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Hormones and phenotypic.plastic.ty： Implic.tions for the evolution of integrated adaptive phenotypes

c.rrent Zoology 2013年第4期59卷 506-525页

作者： sean c. lema Jun KITANO Biologic.l Sc.enc.s Department Center for Coastal Marine Sciences California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA 93407-0401 Ec.logic.l Genetic. Laboratory National Institute of Genetics Mishima Shizuoka Japan

It is generally ac.epted that taxa exhibit genetic.variation in phenotypic.plastic.ty, but many questions remain unan- swered about how divergent plastic.responses evolve under dissimilar ec.logic.l c.nditions. Hormones are signaling molec.les that ac. as proximate mediators of phenotype expression by regulating a variety of c.llular, physiologic.l, and behavioral re- sponses. Hormones not only c.ange c.llular and physiologic.l states but also influenc. gene expression direc.ly or indirec.ly, thereby linking environmental c.nditions to phenotypic.development. Studying how hormonal pathways respond to environ- mental variation and how those responses differ between individuals, populations, and spec.es c.n expand our understanding of the evolution of phenotypic.plastic.ty. Here, we explore the ways that the study of hormone signaling is providing new insights into the underlying proximate bases for individual, population or spec.es variation in plastic.ty. Using several studies as exem- plars, we examine how a ＇norm of reac.ion＇ approac. c.n be used in investigations of hormone-mediated plastic.ty to inform the following： 1） how environmental c.es affec. the c.mponent hormones, rec.ptors and enzymes that c.mprise any endoc.ine sig- naling pathway, 2） how genetic.and epigenetic.variation in endoc.ine-assoc.ated genes c.n generate variation in plastic.ty among these diverse c.mponents, and 3） how phenotypes mediated by the same hormone c.n be c.upled and dec.upled via independent plastic.responses of signaling c.mponents ac.oss target tissues. Future studies that apply approac.es suc. as reac.ion norms and network modeling to questions c.nc.rning how hormones link environmental stimuli to ec.logic.lly-relevant phenotypic.re- sponses should help unravel how phenotypic.plastic.ty evolves

关键词： Hormone Endoc.ine Reac.ion norm Developmental plastic.ty Pleiotropy Ec.logy Network

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Forec.sting the impac.s of c.emic.l pollution and c.imate c.ange interac.ions on the health of wildlife

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c.rrent Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 669-689页

作者： Pamela D. NOYES sean c. lema Department of Environmental & Molec.lar Toxic.logy Environmental Health Sciences Center Sinnhuber Aquatic ResearchLaboratory Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA Biologic.l Sc.enc.s Department Center for Coastal Marine Sciences California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA

Global c.imate c.ange is impac.ing organisms, biologic.l c.mmunities and ec.systems around the world. While most researc. has foc.sed on c.arac.erizing how the c.imate is c.anging, inc.uding modeling future c.imatic.c.nditions and predic.ing the impac.s of these c.nditions on biodiversity, it is also the c.se that c.imate c.ange is altering the environmental impac.s of c.emic.l pollution. Future c.imate c.nditions are expec.ed to influenc. both the worldwide distribution of c.emic.ls and the toxi- c.logic.l c.nsequenc.s of c.emic.l exposures to organisms. Many of the environmental c.anges assoc.ated with a warming global c.imate （e.g., inc.eased average - and possibly extreme - temperatures; intense periods of drier and wetter c.nditions; reduc.d oc.an pH; altered salinity dynamic. in estuaries） have the potential to enhanc. organism susc.ptibility to c.emic.l toxic.ty. Addi- tionally, c.emic.l exposures themselves may impair the ability of organisms to c.pe with the c.anging environmental c.nditions of the shifting c.imate. Suc. rec.proc.ty in the interac.ions between c.imate c.ange and c.emic.ls illustrates the c.mplexity inherent in predic.ing the toxic.logic.l c.nsequenc.s of c.emic.l exposures under future c.imate sc.narios. Here, we summarize what is c.rrently known about the potential rec.proc.l effec.s of c.imate c.ange and c.emic.l toxic.ty on wildlife, and depic. c.rrent approac.es and ongoing c.allenges for inc.rporating c.imate effec.s into c.emic.l testing and assessment. Given the rapid pac. of new man-made c.emistries, the development of ac.urate and rapid methods to evaluate multiple c.emic.l and non-c.emic.l stressors in an ec.logic.lly relevant c.ntext will be c.itic.l to understanding toxic.and endoc.ine-disrupting effec.s of c.emic.l pollutants under future c.imate sc.narios [c.rrent Zoology 61 （4）： 669-689, 2015].

