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cONFLIcT ANALYSIS APPROAcHES FOR INVESTIGATING ATTITUDES AND MISPERcEPTIONS IN THE wAR OF 1812

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2007年第2期16卷 181-201页

作者： Takehiro INOHARA Keith w. HIPEL sean wALKER Department of Value and Decision Science Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada

Formal systems engineering approaches to modeling misperceptions and attitudes are employed within the framework of the graph model for conflict resolution to systematically study the war of 1812 between the United States of America and Great Britain in order to provide enhanced insights into the causes of the war. More specifically, relational definitions for preferences, movements and stability concepts are defined for describing the attitudes and associated behavior of decision makers involved in a conflict. To capture misperceptions of decision makers in the war of 1812, attitudes are studied within the structure of a hypergame. combining attitudes and misperceptions within the paradigm of the graph model furnishes the flexible analytical tool which demonstrates that misunderstanding of attitudes by Great Britain and the United States may have contributed to the outbreak of this nasty war.

关键词： Attitudes conflict analysis graph model for conflict resolution misperceptions relational stability concepts war of 1812

DOMINATING ATTITUDES IN THE GRAPH MODEL FOR cONFLIcT RESOLUTION

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2012年第3期21卷 316-336页

作者： sean Bernath wALKER Keith w.HIPEL Takehiro INOHARA Department of Systems Design Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooCanada Department of Value and Decision Science Tokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyoJapan

A formal methodology for analyzing the importance of weighing a decision maker＇s attitudes in a conflict is introduced and applied to the problem of negotiating a fair transfer of a brownfield property. A decision maker＇s attitudes are expressed in his consideration of his own preferences, as well as those of his opponents. Dominating attitudes are used to suggest that in a circumstance in which a decision maker takes into account multiple perspectives due to his attitudes, he may favor one perspective more heavily. The analysis of a brownfield acquisition conflict illustrates the types of insights that this methodology reveals.

关键词： conflict analysis attitudes preferences graph model for conflict resolution dominatingattitudes brownfields

Post-processing of biochars to enhance plant growth responses:a review and meta-analysis

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Biochar 2021年第4期3卷 437-455页

作者： sean c.Thomas Institute of Forestry and conservation University of Toronto33 Willcocks St.TorontoON M5S 3B3Canada

A number of processes for post-production treatment of“raw”biochars,including leaching,aeration,grinding or sieving to reduce particle size,and chemical or steam activation,have been suggested as means to enhance biochar effectiveness in agriculture,forestry,and environmental ***,I review studies on post-production processing methods and their effects on biochar physio-chemical properties and present a meta-analysis of plant growth and yield responses to post-processed vs.“raw”*** from 23 studies provide a total of 112 comparisons of responses to processed *** biochars,and 103 comparisons allowing assessment of effects relative to biochar particle size;additional 8 published studies involving 32 comparisons provide data on effects of biochar ***,post-processed biochars resulted in significantly increased average plant growth responses 14%above those observed with unprocessed *** overall effect was driven by plant growth responses to reduced biochar particle size,and heating/aeration *** assessment of biochar effects by particle size indicates a peak at a particle size of 0.5-1.0 *** leachate treatments showed very high heterogeneity among studies and no average growth benefit.I conclude that physiochemical post-processing of biochar offers substantial additional agronomic benefits compared to the use of unprocessed *** research on post-production treatments effects will be important for biochar utilization to maximize benefits to carbon sequestration and system productivity in agriculture,forestry,and environmental restoration.

关键词： Activation Granulation Leachates Particle size Pelletization Post-processing

Direct Air carbon capture Takes Baby Steps-Giant Strides Are Needed sean O’Neill

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Engineering 2022年第1期8卷 3-5页

作者： sean O’Neill 机构不详

In September 2021,the world’s largest industrial plant to pull carbon dioxide(cO_(2))directly out of the atmosphere officially became operational in *** and built by the Zurich,Switzerland-based company climeworks,it... 详细信息

关键词： remove store permanent

Hormones and phenotypic plasticity： Implications for the evolution of integrated adaptive phenotypes

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current Zoology 2013年第4期59卷 506-525页

作者： sean c. LEMA Jun KITANO Biological Sciences Department Center for Coastal Marine Sciences California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA 93407-0401 Ecological Genetics Laboratory National Institute of Genetics Mishima Shizuoka Japan

It is generally accepted that taxa exhibit genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity, but many questions remain unan- swered about how divergent plastic responses evolve under dissimilar ecological conditions. Hormones are signaling molecules that act as proximate mediators of phenotype expression by regulating a variety of cellular, physiological, and behavioral re- sponses. Hormones not only change cellular and physiological states but also influence gene expression directly or indirectly, thereby linking environmental conditions to phenotypic development. Studying how hormonal pathways respond to environ- mental variation and how those responses differ between individuals, populations, and species can expand our understanding of the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Here, we explore the ways that the study of hormone signaling is providing new insights into the underlying proximate bases for individual, population or species variation in plasticity. Using several studies as exem- plars, we examine how a ＇norm of reaction＇ approach can be used in investigations of hormone-mediated plasticity to inform the following： 1） how environmental cues affect the component hormones, receptors and enzymes that comprise any endocrine sig- naling pathway, 2） how genetic and epigenetic variation in endocrine-associated genes can generate variation in plasticity among these diverse components, and 3） how phenotypes mediated by the same hormone can be coupled and decoupled via independent plastic responses of signaling components across target tissues. Future studies that apply approaches such as reaction norms and network modeling to questions concerning how hormones link environmental stimuli to ecologically-relevant phenotypic re- sponses should help unravel how phenotypic plasticity evolves

关键词： Hormone Endocrine Reaction norm Developmental plasticity Pleiotropy Ecology Network

STRATEGIc DEcISION MAKING FOR IMPROVED ENVIRONMENTAL SEcURITY:cOALITIONS AND ATTITUDES

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2009年第4期18卷 461-476页

作者： sean BERNATH wALKER Keith w.HIPEL Takehiro INOHARA Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Department of Decision and Value Science Tokyo Institute of Technology

The utilization of decision support systems which are flexible enough to handle information about cooperative behavior and stakeholder attitudes are useful for analyzing complex social conflicts. One such conflict which arose from the redevelopment of a private brownfield property in Kitchener, Ontario, canada is examined using such a decision support tool. Specifically, a formal model referred to as cOAT which allows for the examination of conflicts with both coalition and attitude properties is rigorously defined and then implemented within the framework of the Graph Model for conflict Resolution in order that insights may be gained on how the decision makers can reach win-win resolutions.

