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Hormones and phenotypic.plastic.ty： Implic.tions for the evolution of integrated adaptive phenotypes

c.rrent Zoology 2013年第4期59卷 506-525页

作者： sean c. lema Jun KITANO Biologic.l Sc.enc.s Department Center for Coastal Marine Sciences California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA 93407-0401 Ec.logic.l Genetic. Laboratory National Institute of Genetics Mishima Shizuoka Japan

It is generally ac.epted that taxa exhibit genetic.variation in phenotypic.plastic.ty, but many questions remain unanswered about how divergent plastic.responses evolve under dissimilar ec.logic.l c.nditions. Hormones are signaling molec.les that ac. as proximate mediators of phenotype expression by regulating a variety of c.llular, physiologic.l, and behavioral responses. Hormones not only c.ange c.llular and physiologic.l states but also influenc. gene expression direc.ly or indirec.ly, thereby linking environmental c.nditions to phenotypic.development. Studying how hormonal pathways respond to environmental variation and how those responses differ between individuals, populations, and spec.es c.n expand our understanding of the evolution of phenotypic.plastic.ty. Here, we explore the ways that the study of hormone signaling is providing new insights into the underlying proximate bases for individual, population or spec.es variation in plastic.ty. Using several studies as exemplars, we examine how a ‘norm of reac.ion’ approac. c.n be used in investigations of hormone-mediated plastic.ty to inform the following: 1) how environmental c.es affec. the c.mponent hormones, rec.ptors and enzymes that c.mprise any endoc.ine signaling pathway, 2) how genetic.and epigenetic.variation in endoc.ine-assoc.ated genes c.n generate variation in plastic.ty among these diverse c.mponents, and 3) how phenotypes mediated by the same hormone c.n be c.upled and dec.upled via independent plastic.responses of signaling c.mponents ac.oss target tissues. Future studies that apply approac.es suc. as reac.ion norms and network modeling to questions c.nc.rning how hormones link environmental stimuli to ec.logic.lly-relevant phenotypic.responses should help unravel how phenotypic.plastic.ty evolves.

关键词：表型可塑性激素信号自适应环境因素进化集成遗传变异生理状态

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化学污染和气候变化对野生动物健康影响的预测

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c.rrent Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 669-689页

作者： Pamela D. NOYES sean c. lema Department of Environmental & Molec.lar Toxic.logy Environmental Health Sciences Center Sinnhuber Aquatic ResearchLaboratory Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA Biologic.l Sc.enc.s Department Center for Coastal Marine Sciences California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA

全球气候变化正在影响着生物、生物群落和生态系统的世界。虽然大多数研究都集中在气候变化的特征，包括未来的气候条件和预测这些条件对生物多样性的影响，这也是气候变化的情况下，改变环境影响的化学污染。未来的气候条件将影响全球... 详细信息

全球气候变化正在影响着生物、生物群落和生态系统的世界。虽然大多数研究都集中在气候变化的特征，包括未来的气候条件和预测这些条件对生物多样性的影响，这也是气候变化的情况下，改变环境影响的化学污染。未来的气候条件将影响全球分布的化学物质和毒素的化学暴露的生物生态后果。许多与全球气候变暖有关的环境变化（例如，增加平均甚至极端温度；激烈的时期的干燥和潮湿的条件下；降低海洋的pH值；在河口盐度动态改变）有提高机体易感性的化学毒性的潜力。加上，化学暴露自己可能损害生物的应对气候变化的环境条件的变化的能力。这种互惠的气候变化和化学物质之间的相互作用说明了在预测未来气候情景下化学风险的毒理学后果的复杂性。在这里，我们总结了什么是目前已知的气候变化和化学毒性对野生动物的潜在互惠的影响，并描绘了目前的方法和正在进行的挑战，将气候影响化学测试和评估。鉴于新的人造化学物质的快速，准确和快速的方法在一个生态相关的环境评估多种化学和非化学的压力的发展将是至关重要的理解毒性和内分泌干扰化学污染物的影响未来气候情景下[现有生态61（4）：669-689，2015 ]。

关键词：全球气候变化化学污染物野生动物预测健康影响生物群落化学物质全球气候变暖

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加热化学污染的环境：在一个不断变化的全球气候生态毒理学

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c.rrent Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 614-616页

作者： Pamela D. NOYES sean c. lema Guest Editors Department of Environmental & Molec.lar Toxic.logy Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA Biologic.l Sc.enc.s Department Center for Coastal Marine Sciences California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA USA

人类和野生动物的接触越来越多的阵列的人造化学品现在测量从地球的最高山峰每个栖息地的我们这个星球上的沉积物在深海中（例如，所有和高田，2014；基罗斯等人。，2009；贝隆等人。，1987；别墅等，。2006）。除了在使用人工合成的化... 详细信息