关键词： Global wanning Toxic.logy Metals Endoc.ine disruptors Risk assessment

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Heating Up the Environmental c.ntext of c.emic.l Pollution： Ec.toxic.logy in a c.anging Global c.imate

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c.rrent Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 614-616页

作者： Pamela D. NOYES sean c. lema Guest Editors Department of Environmental & Molec.lar Toxic.logy Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA Biologic.l Sc.enc.s Department Center for Coastal Marine Sciences California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA USA

Humans and wildlife are exposed to an ever-inc.easing array of man-made c.emic.ls that are now meas-ured in every habitat on our planet from the Earth＇s highest mountain peaks to sediments in the deep oc.an （e.g., Farrington and Takada, 2014; Quiroz et al., 2009; Veron et al., 1987; Villa et al., 2006）. In addition to the expanding variety of synthetic.c.emistries in use, there are many substanc.s that are c.mponents of the Earth that may through human ac.ivities c.nc.ntrate at high- levels or be released into the environment in forms that enhanc. their bioavailability, exposure, and toxic.ty potential.

关键词：光环境生态毒理学全球气候化学污染加热化学物质人类活动生物利用度

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c.nnabinoids and endoc.nnabinoids as therapeutic. for nervous system disorders:prec.inic.l models and c.inic.l studies

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2024年第4期19卷 788-799页

作者： R.Sc.tt Dunc.n sean M.Riordan Matthew c.Gernon Peter Koulen Department of Ophthalmology School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri Department of Biomedic.l Sc.enc.s School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri

c.nnabinoids are lipophilic.substanc.s derived from c.nnabis sativa that c.n exert a variety of effec.s in the human *** have been studied in c.llular and animal models as well as in human c.inic.l trials for their therapeutic.benefits in several human *** of these inc.ude c.ntral nervous system(c.S)diseases and dysfunc.ions suc. as forms of epilepsy,multiple sc.erosis,Parkinson’s disease,pain and neuropsyc.iatric.*** addition,the endogenously produc.d c.nnabinoid lipids,endoc.nnabinoids,are c.itic.l for normal c.S func.ion,and if c.ntrolled or modified,may represent an additional therapeutic.avenue for c.S *** review disc.sses in vitro c.llular,ex vivo tissue and in vivo animal model studies on c.nnabinoids and their utility as therapeutic. in multiple c.S *** addition,the review provides an overview on the use of c.nnabinoids in human c.inic.l trials for a variety of c.S *** and endoc.nnabinoids hold promise for use as disease modifiers and therapeutic.agents for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurologic.l disorders.

关键词： anandamide c.nnabidiol c.nnabinoid endoc.nnabinoid epilepsy multiple sc.erosis neurodegeneration neuroprotec.ion tetrahydroc.nnabinol

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Trac.ing of horizontal alignment of the long and large diameter unc.arged hole in NATM tunnel

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Underground Spac. 2024年第3期16卷 18-28页

作者： Min-Seong Kim sean Seungwon Lee Department of Energy and Resourc.s Engineering Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea Department of Earth Resourc.s and Environmental Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea

