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Characte.ization of nove. Brown midrib 6 mutations affe.ting lignin biosynthe.is in sorghum

Journal of Inte.rative.Plant Biology 2016年第2期58卷 136-149页

作者： e.in D. Scully Tammy Grie. De.nna L. Funne.l-Harris Zhanguo Xin Frank A. Kovacs Wilfre. Ve.me.ris scott e. sattler Grain Forage and Bioenergy Research Unit USDA-ARS Lincoln NE 68583 USA De.artme.t of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68583 USA De.artme.t of Plant Pathology University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68583 USA Plant Stre.s and Ge.mplasm De.e.opme.t Unit USDA-ARS Lubbock TX 79414 USA De.artme.t of Che.istry University of Nebraska-Kearney Kearney NE 68849 USA De.artme.t of Microbiology & Ce.l Scie.ce.and UF Ge.e.ics Institute University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA

The.pre.e.ce.of lignin re.uce. the.quality of lignoce.lulosic biomass for forage.mate.ials and fe.dstock for biofue.s. In C4 grasse., the.brown midrib phe.otype.has be.n linke. to mutations to ge.e. in the.monolignol biosynthe.is pathway. For e.ample. the.Bmr6 ge.e.in sorghum （Sorghum bicolor） has be.n pre.iously shown to e.code.cinnamyl alcohol de.ydroge.ase.（CAD）, which catalyze. the.final ste. of the.monolignol biosynthe.is pathway. Mutations in this ge.e.have.be.n shown to re.uce.the.abundance.of lignin, e.hance.dige.tibility, and improve.saccharification e.ficie.cie. and e.hanol yie.ds. Nine.sorghum line. harboring five.diffe.e.t bmr6 alle.e. we.e.ide.tifie. in an e.S-mutage.ize. TILLING population. DNA se.ue.cing of Bmr6 re.e.le. that the.majority of the.mutations impacte. e.olutionarily conse.ve. amino acids while.thre.-dime.sional structural mode.ing pre.icte. that all of the.e.alle.e. inte.fe.e. with the.e.zyme.s ability to bind with its NAPPH cofactor. All of the.ne. alle.e. re.uce. in vitro CAD activity le.e.s and e.hance. glucose.yie.ds following saccharification. Furthe., many of the.e.line. we.e.associate. with highe. re.uctions in acid de.e.ge.t lignin compare. to line. harboring the.pre.iously characte.ize. bmr6-re. alle.e. The.e.bmr6 line. re.re.e.t ne. bre.ding tools for manipulating biomass composition to e.hance.forage.and fe.dstock quality.

关键词： Cinnamyl alcohol de.ydroge.ase.(CAD) e.S mutage.e.is biofue.s C4 grass forage

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Nume.ical mode.ing of the.e.fe.ts of roughne.s on flow and e.dy formation in fracture.

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Journal of Rock Me.hanics and Ge.te.hnical e.gine.ring 2017年第1期9卷 105-115页

作者： scott Briggs Bryan W. Karne. Bre.t e. Sle.p Unive.sity of Toronto Toronto M5S 1A4 Canada

The.e.fe.t of roughne.s on flow in fracture. was inve.tigate. using lattice.Boltzmann me.hod(LBM).Simulations we.e.conducte. for both statistically ge.e.ate. hypothe.ical fracture. and a natural dolomite.fracture. The.e.fe.t of incre.sing roughne.s on e.fe.tive.hydraulic ape.ture. Izbash and Forchhe.me. parame.e.s with incre.sing Re.nolds numbe.(Re. ranging from 0.01 to 500 was e.amine.. The.growth of comple. flow fe.ture., such as e.die. arising ne.r the.fracture.surface. was dire.tly associate. with change. in surface.roughne.s. Rapid e.dy growth above.Re.value. of 1, followe. by le.s rapid growth at highe. Re.value., sugge.te. a thre.-zone.nonline.r mode. for flow in rough fracture.. This thre.-zone.mode., re.ating e.fe.tive.hydraulic conductivity to Re. was also found to be.appropriate.for the.simulation of wate. flow in the.natural dolomite.fracture. Incre.sing fracture.roughne.s le. to gre.te. e.dy volume. and lowe. e.fe.tive.hydraulic conductivitie. for the.same.Re.value..

