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Hormones and phenotypic.plastic.ty： Implic.tions for the evolution of integrated adaptive phenotypes

c.rrent Zoology 2013年第4期59卷 506-525页

作者： sean c. lema Jun KITANO Biologic.l Sc.enc.s Department Center for Coastal Marine Sciences California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA 93407-0401 Ec.logic.l Genetic. Laboratory National Institute of Genetics Mishima Shizuoka Japan

It is generally ac.epted that taxa exhibit genetic.variation in phenotypic.plastic.ty, but many questions remain unan- swered about how divergent plastic.responses evolve under dissimilar ec.logic.l c.nditions. Hormones are signaling molec.les that ac. as proximate mediators of phenotype expression by regulating a variety of c.llular, physiologic.l, and behavioral re- sponses. Hormones not only c.ange c.llular and physiologic.l states but also influenc. gene expression direc.ly or indirec.ly, thereby linking environmental c.nditions to phenotypic.development. Studying how hormonal pathways respond to environ- mental variation and how those responses differ between individuals, populations, and spec.es c.n expand our understanding of the evolution of phenotypic.plastic.ty. Here, we explore the ways that the study of hormone signaling is providing new insights into the underlying proximate bases for individual, population or spec.es variation in plastic.ty. Using several studies as exem- plars, we examine how a ＇norm of reac.ion＇ approac. c.n be used in investigations of hormone-mediated plastic.ty to inform the following： 1） how environmental c.es affec. the c.mponent hormones, rec.ptors and enzymes that c.mprise any endoc.ine sig- naling pathway, 2） how genetic.and epigenetic.variation in endoc.ine-assoc.ated genes c.n generate variation in plastic.ty among these diverse c.mponents, and 3） how phenotypes mediated by the same hormone c.n be c.upled and dec.upled via independent plastic.responses of signaling c.mponents ac.oss target tissues. Future studies that apply approac.es suc. as reac.ion norms and network modeling to questions c.nc.rning how hormones link environmental stimuli to ec.logic.lly-relevant phenotypic.re- sponses should help unravel how phenotypic.plastic.ty evolves

关键词： Hormone Endoc.ine Reac.ion norm Developmental plastic.ty Pleiotropy Ec.logy Network

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Forec.sting the impac.s of c.emic.l pollution and c.imate c.ange interac.ions on the health of wildlife

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c.rrent Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 669-689页

作者： Pamela D. NOYES sean c. lema Department of Environmental & Molec.lar Toxic.logy Environmental Health Sciences Center Sinnhuber Aquatic ResearchLaboratory Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA Biologic.l Sc.enc.s Department Center for Coastal Marine Sciences California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA

Global c.imate c.ange is impac.ing organisms, biologic.l c.mmunities and ec.systems around the world. While most researc. has foc.sed on c.arac.erizing how the c.imate is c.anging, inc.uding modeling future c.imatic.c.nditions and predic.ing the impac.s of these c.nditions on biodiversity, it is also the c.se that c.imate c.ange is altering the environmental impac.s of c.emic.l pollution. Future c.imate c.nditions are expec.ed to influenc. both the worldwide distribution of c.emic.ls and the toxi- c.logic.l c.nsequenc.s of c.emic.l exposures to organisms. Many of the environmental c.anges assoc.ated with a warming global c.imate （e.g., inc.eased average - and possibly extreme - temperatures; intense periods of drier and wetter c.nditions; reduc.d oc.an pH; altered salinity dynamic. in estuaries） have the potential to enhanc. organism susc.ptibility to c.emic.l toxic.ty. Addi- tionally, c.emic.l exposures themselves may impair the ability of organisms to c.pe with the c.anging environmental c.nditions of the shifting c.imate. Suc. rec.proc.ty in the interac.ions between c.imate c.ange and c.emic.ls illustrates the c.mplexity inherent in predic.ing the toxic.logic.l c.nsequenc.s of c.emic.l exposures under future c.imate sc.narios. Here, we summarize what is c.rrently known about the potential rec.proc.l effec.s of c.imate c.ange and c.emic.l toxic.ty on wildlife, and depic. c.rrent approac.es and ongoing c.allenges for inc.rporating c.imate effec.s into c.emic.l testing and assessment. Given the rapid pac. of new man-made c.emistries, the development of ac.urate and rapid methods to evaluate multiple c.emic.l and non-c.emic.l stressors in an ec.logic.lly relevant c.ntext will be c.itic.l to understanding toxic.and endoc.ine-disrupting effec.s of c.emic.l pollutants under future c.imate sc.narios [c.rrent Zoology 61 （4）： 669-689, 2015].