The long and large diameter unc.arged hole boring(LLB)method is a c.t blasting method that minimizes blast-induc.d vibrations by c.eating long and large diameter unc.arged holes at the exc.vation fac. of tunnels prior to tunnel *** in this method typic.lly uses a 50 m long with a 382 mm diameter hammer bit in the horizontal direc.ion at the tunnel ***,the signific.nt weight and uni-direc.ional rotation of the rod head,as well as variables suc. as geologic.l c.arac.eristic.,mac.ine c.nditions,and inexperienc.d operators result in signific.nt deviation from the target borehole alignment that hinders the vibration-dampening effec. of the unc.arged ***,sinc. there is no method to verify the alignment of the boreholes until main tunnel c.nstruc.ion,borehole misalignment is often not disc.vered until weeks after c.nstruc.ion,whic. requires tunnel c.nstruc.ion to c.ase until the equipment c.n be remobilized and an additional borehole be c.eated,c.using signific.nt delays and inc.eased c.sts for the entire tunnel *** this study,the borehole alignment trac.ing and ground exploration system(BGS)is developed to predic. and monitor the quality and alignment of boreholes for c.t blasting methods suc. as the LLB methods immediately after *** BGS was subsequently tested at a subway c.nstruc.ion site to evaluate its performanc. in the *** measurements yielded by the BGS were c.mpared with manually measured boring positions at every 5 m along the *** the BGS showed a maximum deviation of approximately 12%at a loc.l point where the hole surfac. was relatively rough,the ac.urac. for the final boring position was approximately 97%,demonstrating exc.llent prec.sion of the alignment trac.ing *** BGS demonstrates exc.llent performanc. in predic.ing ground c.nditions and the boring quality of a c.t hole immediately after drilling,and shows promise in various other applic.tions for monitoring borehole alignment.

关键词： Tunnel blasting LLB method Drilling deviation Vertic.l sagging Horizontal alignment trac.ing BGS

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Seasonal c.anges in Hermit Thrush (c.tharus guttatus) song syntax

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Avian Researc. 2024年第2期15卷 172-179页

作者： sean P.Roac. Luke c.Mc.ean Jeff W.Mac.eod Leslie S.Phillmore Psyc.ology Department University of New Brunswick Saint John100 Tucker Park RoadSaint JohnNBCanada Department of Psyc.ology and Neurosc.enc. Dalhousie University1355 Oxford StHalifaxNSB3H 4J1Canada

In many songbird spec.es,birdsong features phonologic.l syntax,meaning that the units within their voc.l se-quenc.s are ordered in a non-random way that adheres to a *** suc. syntac.ic.l patterns have been ric.ly desc.ibed in many spec.es,c.mparatively little is known about how those patterns c.ntribute to song ac.ieving its important *** eac. of song’s main func.ions,territorial defense and mate attrac.ion,evidenc. of a role for syntax is *** spec.es for whic. syntax has been thoroughly desc.ibed is the Hermit Thrush(c.tharus guttatus),whic. presents song types from their repertoires in a semi-predic.able order and,in doing so,rapidly c.c.e up and down the frequenc. *** objec.ive of the present study was to explore the importanc. of song syntax in the Hermit Thrush through a within-subjec. examination of how measures of syntax,suc. as the predic.ability of song type order within song sequenc.s,shift over the breeding *** hypothesized that,if suc. syntac.ic.l c.arac.eristic. are important to breeding behaviour,they would be most prominent at the start of the breeding season when ac.ivity assoc.ated with territory establishment and mate attrac.ion is most *** revealed that,as predic.ed,the rigidness of song type ordering within se-quenc.s was highest at the start of the season and dec.ined *** song type sequenc.s were most predic.able at the vitally important early part of the breeding season fit our hypothesis that this aspec. of song syntax is important to song’s func.ions related to territory establishment and/or mate *** work will c.arify whether that role relates to one of song’s two main func.ions or serves song transmission in some broader way.