关键词： Hydroge.logy Fracture.flow Fracture.roughne.s Computational fluid dynamics Lattice.Boltzmann me.hod(LBM)

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e.fe.ts of N on Plant Re.ponse.to He.t-wave.A Fie.d Study with Prairie.Ve.e.ation

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Journal of Inte.rative.Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1416-1425页

作者： Dan Wang scott A. He.kathorn Kumar Mainali e. William Hamilton De.artme.t of e.vironme.tal Scie.ce. University of Toledo Toledo Ohio 43606 USA De.artme.t of Biology Washington and Lee University Lexington Virginia 24450 USA

More.inte.se. more.fre.ue.t, and longe. he.t-wave. are.e.pe.te. in the.future.due.to global warming, which could have.dramatic e.ological impacts. Incre.sing nitroge. （N） availability and its dynamics will like.y impact plant re.ponse. to he.t stre.s and carbon （C） se.ue.tration in te.re.trial e.osyste.s. This fie.d study e.amine. the.e.fe.ts of N availability on plant re.ponse.to he.t-stre.s （HS） tre.tme.t in naturally-occurring ve.e.ation. HS （5 d at ambie.t or 40.5 ℃） and N tre.tme.ts （±N） we.e.applie. to 16 1 m^2 plots in re.tore. prairie.ve.e.ation dominate. by Andropogon ge.ardii （warm-se.son C4 grass） and Solidago canade.sis （warm-se.son C3 forb）. Be.ore. during, and afte. HS, air, canopy, and soil te.pe.ature.we.e.monitore.; ne. CO2 assimilation （Pn）, quantum yie.d of photosyste. Ⅱ （ФpsⅡ）, stomatal conductance.（gs）, and le.f wate. pote.tial （ψw） of the.dominant spe.ie. and soil re.piration （Rsoll） of e.ch plot we.e.me.sure. daily during HS. One.we.k afte. HS, plots we.e.harve.te., and C% and N% we.e.de.e.mine. for rhizosphe.e.and bulk soil, and above.ground tissue.（gre.n/se.e.ce.t le.f, ste., and flowe.）. Photosynthe.ic N-use.e.ficie.cy （PNUe. and N re.orption rate.（NRR） we.e.calculate.. HS de.re.se. Pn, gs, ψw, and PNUe.for both spe.ie., and ＋N tre.tme.t ge.e.ally incre.se. the.e.variable. （±HS）, but ofte. slowe. the.r post-HS re.ove.y. Above.round biomass te.de. to de.re.se.with HS in both spe.ie. （and for gre.n le.f mass in S. canade.sis）, but de.re.se.with ＋N for A. ge.ardii and incre.se.with ＋N for S. canade.sis. For A. ge.ardii, HS te.de. to de.re.se.N% in gre.n tissue. with ＋N, whe.e.s in S. canade.sis, HS incre.se. N% in gre.n le.ve.. Adde. N de.re.se. NRR for A. ge.ardii and HS incre.se. NRR for S. canade.sis. The.e.re.ults sugge.t that he.t wave., though transie.t, could have.significant e.fe.ts on plants, communitie., and e.osyste. N cycling, and N can influe.ce.the.e.fe.t of he.t wave..

关键词： global climate.change he.t stre.s N re.orption rate photosynthe.is photosynthe.ic N-use.e.ficie.cy.

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Asse.sing display variability in wild brown anole. Anolis sagre. using a me.hanical lizard mode.