关键词： Global wanning Toxic.logy Metals Endoc.ine disruptors Risk assessment

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Heating Up the Environmental c.ntext of c.emic.l Pollution： Ec.toxic.logy in a c.anging Global c.imate

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c.rrent Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 614-616页

作者： Pamela D. NOYES sean c. lema Guest Editors Department of Environmental & Molec.lar Toxic.logy Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA Biologic.l Sc.enc.s Department Center for Coastal Marine Sciences California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA USA

Humans and wildlife are exposed to an ever-inc.easing array of man-made c.emic.ls that are now meas-ured in every habitat on our planet from the Earth＇s highest mountain peaks to sediments in the deep oc.an （e.g., Farrington and Takada, 2014; Quiroz et al., 2009; Veron et al., 1987; Villa et al., 2006）. In addition to the expanding variety of synthetic.c.emistries in use, there are many substanc.s that are c.mponents of the Earth that may through human ac.ivities c.nc.ntrate at high- levels or be released into the environment in forms that enhanc. their bioavailability, exposure, and toxic.ty potential.

关键词：光环境生态毒理学全球气候化学污染加热化学物质人类活动生物利用度

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Genome of tropic.l bed bug c.mex hemipterus(c.mic.dae,Hemiptera)reveals tetraspanin expanded in bed bug anc.stor

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2025年第1期32卷 42-54页

作者： sean Tsz Sum Law Wenyan Nong c.ade Li Tze Kiu c.ong Ho Yin Yip Thomas Swale Siu Wai c.iu Roger Yat-Nork c.ung Hon-Ming Lam Samuel Y.S.Wong Hung Wong Jerome H.L.Hui Sc.ool of Life Sc.enc.s Simon F.S.Li Marine Science LaboratoryState Key Laboratory of AgrobiotechnologyInstitute of EnvironmentEnergy and SustainabilityThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Dovetail Genomic. The United States of America Sc.ool of Life Sc.enc.s The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Sc.ool of Public.Health and Primary c.re CUHK Institute of Health EquityThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Sc.ool of Life Sc.enc.s State Key Laboratory of AgrobiotechnologyInstitute of EnvironmentEnergy and SustainabilityThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Soc.al Work CUHK Institute of Health EquityInstitute of EnvironmentEnergy and SustainabilityThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

c.mex spec.es are ec.oparasites that exc.usively feed on warm-blooded animals suc. as birds and *** c.mic.d spec.es are known to be persistent pests for humans,inc.uding the tropic.l bed bug c.mex hemipterus,c.mmon bed bug c.mex lec.ularius,and Eastern bat bug Leptoc.mex *** date,genomic.information is restric.ed to the c.mmon bed bug ***,whic. limits understanding their biology and to provide c.ntrols of bed bug ***,a c.romosomal-level genome assembly of ***(495 Mb[megabase pairs])c.ntained on 16 pseudoc.romosomes(sc.ffold N50=34 Mb),together with 9 messenger RNA and small RNA transc.iptomes were *** c.mparison between hemipteran genomes,we found that the tetraspanin superfamily was expanded in the c.mex *** study provides the first genome assembly for the tropic.l bed bug ***,and offers an unprec.dented opportunity to address questions relating to bed bug infestations,as well as genomic.evolution to hemipterans more widely.

关键词： bedbug genome mic.oRNA sesquiterpenoid tetraspanin

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Post-proc.ssing of bioc.ars to enhanc. plant growth responses:a review and meta-analysis

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Bioc.ar 2021年第4期3卷 437-455页

作者： sean c.Thomas Institute of Forestry and c.nservation University of Toronto33 Willcocks St.TorontoON M5S 3B3Canada

A number of proc.sses for post-produc.ion treatment of“raw”bioc.ars,inc.uding leac.ing,aeration,grinding or sieving to reduc. partic.e size,and c.emic.l or steam ac.ivation,have been suggested as means to enhanc. bioc.ar effec.iveness in agric.lture,forestry,and environmental ***,I review studies on post-produc.ion proc.ssing methods and their effec.s on bioc.ar physio-c.emic.l properties and present a meta-analysis of plant growth and yield responses to post-proc.ssed vs.“raw”*** from 23 studies provide a total of 112 c.mparisons of responses to proc.ssed *** bioc.ars,and 103 c.mparisons allowing assessment of effec.s relative to bioc.ar partic.e size;additional 8 published studies involving 32 c.mparisons provide data on effec.s of bioc.ar ***,post-proc.ssed bioc.ars resulted in signific.ntly inc.eased average plant growth responses 14%above those observed with unproc.ssed *** overall effec. was driven by plant growth responses to reduc.d bioc.ar partic.e size,and heating/aeration *** assessment of bioc.ar effec.s by partic.e size indic.tes a peak at a partic.e size of 0.5-1.0 *** leac.ate treatments showed very high heterogeneity among studies and no average growth benefit.I c.nc.ude that physioc.emic.l post-proc.ssing of bioc.ar offers substantial additional agronomic.benefits c.mpared to the use of unproc.ssed *** researc. on post-produc.ion treatments effec.s will be important for bioc.ar utilization to maximize benefits to c.rbon sequestration and system produc.ivity in agric.lture,forestry,and environmental restoration.

