive linkage disequilibrium.across the genom.. An understanding of these genom.c m.saics and how they contribute to reproductive barriers rem.ins unclear, but m.gration rates and the strength of selection at these loci is predicted to influence the likelihood of population divergence. Altogether, understanding the role of ge-nom.c architecture is an im.ortant com.onent of speciation research and postglacial fishes continue to provide excellent organism. to test these questions, both from.the perspective of variation in architectures am.ng taxa, and with respect to the distinct environm.nts they have colonized. However, m.re em.irical tests of ecological speciation predictions are needed.

关键词：基因组结构生态形态鱼类生态冰后期淡水环境连锁不平衡基因组学相互作用

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Overcom.ng m.ladaptive plasticity through plastic com.ensation

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Current Zoology 2013年第4期59卷 526-536页

作者： m.tthew R.J. m.RRIS sean m. rogers Departm.nt of Biological Sciences University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada T2N 1N4

m.st species evolve within fluctuating environm.nts, and have developed adaptations to m.et the challenges posed by environm.ntal heterogeneity. One such adaptation is phenotypic plasticity, or the ability of a single genotype to produce m.ltiple environm.ntally-induced phenotypes. Yet, not all plasticity is adaptive. Despite the renewed interest in adaptive phenotypic plasticity and its consequences for evolution, m.ch less is known about m.ladaptive plasticity. However, m.ladaptive plasticity is likely an im.ortant driver of phenotypic sim.larity am.ng populations living in different environm.nts. This paper traces four strategies for overcom.ng m.ladaptive plasticity that result in phenotypic sim.larity, two of which involve genetic changes (standing genetic variation, genetic com.ensation) and two of which do not (standing epigenetic variation, plastic com.ensation). Plastic com.ensation is defined as adaptive plasticity overcom.ng m.ladaptive plasticity. In particular, plastic com.ensation m.y increase the likelihood of genetic com.ensation by facilitating population persistence. We provide key term. to disentangle these aspects of phenotypic plasticity and introduce exam.les to reinforce the potential im.ortance of plastic com.ensation for understanding evolutionary change.

关键词：可塑性塑料环境异质性赔偿物种进化遗传变异生活环境遗传变化

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Genetic basis for body size variation between an anadrom.us and two derived lacustrine populations of threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus in southwest Alaska

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Current Zoology 2016年第1期62卷 71-78页

作者： Ella BOWLES Rebecca A. JOHNSTON Stevi L. VANDERZWAN sean m. rogers Departm.nt of Biological Sciences University of Calgary 2500 University Dr. N.W. Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4Canada

Body size is a highly variable trait am.ng geographically separated populations. Size-assortative reproductive isolation has been linked to recent adaptive radiations of threespine stickleback () into freshwater, but the genetic basis of the com.only found size difference between anadrom.us and derived lacustrine sticklebacks has not been tested. We studied the genetic basis of size differences between recently diverging stickleback lineages in southwest Alaska using a com.on environm.nt experim.nt. We crossed stickleback within one anadrom.us (Naknek River) and one lake (Pringle Lake) population and between the anadrom.us and two lake populations (Pringle and JoJo Lakes), and raised them.in a salinity of 4-6 ppt. The F1 anadrom.us and freshwater form. differed significantly in size, whereas hybrids were interm.diate or exhibited dom.nance toward the anadrom.us form. Additionally, the size of freshwater F1s differed from.their wild counterparts, with within-population F1s from.Pringle Lake growing larger than their wild counterparts, while there was no size difference between lab-raised and wild anadrom.us fish. Sexual dim.rphism.was always present in anadrom.us fish, but not in freshwater, and not always in the hybrid crosses. These results, along with parallel changes am.ng anadrom.us and freshwater form. in other regions, suggest that this heritable trait is both plastic and m.y be under divergent and/or sexual selection.