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Curre.t Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 140-152页

作者： Sarah R. PARTAN Pe.e. OTOVIC Virginia L. PRICe.scott e. BROWN School of Cognitive.Scie.ce Hampshire College Amherst MA 01002 USA De.artme.t of Psychology University of South Florida St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA

Signals use. for spe.ie. ide.tity ought to be.highly ste.e.type. so as to facilitate.imme.iate.re.ognition by conspe.ifics. It is surprising the.e.ore.to find variability in putative.spe.ie. signature.displays. The.brown anole.Anolis sagre. has a high de.re. of variability in its signature.bobbing display. In this study we.colle.te. de.criptive.data on variability in the.te.poral structure.of wild brown anole.bobbing patte.ns, finding that no two displays analyze. had the.same.te.poral structure. and we.also te.te. whe.he. wild brown anole. pre.e. the.signature.display ove. an alte.nate.display patte.n by using me.hanical robot playbacks in the.fie.d. As a re.ponse.me.ric we.asse.se. whe.he. or not the.lizards showe. social re.ponse. （pushup, de.lap e.te.sion, or he.d-nod） in re.ponse.to the.robotic pre.e.tations. We.found that the.lizards re.ponde. slightly more.to the.signature.than to the.alte.nate.patte.n, providing support for the.ide. that de.pite.the.variability se.n in displays, the.signature.patte.n is me.ningful to the.. We.te.te. two othe. inde.e.de.t variable.： spe.d of the.display and e.e.ation of the.robot during its display, ne.the. of which was significant. De.lap e.te.sions we.e.give. pre.ominantly by adult male. and we.e.more.like.y to be.give. in the.bre.ding se.son than the.nonbre.ding se.son. Pushups and he.d-nods we.e.give. e.ually by male. and a combine. class of fe.ale. and juve.ile., and we.e.not se.sonal. He.d-nods incre.se. afte. the.robot turne. off, sugge.ting that the. may be.use. in a conve.sational turn-taking style.during communication .

关键词： Spe.ie. re.ognition e.horobotics Visual signals Te.ritoriality Signature.display Se. diffe.e.ce.

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Inte.active.e.fe.ts of e.e.ate. CO_2 and Growth Te.pe.ature.on the.Tole.ance.of Photosynthe.is to Acute.He.t Stre.s in C_3 and C_4 Spe.ie.

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Journal of Inte.rative.Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1375-1387页

作者： e. William Hamilton III scott A. He.kathorn Pune.t Joshi Dan Wang De.pak Barua De.artme.t of Biology Washington and Lee University Lexington Virginia USA De.artme.t of e.vironme.tal Scie.ce. University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA

De.e.mining e.fe.ts of e.e.ate. CO2 on the.tole.ance.of photosynthe.is to acute.he.t-stre.s （he.t wave. is ne.e.sary for pre.icting plant re.ponse. to global warming, as photosynthe.is is the.molabile.and acute.he.t-stre.s and atmosphe.ic CO2 will incre.se.in the.future. Fe. studie. have.e.amine. this, and past re.ults are.variable. which may be.due.to me.hodological variation. To addre.s this, we.gre. two C3 and two C4 spe.ie. at curre.t or e.e.ate. CO2 and thre. diffe.e.t growth te.pe.ature. （GT）. We.asse.se. photosynthe.ic the.motole.ance.in both unacclimate. （basal tole.ance. and pre.e.t-stre.se. （pre.S = acclimate.） plants. In C3 spe.ie., basal the.motole.ance.of ne. photosynthe.is （Pn） was incre.se. in high CO2, but in C4 spe.ie., Pn the.motle.ance.was de.re.se. by high CO2 （e.ce.t Ze. mays at low GT）; CO2 e.fe.ts in pre.S plants we.e.mostly small or abse.t, though high CO2 was de.rime.tal in one.C3 and one.C4 spe.ie. at warme. GT. Though high CO2 ge.e.ally de.re.se. stomatal conductance. de.re.se. in P, during he.t stre.s we.e.mostly due.to non-stomatal e.fe.ts. Photosyste. Ⅱ （PSⅡ） e.ficie.cy was ofte. de.re.se. by high CO2 during he.t stre.s, e.pe.ially at high GT; CO2 e.fe.ts on post-PSⅡ e.e.tron transport we.e.variable. Thus, high CO2 ofte. affe.te. photosynthe.ic the.omotole.ance. and the.e.fe.ts varie. with photosynthe.ic pathway, growth te.pe.ature. and acclimation state. Most importantly, in he.t-stre.se. plants at normal or warme. growth te.pe.ature., high CO2 may ofte. de.re.se. or not be.e.it as e.pe.te., tole.ance.of photosynthe.is to acute.he.t stre.s. The.e.ore. inte.active.e.fe.ts of e.e.ate. CO2 and warme. growth te.pe.ature. on acute.he.t tole.ance.may contribute.to future.change. in plant productivity, distribution, and dive.sity.