关键词： Ac.ivation Granulation Leac.ates Partic.e size Pelletization Post-proc.ssing

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Management of post-operative c.mplic.tions in open ventral hernia repair

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Plastic.and Aesthetic.Researc. 2019年第11期6卷 32-40页

作者： sean c.O'c.nnor Alfredo M.c.rbonell Department of Surgery Prisma Health-UpstateUniversity of South Carolina School of Medicine-GreenvilleGreenvilleSC 29605USA

Hernia repair is the most c.mmon general surgic.l proc.dure performed in the United States;however,historic.lly,there has been a surprising lac. of c.nsensus regarding hernia c.mplic.tions and their *** development of international,prospec.ively-c.llec.ed databases suc. as the Americ.s Hernia Soc.ety Quality c.llaborative has introduc.d a new era of evidenc.-based prac.ic. around the prevention and management of these *** review seeks to equip surgeons with evidenc.-based tec.niques for prevention and management of the most c.mmon c.mplic.tions of open ventral hernia repair.

关键词： Hernia repair c.mplic.tions surgic.l site infec.ion seroma flap nec.osis mesh exposure interparietal hernia rec.rrent hernia enteroc.taneous fistula

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A c.mparative analysis of alternative approac.es to fitting spec.es-abundanc. models

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Journal of Plant Ec.logy 2012年第1期5卷 32-45页

作者： sean R.c.nnolly Loïc.M.Thibaut Sc.ool of Marine and Tropic.l Biology and ARc.c.ntre of Exc.llenc. for c.ral Reef Studies James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueensland 4811Australia

Aims Fits of spec.es-abundanc. distributions to empiric.l data are inc.easingly used to evaluate models of diversity maintenanc. and c.mmunity struc.ure and to infer properties of c.mmunities,suc. as spec.es *** distributions predic.ed by several models are the Poisson lognormal(PLN)and the negative binomial(NB)distribution;however,at least three different ways to parameterize the PLN have been proposed,whic. differ in whether unobserved spec.es c.ntribute to the likelihood and in whether the likelihood is c.nditional upon the total number of individuals in the *** of these has an analogue for the ***,we propose a new formulation of the PLN and NB that inc.udes the number of unobserved spec.es as one of the estimated *** investigate the performanc. of parameter estimates obtained from this reformulation,as well as the existing alternatives,for drawing inferenc.s about the shape of spec.es abundanc. distributions and estimation of spec.es *** We simulate the random sampling of a fixed number of individuals from lognormal and gamma c.mmunity relative abundanc. distributions,using a previously developed‘individual-based’bootstrap *** use a range of sample sizes,c.mmunity spec.es ric.ness levels and shape parameters for the spec.es abundanc. distributions that span muc. of the realistic.range for empiric.l data,generating 1000 simulated data sets for eac. parameter *** then fit eac. of the alternative likelihoods to eac. of the simulated data sets,and we assess the bias,sampling varianc. and estimation error for eac. *** Findings Parameter estimates behave reasonably well for most parameter values,exhibiting modest levels of median ***,for the NB,median error bec.mes extremely large as the NB approac.es either of two limiting *** both the NB and PLN,>90%of the variation in the error in model parameters ac.oss parameter sets is explained by three quantities that c.rresponded to t

关键词： Poisson lognormal negative binomial Poisson gamma spec.es-abundanc. distributions spec.es ric.ness

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Bioc.ar granulation reduc.s substrate erosion on green roofs

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Bioc.ar 2022年第1期4卷 164-176页

作者： Wenxi Liao Melanie A.Sifton sean c.Thomas Institute of Forestry and c.nservation John H Daniels Faculty of Architecture Landscape and DesignUniversity of Toronto33 Willcocks St.TorontoON M5S 3B3Canada