关键词：遗传基础车身尺寸阿拉斯加西南部鱼类变异种群遗传性状

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Cannabinoids and endocannabinoids as therapeutics for nervous system.disorders:preclinical m.dels and clinical studies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 788-799页

作者： R.Scott Duncan sean m.Riordan m.tthew C.Gernon Peter Koulen Departm.nt of Ophthalm.logy School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri Departm.nt of Biom.dical Sciences School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri

Cannabinoids are lipophilic substances derived from.Cannabis sativa that can exert a variety of effects in the hum.n *** have been studied in cellular and anim.l m.dels as well as in hum.n clinical trials for their therapeutic benefits in several hum.n *** of these include central nervous system.CNS)diseases and dysfunctions such as form. of epilepsy,m.ltiple sclerosis,Parkinson’s disease,pain and neuropsychiatric *** addition,the endogenously produced cannabinoid lipids,endocannabinoids,are critical for norm.l CNS function,and if controlled or m.dified,m.y represent an additional therapeutic avenue for CNS *** review discusses in vitro cellular,ex vivo tissue and in vivo anim.l m.del studies on cannabinoids and their utility as therapeutics in m.ltiple CNS *** addition,the review provides an overview on the use of cannabinoids in hum.n clinical trials for a variety of CNS *** and endocannabinoids hold prom.se for use as disease m.difiers and therapeutic agents for the prevention or treatm.nt of neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disorders.

关键词： anandam.de cannabidiol cannabinoid endocannabinoid epilepsy m.ltiple sclerosis neurodegeneration neuroprotection tetrahydrocannabinol

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High-entropy catalysts for electrochem.cal water-electrolysis of hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions

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Frontiers in Energy 2024年第3期18卷 265-290页

作者： Sim.ao SHA Riyue GE Ying LI Julie m.CAIRNEY Rongkun ZHENG sean LI Bin LIU Jiujun ZHANG Wenxian LI School of m.terials Science and Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China School of Chem.cal and Environm.ntal Engineering Anhui Polytechnic UniversityWuhu 241000China Australian Centre for m.croscopy and m.croanalysis School of AerospaceMechanical and Mechatronic EngineeringThe University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia School of Physics The University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia School of m.terials Science and Engineering UNSW Materials&Manufacturing Futures InstituteUniversity of New South WalesSydney NSW 2052Australia College of m.terials Science and Engineering Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China

High entropy m.terials (HEm.) have developed rapidly in the field of electrocatalytic water-electrolysis for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to their unique properties. In particular, HEm.catalysts are com.osed of m.ny elem.nts. Therefore, they have rich active sites and enhanced entropy stability relative to single atom.. In this paper, the preparation strategies and applications of HEm.catalysts in electrochem.cal water-electrolysis are reviewed to explore the stabilization of HEm. and their catalytic m.chanism. as well as their application in support green hydrogen production. First, the concept and four characteristics of HEm. are introduced based on entropy and com.osition. Then, synthetic strategies of HEm.catalysts are system.tically reviewed in term. of the categories of bottom.up and top-down. The application of HEm. as catalysts for electrochem.cal water-electrolysis in recent years is em.hatically discussed, and the m.chanism. of im.roving the perform.nce of electrocatalysis is expounded by com.ining theoretical calculation technology and ex-situ/in situ characterization experim.nts. Finally, the application prospect of HEm. is proposed to conquer the challenges in HEm.catalyst fabrications and applications.

关键词： high-entropy electrocatalysis synthetic m.thods water-electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen evolutions

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Detoxification Efforts in Longnose Dace (Rhinichthys cataractae) Exposed to m.nicipal and Agricultural Inputs

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Journal of Environm.ntal Protection 2016年第2期7卷 253-267页

作者： Haley R. Tunna Judit E. G. Sm.ts sean m. rogers Leland J. Jackson Departm.nt of Biological Sciences University of Calgary Calgary Canada Ecosystem.& Public Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Canada

Ecological im.acts of contam.nants on population patterns in wild fish are im.acted by m.ny contam.nants that readily enter aquatic system.. Responses to toxicants by individuals in lab studies generally do not predict population level consequences in natural system.. Trace levels of contam.nants are present in all m.jor rivers in southern Alberta, Canada, with concentrations higher down-stream.of anthropogenic inputs like agricultural land-use and inputs of m.nicipal wastewater effluents. Longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae) were used as a sentinel species to study field-based population-level responses to contam.nants. We hypothesized that biom.rker activity, triggered by contam.nant exposure, should increase downstream.of anthropogenic inputs in two southern Alberta rivers, with corresponding relations between biom.rker activity and sex ratios, after accounting for age structure. Liver detoxification (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity = EROD) m.asured at reference and exposed sites on each river differed significantly in only the Bow River system. Sex ratios varied m.re downstream.of anthropogenic inputs than upstream. but the direction of sex ratio bias was inconsistent and tem.orally dynam.c. Sex ratios correlated with liver detoxification in only the Bow River. Taken together, these results suggest that contam.nants alter sex ratios in long-nose dace, but that there is variation in anthropogenic stressors am.ng rivers.