关键词： carbon dioxide global climate.change photosynthe.is the.motole.ance.

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e.tract Rule. by Using Rough Se. and Knowle.ge.Base. NN

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Journal of Compute. Scie.ce.& Te.hnology 1998年第3期13卷 279-284页

作者：王士同 e.scott 等 De.artme.tofCompute. EastChinaShipbuildingInstituteZhenjiang212003PR.China De.artme.tofCompute. Ro

In this pape., rough se. the.ry is use. to e.tract roughly-corre.t infe.e.ce.rule. from information syste.s. Base. on this ide., the.le.rning algorithm e.CR is pre.e.te.. In orde. to re.ine.the.le.rne. roughly-corre.t infe.e.ce.rule., the.knowle.ge.base. ne.ral ne.work is use.. The.me.hod pre.e.te. he.e.sufficie.tly combine. the.advanage. of rough se. the.ry and ne.ral ne.work.

关键词： Rough se. the.ry ,knowle.ge.base. NN (ne.ral ne.work) knowle.ge.discove.y machine.le.rning

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Purine.gic signaling syste.s across comparative.mode.s of spinal cord injury

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Ne.ral Re.e.e.ation Re.e.rch 2022年第3期17卷 2391-2398页

作者： e.a e.Ste.anova Ange.a L.scott De.artme.t of Pathology and Mole.ular Me.icine McMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada

Within the.last se.e.al de.ade.,the.scie.tific community has made.substantial progre.s in e.ucidating the.comple. pathophysiology unde.lying spinal cord ***,de.pite.the.many advance. using conve.tional mammalian mode.s,both ce.lular and axonal re.e.e.ation following spinal cord injury have.re.aine. out of *** this se.se.turning to non-mammalian,re.e.e.ative.spe.ie. pre.e.ts a unique.opportunity to ide.tify pro-re.e.e.ative.cue. and chara cte.ize.a spinal cord microe.vironme.t pe.missive.to *** the.signaling pathways hypothe.ize. to be.dysre.ulate. during spinal cord injury is the.purine.gic signaling *** addition to its we.l-known role.as e.e.gy curre.cy in ce.ls,ATP and its me.abolite. are.small mole.ule.ne.rotransmitte.rs that me.iate.many dive.se.ce.lular proce.se. within the.ce.tral ne.vous *** our unde.rstanding of the.role. of the.purine.gic syste. following spinal cord injury is limite.,this signaling pathway has be.n implicate. in all injury-induce. se.ondary proce.se.,including ce.lular de.th,inflammation,re.ctive.gliosis,and ne.ral *** that the.purine.gic syste. is also e.olutionarily conse.ve. be.we.n mammalian and non-mammalian spe.ie.,comparisons of the.e.role. may provide.important insights into conditions re.ponsible.for re.ove.y ***,we.compare.the.se.ondary proce.se. be.we.n ke. mode. spe.ie. and the.influe.ce.of purine.gic signaling in e.ch *** our unde.standing of this signaling syste. and pro-re.e.e.ative.conditions continue. to e.olve.so doe. the.pote.tial for the.de.e.opme.t of nove. the.ape.tic inte.ve.tions for spinal cord injury.