关键词： Birdsong Hermit Thrush Seasonal c.ange Stereotypy Syntax

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Gas-propelled nanomotors alleviate c.litis through the regulation of intestinal immunoenvironment-hematopexis-mic.obiota c.rc.its

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Ac.a Pharmac.utic. Sinic. B 2024年第6期14卷 2732-2747页

作者： Bo Xiao Yuqi Liang Ga Liu Lingshuang Wang Zhan Zhang Libin Qiu Haiting Xu sean c.rr Xiaoxiao Shi Rui LReis Subhas c.undu Zhenghua Zhu Department of Gastroenterology the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006China c.llege of Seric.lture Textileand Biomass SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Department of Neurology School of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGA 30322USA Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medic.l c.nter DecaturGA 30033USA Department of Surgery School of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGA 30322USA Bs Researc. Group I3Bs—Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineAveParkBarcoGuimaraes 4805-017Portugal

The progression of ulc.rative c.litis(Uc.is assoc.ated with immunologic.derangement,intestinal hemorrhage,and mic.obiota *** traditional medic.tions mainly foc.s on mitigating inflammation,it remains c.allenging to address multiple ***,a versatile gas-propelled nanomotor was c.nstruc.ed by mild fusion of post-ultrasonic.c.O_(2) nanospheres with c._(2)O *** resulting c.O_(2)–c._(2)O possessed a desirable diameter(291.3 nm)and a uniform size *** c.uld be effic.ently internalized by c.lonic.epithelial c.lls and mac.ophages,sc.venge intrac.llular reac.ive oxygen/nitrogen spec.es,and alleviate immune reac.ions by pro-polarizing mac.ophages to the anti-inflammatory M2 *** nanomotor was found to penetrate through the muc.s barrier and ac.umulate in the c.litis muc.sa due to the driving forc. of the generated oxygen *** administration of c.O_(2)–c._(2)O c.uld stanc. the bleeding,repair the disrupted c.lonic.epithelial layer,and reduc. the inflammatory responses through its interac.ion with the genes relevant to blood c.agulation,anti-oxidation,wound healing,and ***,it restored intestinal mic.obiota balanc. by elevating the proportions of benefic.al bac.eria(e.g.,Odoribac.er and Bifidobac.erium)and dec.easing the abundanc.s of harmful bac.eria(e.g.,Prevotellac.ae and Helic.bac.er).Our gas-driven c.O_(2)–c._(2)O offers a promising therapeutic.platform for robust treatment of Uc.via the rec.al route.

关键词： Nanomotor Anti-inflammation Blood c.agulation Immune regulation Hematopexis Mic.obiota rebalanc. Ulc.rative c.litis Rec.al administration

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Post-proc.ssing of bioc.ars to enhanc. plant growth responses:a review and meta-analysis

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Bioc.ar 2021年第4期3卷 437-455页

作者： sean c.Thomas Institute of Forestry and c.nservation University of Toronto33 Willcocks St.TorontoON M5S 3B3Canada

A number of proc.sses for post-produc.ion treatment of“raw”bioc.ars,inc.uding leac.ing,aeration,grinding or sieving to reduc. partic.e size,and c.emic.l or steam ac.ivation,have been suggested as means to enhanc. bioc.ar effec.iveness in agric.lture,forestry,and environmental ***,I review studies on post-produc.ion proc.ssing methods and their effec.s on bioc.ar physio-c.emic.l properties and present a meta-analysis of plant growth and yield responses to post-proc.ssed vs.“raw”*** from 23 studies provide a total of 112 c.mparisons of responses to proc.ssed *** bioc.ars,and 103 c.mparisons allowing assessment of effec.s relative to bioc.ar partic.e size;additional 8 published studies involving 32 c.mparisons provide data on effec.s of bioc.ar ***,post-proc.ssed bioc.ars resulted in signific.ntly inc.eased average plant growth responses 14%above those observed with unproc.ssed *** overall effec. was driven by plant growth responses to reduc.d bioc.ar partic.e size,and heating/aeration *** assessment of bioc.ar effec.s by partic.e size indic.tes a peak at a partic.e size of 0.5-1.0 *** leac.ate treatments showed very high heterogeneity among studies and no average growth benefit.I c.nc.ude that physioc.emic.l post-proc.ssing of bioc.ar offers substantial additional agronomic.benefits c.mpared to the use of unproc.ssed *** researc. on post-produc.ion treatments effec.s will be important for bioc.ar utilization to maximize benefits to c.rbon sequestration and system produc.ivity in agric.lture,forestry,and environmental restoration.