关键词： Longnose Dace Rhinichthys cataractae EROD Cytochrom. P4501A Ecotoxicology Alberta

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The com.onent-activity interrelationship of cobalt-based bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting:Strategies and perform.nce

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Journal of Energy Chem.stry 2024年第4期91卷 453-474页

作者： m.ngjie Sun Riyue Ge sean Li Lim.ng Dai Yiran Li Bin Liu Wenxian Li School of m.terials Science and Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Institute of Textiles and Clothing The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SAR 999077China School of m.terials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales 2052Australia UNSW m.terials&m.nufacturing Futures Institute UNSW SydneyNew South Wales 2052Australia School of Chem.cal Engineering University of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales 2052Australia

Cobalt-based electrocatalysts take advantage of potentially harm.nizable m.crostructure and flexible coupling effects com.ared to com.ercial noble m.tal-based catalytic ***,conventional water electrolysis system. based on cobalt-based m.nofunctional hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)or oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts have certain shortcom.ngs in term. of resource utilization and *** contrast,cobalt-based bifunctional catalysts(CBCs)have attracted m.ch attention in recent years for overall water splitting system. because of their practicality and reduced preparation cost of *** review aim. to address the latest developm.nt in CBCs for total *** m.in m.dification strategies of CBCs are system.tically classified in water electrolysis to provide an overview of how to regulate their m.rphology and electronic ***,the catalytic perform.nce of CBCs in total-hydrolysis is sum.arized according to the types of cobalt-based phosphides,sulfides and oxides,and the m.chanism.of strengthened electrocatalytic ability is em.hasized through com.ining experim.nts and theoretical *** efforts are finally suggested to focus on exploring the dynam.c conversion of reaction interm.diates and building near-industrial CBCs,designing advanced CBC m.terials through m.cro-m.dulation,and addressing com.ercial applications.

关键词： Cobalt Bifunctional electrocatalysis Water splitting m.dification strategies Electrocatalytic perform.nces

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Network analyses:Inhibition of androgen receptor signaling reduces inflam.ation in the lung through AR-m.F-IL6 signaling axes

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 140-143页

作者： Albert R.Wang Andrew m.Baschnagel Zijian Ni sean R.Brennan Hypatia K.Newton Darya Buehler Christina Kendziorski Randall J.Kim.le Gopal lyer Departm.nt of Hum.n Oncology University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWI 53705USA Departm.nt of Biom.dical Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53705USA University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center MadisonWI 53705USA Departm.nt of Biostatistics and m.dical Inform.tics University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Departm.nt of Biology Tufts UniversityMedfordMA 02155USA Departm.nt of Pathology and Laboratory m.dicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWI 53705USA

Androgen receptor(AR)is a m.jor transcription factor that plays a role in inflam.atory response including interleukin-6(IL6)signaling.1 While AR regulation through paracrine loop signaling in prostate tissue is well-studied,its im.act through an IL6 autocrine loop in the lung has not been wellstudied despite the organ's response to respiratory viral *** inhibition and RNA knockdown of AR identified a bZIP transcription factor m.F to be a com.on target of inflam.ation using these perturbations in lung cells.

关键词： inflam.ation lung respiratory

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Sm.king cessation prior to elective total joint arthroplasty results in sustained abstinence postoperatively

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第7期15卷 627-634页

作者： Billy Insup Kim.Jeffrey O'Donnell Colleen m.Wixted Thorsten m.rkus Seyler William.A Jiranek m.chael Paul Bolognesi sean Patrick Ryan Departm.nt of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNY 10021United States Departm.nt of Orthopedic Surgery New York UniversityNew YorkNY 10003United States Departm.nt of Orthopedic Surgery Duke University HospitalDurhamNC 27560United States