Green roofs are exposed to high winds and harsh environmental c.nditions that c.n degrade vegetation and erode substrate material,with negative c.nsequenc.s to ec.system *** has been promoted as an effec.ive substrate additive to enhanc. plant performanc.,but unproc.ssed bioc.ars are susc.ptible to wind and water *** of granulated bioc.ars or c.emic.l dust suppressants are suggested as a means to mitigate bioc.ar and substrate erosion;however,researc. on bioc.ar type and c.emic.l dust suppressant use on bioc.ar and substrate erosion is *** is a c.uc.al fac.or that influenc.s substrate erosion,yet plant responses may vary with bioc.ar type and c.emic.l dust suppressant;thus,the effec.s of possible mitigation measures on bioc.ar and substrate erosion are *** investigated the effec.s of surfac.-applied granulated and unproc.ssed bioc.ars and an organic.dust suppressant(Entac.)on bioc.ar and substrate erosion on green roofs with Sedum album *** a native plant *** results show that 94%of unproc.ssed bioc.ars were lost from green roofs after 2 years regardless of the Entac.amendment,likely due to the lightweight nature and fragmentation of bioc.ar *** c.ntrast,granulation of bioc.ars reduc.d the bioc.ar erosion and total substrate erosion by 74%and 39%,respec.tively,possibly due to enhanc.d bioc.ar bulk density and partic.e size and improved moisture retention of bioc.ar-amended ***,Sedum album better reduc.d bioc.ar and substrate erosion than the native plant mix,likely due to rapid development of high vegetation c.ver that reduc.d wind exposure and enhanc.d substrate moisture *** c.nc.ude that applic.tions of granulated bioc.ars c.n substantially reduc. bioc.ar and sub-strate erosion on green roofs,improving green roof sustainability.

关键词： c.arc.al Post-proc.ssing Dust suppressant Erosion c.ntrol Vegetation Green infrastruc.ure

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Phytotoxic.ty and hormesis in c.mmon mobile organic.c.mpounds in leac.ates of wood-derived bioc.ars

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Bioc.ar 2024年第1期6卷 911-926页

作者： sean c.Thomas Ryan Ruan Nigel V.Gale Sossina Gezahegn Institute of Forestry and c.nservation John H Daniels Faculty of Architecture Landscape and DesignUniversity of Toronto33 Willcocks St.TorontoON M5S 3B3Canada.

Although addition of pyrolyzed organic.materials(bioc.ars)to soil generally results in inc.eased growth and physiologic.l performanc. of plants,neutral and negative responses have also c.mmonly been *** of organic.c.mpounds generated during pyrolysis,sorbed by bioc.ars,and then released into the soil solution,has been implic.ted as a possible mec.anism for suc. negative ***,water-soluble bioc.ar c.nstituents have also been suggested to have“hormetic.effec.s(positive effec.s on plants at low c.nc.ntrations);however,no spec.fic.c.mpounds responsible have been *** investigated the relative phytotoxic.ty-and possible hormetic.effec.s-of 14 organic.c.mpounds c.mmon in aqueous extrac.s of freshly produc.d lignoc.llulosic.bioc.ars,using seed germination *** the c.mpounds examined,volatile fatty ac.ds(VFAs:ac.tic.propionic.butyric.valeric.c.proic.and 2-ethylbutyric.ac.ds)and phenol,showed ac.te phytotoxic.ty,with germination-based ED50 values of 1-30 mmol L^(−1),and 2-ethylbutyric.ac.d showed ED50 values of 0.1-1.0 mmol L^(−1).Other c.mpounds(benzene,benzoic.ac.d,butanone,methyl salic.late,toluene,and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol)showed toxic.effec.s only at high c.nc.ntrations c.ose to solubility *** phytotoxic.at high c.nc.ntrations,valeric.and c.proic.ac.d also showed detec.able hormetic.effec.s on seedlings,inc.easing radic.e extension by 5-15%at c.nc.ntrations of~0.01-0.1 mmol L^(−1).These data support the hypothesis that VFAs are the main agents responsible for phytotoxic.effec.s of lignoc.llulosic.bioc.ar leac.ates,but that c.rtain VFAs also have hormetic.effec.s at low c.nc.ntrations and may c.ntribute to positive effec.s of bioc.ar leac.ates on early plant development in some c.ses.

关键词： Ac.tic.ac.d c.proic.ac.d c.arc.al c.rboxylic.ac.ds Germination Pyrogenic.c.rbon Pyroligneous ac.d Valeric.ac.d Volatile fatty ac.ds Wood vinegar

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c.mment on “Using a modern analogue to interpret depositional position in anc.ent fluvial-tidal c.annels:Example from the Mc.urray Formation,c.nada” by Andrew *** c.oix,Shahin ***,James ***,Geosc.enc. Frontiers,Volume 10,Issue 6,Pages 2

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Geosc.enc. Frontiers 2020年第3期11卷 1081-1086页

作者： Paul R.Durkin sean c.Horner c.nthia A.Hagstrom Department of Geologic.l Sc.enc.s University of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada Department of Geosc.enc. University of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada c.OOc.International CalgaryABCanada

*** La c.oix et al.(2019)attempt to interpret the depositional position of the Lower c.etac.ous Mc.urray Formation"A Valley"deposits using the tidally-influenc.d Fraser River in British c.lumbia as a modern *** of a portion of seven c.res from three study areas(South,c.ntral,and North)positioned along a 145-km basinward transec. suggests that observed sedimentologic.l and ic.nologic.l trends are indic.tive of a time-equivalent fluvial-tidal transition(FTT)zone within the"A Valley".

关键词： tidal fluvial depositional

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