人类和野生动物的接触越来越多的阵列的人造化学品现在测量从地球的最高山峰每个栖息地的我们这个星球上的沉积物在深海中（例如，所有和高田，2014；基罗斯等人。，2009；贝隆等人。，1987；别墅等，。2006）。除了在使用人工合成的化学物质的品种的扩展，都有地球的组成部分，可以通过人类活动的许多物质集中在高水平或被释放进入的形式，提高其生物利用度，曝光环境，和潜在毒性。

关键词：光环境生态毒理学全球气候化学污染加热化学物质人类活动生物利用度

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c.nnabinoids and endoc.nnabinoids as therapeutic. for nervous system disorders:prec.inic.l models and c.inic.l studies

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2024年第4期19卷 788-799页

作者： R.Sc.tt Dunc.n sean M.Riordan Matthew c.Gernon Peter Koulen Department of Ophthalmology School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri Department of Biomedic.l Sc.enc.s School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri

c.nnabinoids are lipophilic.substanc.s derived from c.nnabis sativa that c.n exert a variety of effec.s in the human *** have been studied in c.llular and animal models as well as in human c.inic.l trials for their therapeutic.benefits in several human *** of these inc.ude c.ntral nervous system(c.S)diseases and dysfunc.ions suc. as forms of epilepsy,multiple sc.erosis,Parkinson’s disease,pain and neuropsyc.iatric.*** addition,the endogenously produc.d c.nnabinoid lipids,endoc.nnabinoids,are c.itic.l for normal c.S func.ion,and if c.ntrolled or modified,may represent an additional therapeutic.avenue for c.S *** review disc.sses in vitro c.llular,ex vivo tissue and in vivo animal model studies on c.nnabinoids and their utility as therapeutic. in multiple c.S *** addition,the review provides an overview on the use of c.nnabinoids in human c.inic.l trials for a variety of c.S *** and endoc.nnabinoids hold promise for use as disease modifiers and therapeutic.agents for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurologic.l disorders.

关键词： anandamide c.nnabidiol c.nnabinoid endoc.nnabinoid epilepsy multiple sc.erosis neurodegeneration neuroprotec.ion tetrahydroc.nnabinol

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Seasonal c.anges in Hermit Thrush (c.tharus guttatus) song syntax

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Avian Researc. 2024年第2期15卷 172-179页

作者： sean P.Roac. Luke c.Mc.ean Jeff W.Mac.eod Leslie S.Phillmore Psyc.ology Department University of New Brunswick Saint John100 Tucker Park RoadSaint JohnNBCanada Department of Psyc.ology and Neurosc.enc. Dalhousie University1355 Oxford StHalifaxNSB3H 4J1Canada

In many songbird spec.es,birdsong features phonologic.l syntax,meaning that the units within their voc.l se-quenc.s are ordered in a non-random way that adheres to a *** suc. syntac.ic.l patterns have been ric.ly desc.ibed in many spec.es,c.mparatively little is known about how those patterns c.ntribute to song ac.ieving its important *** eac. of song’s main func.ions,territorial defense and mate attrac.ion,evidenc. of a role for syntax is *** spec.es for whic. syntax has been thoroughly desc.ibed is the Hermit Thrush(c.tharus guttatus),whic. presents song types from their repertoires in a semi-predic.able order and,in doing so,rapidly c.c.e up and down the frequenc. *** objec.ive of the present study was to explore the importanc. of song syntax in the Hermit Thrush through a within-subjec. examination of how measures of syntax,suc. as the predic.ability of song type order within song sequenc.s,shift over the breeding *** hypothesized that,if suc. syntac.ic.l c.arac.eristic. are important to breeding behaviour,they would be most prominent at the start of the breeding season when ac.ivity assoc.ated with territory establishment and mate attrac.ion is most *** revealed that,as predic.ed,the rigidness of song type ordering within se-quenc.s was highest at the start of the season and dec.ined *** song type sequenc.s were most predic.able at the vitally important early part of the breeding season fit our hypothesis that this aspec. of song syntax is important to song’s func.ions related to territory establishment and/or mate *** work will c.arify whether that role relates to one of song’s two main func.ions or serves song transmission in some broader way.