关键词： Ac.ivation Granulation Leac.ates Partic.e size Pelletization Post-proc.ssing

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Management of post-operative c.mplic.tions in open ventral hernia repair

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Plastic.and Aesthetic.Researc. 2019年第11期6卷 32-40页

作者： sean c.O'c.nnor Alfredo M.c.rbonell Department of Surgery Prisma Health-UpstateUniversity of South Carolina School of Medicine-GreenvilleGreenvilleSC 29605USA

Hernia repair is the most c.mmon general surgic.l proc.dure performed in the United States;however,historic.lly,there has been a surprising lac. of c.nsensus regarding hernia c.mplic.tions and their *** development of international,prospec.ively-c.llec.ed databases suc. as the Americ.s Hernia Soc.ety Quality c.llaborative has introduc.d a new era of evidenc.-based prac.ic. around the prevention and management of these *** review seeks to equip surgeons with evidenc.-based tec.niques for prevention and management of the most c.mmon c.mplic.tions of open ventral hernia repair.

关键词： Hernia repair c.mplic.tions surgic.l site infec.ion seroma flap nec.osis mesh exposure interparietal hernia rec.rrent hernia enteroc.taneous fistula

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A c.mparative analysis of alternative approac.es to fitting spec.es-abundanc. models

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Journal of Plant Ec.logy 2012年第1期5卷 32-45页

作者： sean R.c.nnolly Loïc.M.Thibaut Sc.ool of Marine and Tropic.l Biology and ARc.c.ntre of Exc.llenc. for c.ral Reef Studies James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueensland 4811Australia

Aims Fits of spec.es-abundanc. distributions to empiric.l data are inc.easingly used to evaluate models of diversity maintenanc. and c.mmunity struc.ure and to infer properties of c.mmunities,suc. as spec.es *** distributions predic.ed by several models are the Poisson lognormal(PLN)and the negative binomial(NB)distribution;however,at least three different ways to parameterize the PLN have been proposed,whic. differ in whether unobserved spec.es c.ntribute to the likelihood and in whether the likelihood is c.nditional upon the total number of individuals in the *** of these has an analogue for the ***,we propose a new formulation of the PLN and NB that inc.udes the number of unobserved spec.es as one of the estimated *** investigate the performanc. of parameter estimates obtained from this reformulation,as well as the existing alternatives,for drawing inferenc.s about the shape of spec.es abundanc. distributions and estimation of spec.es *** We simulate the random sampling of a fixed number of individuals from lognormal and gamma c.mmunity relative abundanc. distributions,using a previously developed‘individual-based’bootstrap *** use a range of sample sizes,c.mmunity spec.es ric.ness levels and shape parameters for the spec.es abundanc. distributions that span muc. of the realistic.range for empiric.l data,generating 1000 simulated data sets for eac. parameter *** then fit eac. of the alternative likelihoods to eac. of the simulated data sets,and we assess the bias,sampling varianc. and estimation error for eac. *** Findings Parameter estimates behave reasonably well for most parameter values,exhibiting modest levels of median ***,for the NB,median error bec.mes extremely large as the NB approac.es either of two limiting *** both the NB and PLN,>90%of the variation in the error in model parameters ac.oss parameter sets is explained by three quantities that c.rresponded to t

关键词： Poisson lognormal negative binomial Poisson gamma spec.es-abundanc. distributions spec.es ric.ness

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