关键词： Graph model for conflict resolution attitudes coalitions cOAT decision support system conflict

Seasonal changes in Hermit Thrush (catharus guttatus) song syntax

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 172-179页

作者： sean P.Roach Luke c.McLean Jeff w.MacLeod Leslie S.Phillmore Psychology Department University of New Brunswick Saint John100 Tucker Park RoadSaint JohnNBCanada Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Dalhousie University1355 Oxford StHalifaxNSB3H 4J1Canada

In many songbird species,birdsong features phonological syntax,meaning that the units within their vocal se-quences are ordered in a non-random way that adheres to a *** such syntactical patterns have been richly described in many species,comparatively little is known about how those patterns contribute to song achieving its important *** each of song’s main functions,territorial defense and mate attraction,evidence of a role for syntax is *** species for which syntax has been thoroughly described is the Hermit Thrush(catharus guttatus),which presents song types from their repertoires in a semi-predictable order and,in doing so,rapidly cycle up and down the frequency *** objective of the present study was to explore the importance of song syntax in the Hermit Thrush through a within-subject examination of how measures of syntax,such as the predictability of song type order within song sequences,shift over the breeding *** hypothesized that,if such syntactical characteristics are important to breeding behaviour,they would be most prominent at the start of the breeding season when activity associated with territory establishment and mate attraction is most *** revealed that,as predicted,the rigidness of song type ordering within se-quences was highest at the start of the season and declined *** song type sequences were most predictable at the vitally important early part of the breeding season fit our hypothesis that this aspect of song syntax is important to song’s functions related to territory establishment and/or mate *** work will clarify whether that role relates to one of song’s two main functions or serves song transmission in some broader way.

关键词： Birdsong Hermit Thrush Seasonal change Stereotypy Syntax

Forecasting the impacts of chemical pollution and climate change interactions on the health of wildlife

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current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 669-689页

作者： Pamela D. NOYES sean c. LEMA Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology Environmental Health Sciences Center Sinnhuber Aquatic ResearchLaboratory Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA Biological Sciences Department Center for Coastal Marine Sciences California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA

Global climate change is impacting organisms, biological communities and ecosystems around the world. while most research has focused on characterizing how the climate is changing, including modeling future climatic conditions and predicting the impacts of these conditions on biodiversity, it is also the case that climate change is altering the environmental impacts of chemical pollution. Future climate conditions are expected to influence both the worldwide distribution of chemicals and the toxi- cological consequences of chemical exposures to organisms. Many of the environmental changes associated with a warming global climate （e.g., increased average - and possibly extreme - temperatures; intense periods of drier and wetter conditions; reduced ocean pH; altered salinity dynamics in estuaries） have the potential to enhance organism susceptibility to chemical toxicity. Addi- tionally, chemical exposures themselves may impair the ability of organisms to cope with the changing environmental conditions of the shifting climate. Such reciprocity in the interactions between climate change and chemicals illustrates the complexity inherent in predicting the toxicological consequences of chemical exposures under future climate scenarios. Here, we summarize what is currently known about the potential reciprocal effects of climate change and chemical toxicity on wildlife, and depict current approaches and ongoing challenges for incorporating climate effects into chemical testing and assessment. Given the rapid pace of new man-made chemistries, the development of accurate and rapid methods to evaluate multiple chemical and non-chemical stressors in an ecologically relevant context will be critical to understanding toxic and endocrine-disrupting effects of chemical pollutants under future climate scenarios [current Zoology 61 （4）： 669-689, 2015].

关键词： Global wanning Toxicology Metals Endocrine disruptors Risk assessment

VOc removal from contaminated groundwater through membrane pervaporation. (Ⅱ): 1,1,1-trichloroethane-SDS surfactant solution system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第6期15卷 821-826页

作者： sean LIU Department of Food Science Rutgers University

The conventional “pump-and-treat' technology for subsurface remediation of groundwater contaminated with volatile organic compounds(VOcs) such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane(TcA), a common chlorinated organic solvent, has limitation of prohibitively long treatment time due to extremely low water solubility of the VOcs. Surfactant-based soil remediation has emerged as the effective technology that substantially reduces the treatment time. In order to make the whole process economical, the surfactant used in soil washing has to be recovered and reused. This study examined the recovery of anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS), from soil remediation fluids containing TcA, using a bench-scale membrane pervaporation unit. The effects of high TcA concentration, surfactant dosage, and flow rate on permeation flux and selectivity(α value) of the process were evaluated. In general, higher surfactant concentration yielded lower TcA flux and constant water flux, resulting in declining α values; higher flow rate of TcA feed stream results in higher VOc flux and selectivity, an indication of the effect of concentration polarization; higher TcA feed concentration produces higher TcA permeation across the membrane, however, the selectivity was virtually unchanged unless the total TcA concentration exceeded 2000 ppm.

关键词： pervaporation VOcs SDS surfactant groundwater remediation 1,1,1-trichloroethane

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