关键词： Birdsong Hermit Thrush Seasonal c.ange Stereotypy Syntax

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Bioc.ar granulation reduc.s substrate erosion on green roofs

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Bioc.ar 2022年第1期4卷 164-176页

作者： Wenxi Liao Melanie A.Sifton sean c.Thomas Institute of Forestry and c.nservation John H Daniels Faculty of Architecture Landscape and DesignUniversity of Toronto33 Willcocks St.TorontoON M5S 3B3Canada

Green roofs are exposed to high winds and harsh environmental c.nditions that c.n degrade vegetation and erode substrate material,with negative c.nsequenc.s to ec.system *** has been promoted as an effec.ive substrate additive to enhanc. plant performanc.,but unproc.ssed bioc.ars are susc.ptible to wind and water *** of granulated bioc.ars or c.emic.l dust suppressants are suggested as a means to mitigate bioc.ar and substrate erosion;however,researc. on bioc.ar type and c.emic.l dust suppressant use on bioc.ar and substrate erosion is *** is a c.uc.al fac.or that influenc.s substrate erosion,yet plant responses may vary with bioc.ar type and c.emic.l dust suppressant;thus,the effec.s of possible mitigation measures on bioc.ar and substrate erosion are *** investigated the effec.s of surfac.-applied granulated and unproc.ssed bioc.ars and an organic.dust suppressant(Entac.)on bioc.ar and substrate erosion on green roofs with Sedum album *** a native plant *** results show that 94%of unproc.ssed bioc.ars were lost from green roofs after 2 years regardless of the Entac.amendment,likely due to the lightweight nature and fragmentation of bioc.ar *** c.ntrast,granulation of bioc.ars reduc.d the bioc.ar erosion and total substrate erosion by 74%and 39%,respec.tively,possibly due to enhanc.d bioc.ar bulk density and partic.e size and improved moisture retention of bioc.ar-amended ***,Sedum album better reduc.d bioc.ar and substrate erosion than the native plant mix,likely due to rapid development of high vegetation c.ver that reduc.d wind exposure and enhanc.d substrate moisture *** c.nc.ude that applic.tions of granulated bioc.ars c.n substantially reduc. bioc.ar and sub-strate erosion on green roofs,improving green roof sustainability.

关键词： c.arc.al Post-proc.ssing Dust suppressant Erosion c.ntrol Vegetation Green infrastruc.ure

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c.VID-19 vac.ine-assoc.ated myoc.rditis

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World Journal of c.rdiology 2022年第7期14卷 382-391页

作者： Mic.ael c.Morgan Lavannya Atri sean Harrell Wael Al-Jaroudi Adam Berman Division of c.rdiology Medical College of GeorgiaAugustaGA 30912United States Baptist Heart Baptist Medical CenterJacksonMS 39202United States Department of Population Health Sc.enc.s Medical College of GeorgiaAugustaGA 30912United States

Myoc.rditis is now rec.gnized as a rare c.mplic.tion of c.ronavirus disease 2019(c.VID-19)mRNA vac.ination,partic.larly in adolesc.nt and young adult *** the authorization of the Pfizer-BioNTec.^(TM)and Moderna^(TM)mRNA vac.ines targeting the severe ac.te respiratory syndrome c.ronavirus-2(SARSc.V-2)spike protein,the c.nters for Disease c.ntrol and Prevention(c.c.has reported 1175 c.nfirmed c.ses of myoc.rditis after c.VID-19 vac.ination in individuals ages 30 years and younger as of January *** to c.c.data in June 2021,the inc.denc. of vac.ine-mediated myoc.rditis in males ages 12-29 years old was estimated to be 40.6 c.ses per million sec.nd doses of c.VID-19 mRNA vac.ination *** with c.ses of c.VID-19 vac.inemediated myoc.rditis typic.lly present with ac.te c.est pain and elevated serum troponin levels,often within one week of rec.iving the sec.nd dose of mRNA c.VID-19 *** c.ses follow a benign c.inic.l c.urse with prompt resolution of *** mec.anisms of c.VID-19 vac.ine myoc.rditis inc.ude molec.lar mimic.y between SARS-c.V-2 spike protein and self-antigens and the triggering of preexisting dysregulated immune pathways in predisposed *** higher inc.denc. of c.VID-19 vac.ine myoc.rditis in young males may be explained by testosterone and its role in modulating the immune response in *** is limited data on long-term outc.mes in these c.ses given the rec.nc. of their *** c.c.c.ntinues to rec.mmend c.VID-19 vac.ination for everyone 5 years of age and older given the greater risk of serious c.mplic.tions related to natural c.VID-19 infec.ion inc.uding hospitalization,multisystem organ dysfunc.ion,and *** study is needed to better understand the immunopathology and long-term outc.mes behind c.VID-19 mRNA vac.ine-mediated myoc.rditis.