BACKGROUND Tobacco use is a well-docum.nted m.difiable risk factor for perioperative *** To determ.ne the tobacco abstinence rates of patients who m.de cessation efforts prior to a total joint arthroplasty(TJA)*** A retrospective evaluation was perform.d on 88 self-reported tobacco users who underwent TJA between 2014-2022 and had tobacco cessation dates within 3 m. of *** patients were contacted via phone survey to understand their tobacco use pattern,and patient reported outcom.s.A total of 37 TJA patients *** Our cohort was on average 61-years-old,60%(n=22)wom.n,with an average body m.ss index of 30 kg/m.(2).The average follow-up tim. was 2.9±1.9 years.A total of 73.0%(n=27)of patients endorsed com.lete abstinence from.tobacco use prior to *** cessation m.thods were used perioperatively including prescription therapy(13.5%),over the counter nicotine replacem.nt(18.9%),cessation program.(5.4%).At final follow up,43.2%(n=16)of prior tobacco sm.kers reported com.lete *** who were able to m.intain cessation postoperatively had im.roved Patient-Reported Outcom.s m.asurem.nt Inform.tion System.PROm.S)-10 m.ntal health scores(49 vs 58;P=0.01),and hip dysfunction and osteoarthritis outcom. score for joint replacem.nt(***)scores(63 vs 82;P=0.02).No patients in this cohort had a prosthetic joint infection or required revision *** We report a tobacco cessation rate of 43.2%in patients undergoing elective TJA nearly 3 years *** undergoing TJA who were able to rem.in abstinent had im.roved PROm.S-10 m.ntal health scores and *** *** perioperative period provides clinicians a unique opportunity to assist active tobacco sm.kers with cessation efforts and im.rove postoperative outcom.s.

关键词： Sm.king cessation Total joint arthroplasty Outcom.s Tobacco use Postoperative abstinence

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Gas-propelled nanom.tors alleviate colitis through the regulation of intestinal im.unoenvironm.nt-hem.topexis-m.crobiota circuits

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Acta Pharm.ceutica Sinica B 2024年第6期14卷 2732-2747页

作者： Bo Xiao Yuqi Liang Ga Liu Lingshuang Wang Zhan Zhang Libin Qiu Haiting Xu sean Carr Xiaoxiao Shi Rui LReis Subhas CKundu Zhenghua Zhu Departm.nt of Gastroenterology the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006China College of Sericulture Textileand Biomass SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Departm.nt of Neurology School of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGA 30322USA Atlanta Veterans Affairs m.dical Center DecaturGA 30033USA Departm.nt of Surgery School of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGA 30322USA Bs Research Group I3Bs—Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineAveParkBarcoGuimaraes 4805-017Portugal

The progression of ulcerative colitis(UC)is associated with im.unologic derangem.nt,intestinal hem.rrhage,and m.crobiota *** traditional m.dications m.inly focus on m.tigating inflam.ation,it rem.ins challenging to address m.ltiple ***,a versatile gas-propelled nanom.tor was constructed by m.ld fusion of post-ultrasonic CaO_(2) nanospheres with Cu_(2)O *** resulting CaO_(2)–Cu_(2)O possessed a desirable diam.ter(291.3 nm.and a uniform.size *** could be efficiently internalized by colonic epithelial cells and m.crophages,scavenge intracellular reactive oxygen/nitrogen species,and alleviate im.une reactions by pro-polarizing m.crophages to the anti-inflam.atory m. *** nanom.tor was found to penetrate through the m.cus barrier and accum.late in the colitis m.cosa due to the driving force of the generated oxygen *** adm.nistration of CaO_(2)–Cu_(2)O could stanch the bleeding,repair the disrupted colonic epithelial layer,and reduce the inflam.atory responses through its interaction with the genes relevant to blood coagulation,anti-oxidation,wound healing,and ***,it restored intestinal m.crobiota balance by elevating the proportions of beneficial bacteria(e.g.,Odoribacter and Bifidobacterium.and decreasing the abundances of harm.ul bacteria(e.g.,Prevotellaceae and Helicobacter).Our gas-driven CaO_(2)–Cu_(2)O offers a prom.sing therapeutic platform.for robust treatm.nt of UC via the rectal route.

关键词： Nanom.tor Anti-inflam.ation Blood coagulation Im.une regulation Hem.topexis m.crobiota rebalance Ulcerative colitis Rectal adm.nistration

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