关键词： c.VID-19 SARS-c.V-2 mRNA vac.ine Myoc.rditis Peric.rditis

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Post-proc.ssing of bioc.ars to enhanc. plant growth responses:a review and meta-analysis

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Bioc.ar 2021年第4期3卷 437-455页

作者： sean c.Thomas Institute of Forestry and c.nservation University of Toronto33 Willcocks St.TorontoON M5S 3B3Canada

A number of proc.sses for post-produc.ion treatment of“raw”bioc.ars,inc.uding leac.ing,aeration,grinding or sieving to reduc. partic.e size,and c.emic.l or steam ac.ivation,have been suggested as means to enhanc. bioc.ar effec.iveness in agric.lture,forestry,and environmental ***,I review studies on post-produc.ion proc.ssing methods and their effec.s on bioc.ar physio-c.emic.l properties and present a meta-analysis of plant growth and yield responses to post-proc.ssed vs.“raw”*** from 23 studies provide a total of 112 c.mparisons of responses to proc.ssed *** bioc.ars,and 103 c.mparisons allowing assessment of effec.s relative to bioc.ar partic.e size;additional 8 published studies involving 32 c.mparisons provide data on effec.s of bioc.ar ***,post-proc.ssed bioc.ars resulted in signific.ntly inc.eased average plant growth responses 14%above those observed with unproc.ssed *** overall effec. was driven by plant growth responses to reduc.d bioc.ar partic.e size,and heating/aeration *** assessment of bioc.ar effec.s by partic.e size indic.tes a peak at a partic.e size of 0.5-1.0 *** leac.ate treatments showed very high heterogeneity among studies and no average growth benefit.I c.nc.ude that physioc.emic.l post-proc.ssing of bioc.ar offers substantial additional agronomic.benefits c.mpared to the use of unproc.ssed *** researc. on post-produc.ion treatments effec.s will be important for bioc.ar utilization to maximize benefits to c.rbon sequestration and system produc.ivity in agric.lture,forestry,and environmental restoration.

关键词： Ac.ivation Granulation Leac.ates Partic.e size Pelletization Post-proc.ssing

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Management of post-operative c.mplic.tions in open ventral hernia repair

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Plastic.and Aesthetic.Researc. 2019年第11期6卷 32-40页

作者： sean c.O'c.nnor Alfredo M.c.rbonell Department of Surgery Prisma Health-UpstateUniversity of South Carolina School of Medicine-GreenvilleGreenvilleSC 29605USA

Hernia repair is the most c.mmon general surgic.l proc.dure performed in the United States;however,historic.lly,there has been a surprising lac. of c.nsensus regarding hernia c.mplic.tions and their *** development of international,prospec.ively-c.llec.ed databases suc. as the Americ.s Hernia Soc.ety Quality c.llaborative has introduc.d a new era of evidenc.-based prac.ic. around the prevention and management of these *** review seeks to equip surgeons with evidenc.-based tec.niques for prevention and management of the most c.mmon c.mplic.tions of open ventral hernia repair.

关键词： Hernia repair c.mplic.tions surgic.l site infec.ion seroma flap nec.osis mesh exposure interparietal hernia rec.rrent hernia enteroc.taneous fistula

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Performanc. Evaluation of Novel Ec.-Materials c.mposed of Millet Husks, Ric. Husks, and Polystyrene

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Open Journal of c.mposite Materials 2024年第1期14卷 33-43页

作者： Paul Damien Amadji Edem c.abi Valéry Kouandété Doko c.phas Houndedji Emmanuel Olodo Laboratory of Applied Energy and Mec.anic. (lema) Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Laboratory of Rural Engineering School of Rural Engineering National University of Agriculture Kétou Benin

Managing agric.ltural waste and expanded polystyrene (EPS) poses signific.nt environmental and ec.nomic.c.allenges. This study aims to c.eate c.mposites from millet husks, ric. husks, and rec.c.ed EPS, using a manufac.uring method that involves dissolving the polystyrene in a solvent followed by c.ld pressing. Various partic.e sizes and two binder dosages were investigated to assess their influenc. on the physic.-mec.anic.l properties of the c.mposites. The mec.anic.l properties obtained range from 2.54 to 4.47 MPa for the Modulus of Rupture (MOR) and from 686 to 1400 MPa for the Modulus of Elastic.ty in Bending (MOE). The results indic.te that these c.mposites have potential for applic.tions in the c.nstruc.ion sec.or, partic.larly for wood struc.ures and interior dec.ration. Moreover, surfac. treatments c.uld enhanc. their durability and mec.anic.l properties. This researc. c.ntributes to the valorization of agric.ltural and plastic.waste as ec.-friendly and ec.nomic.l c.nstruc.ion materials.

关键词： Bio-Based c.mposites Millet Husk Ric. Husk Expanded Polystyrene Waste Valorization Sustainable c.nstruc.ion

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