关键词： ce.l de.th diffe.e.riation glia inflammation ne.roge.e.is prolife.ation purine.gic signaling re.ctive.gliosis re.e.e.ation spinal cord injury te.e.st

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Climate.re.ugia along Lake.Supe.ior’s shore.:disjunct arctic-alpine.plants re.y on cool shore.ine.te.pe.ature. but are.re.tricte. to highly e.pose. habitat unde. climate.warming

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Journal of Plant e.ology 2024年第4期17卷 23-41页

作者： Ashle. Hillman scott e.Nie.se. De.artme.t of Re.e.able.Re.ource. University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2R3Canada

Climate.re.ugia can se.ve.as a re.nant habitat or ste.ping stone. for spe.ie. dispe.sal unde. climate.*** large.t fre.hwate. lake.by surface.are.,Lake.Supe.ior,USA and Canada,se.ve. as a mode. syste. for unde.standing cooling-me.iate. local re.ugia,as its cool wate. te.pe.ature. and wave.action have.maintaine. shore.ine.habitats suitable.for southe.n disjunct populations of arctic-alpine.plants since.***,we.se.k to e.plain spatial patte.ns and e.vironme.tal drive.s of arctic-alpine.plant re.ugia along Lake.Supe.ior’s shore.,and asse.s future.risk to re.ugia unde. mode.ate.+3.5℃)and warme.t(+5.7℃)climate.warming ***,we.e.amine. how the.inte.active.e.fe.ts of summe. surface.wate. te.pe.ature. and wind affe.te. onshore.te.pe.ature.,re.ulting in are.s of coole. ***,we.de.e.ope. an e.ological niche.mode. for the.pre.e.ce.of disjunct arctic-alpine.re.ugia(pooling 1253 occurre.ce. from 58 spe.ie.)along the.lake.s ***,we.fit spe.ie. distribution mode.s for 20 of the.most common arctic-alpine.disjunct spe.ie. and pre.icte. pre.e.ce.to ide.tify re.ugia ***,we.use. the.two climate.warming sce.arios to pre.ict change. in the.pre.e.ce.of re.ugia and disjunct *** type.e.e.ation above.wate.,inland distance.July land surface.te.pe.ature.from MODIS/Te.ra sate.lite.and ne.r-shore.de.th of wate. we.e.the.be.t pre.ictors of disjunct ***,we.pre.icte. 2236 km of the.shore.ine.51%)as disjunct re.ugia habitat for at le.st one.spe.ie. unde. curre.t conditions,but this was re.uce. to 20% and 7% with mode.ate.894 km)and warme.t(313 km)climate.change.proje.tions.

关键词： climate.re.ugia disjunct populations lake.e.fe.t Lake.Supe.ior spe.ie. distribution mode.s

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First e.pe.ie.ce.with intracytoplasmic spe.m inje.tion for e.tre.e.oligozoospe.mia associate. with Crohn's dise.se.and 6-me.captopurine.che.othe.apy

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2003年第1期5卷 76-78页

作者： e.scott Sills Michae. J.Tucke. Division of Re.roductive.e.docrinology and Infe.tility De.artme.t of Obste.rics and Gyne.ology Atlanta Me.ical Ce.te. AtlantaGeorgia 30342USA

Aim: To de.cribe.the.re.roductive.outcome.following intracytoplasmic spe.m inje.tion (ICSI) for male.factor infe.tility associate. with Crohn's dise.se.and 6-me.cap-topurine.(6-MP) che.othe.apy. Me.hods: The.male.partne. of a couple.suffe.e. from se.e.e.Crohn's dise.se.and re.e.ve. a 3-month course.of 6-MP for this condition. Two spontane.us conce.tions we.e.e.tablishe. be.ore.6-MP, although post-che.othe.apy se.e. analysis found the.spe.m conce.tration to be.8,000/mL. In vitro fe.tilization (IVF) with ICSI and e.bryo transfe. was pe.forme.. Re.ults: The.woman unde.we.t an uncomplicate. controlle. ovarian hype.stimulation se.ue.ce.using a combine. re.-FSH+hMG protocol, following late.lute.l phase.pituitary downre.ulation. This culminate. in the.re.rie.al of 18 oocyte., 11 of which we.e.fe.tilize. with ICSI. She.late. de.ive.e. a normal male.infant without uroge.ital anomaly. Four nontransfe.re. blastocysts we.e.cryopre.e.ve.. Conclusion: This re.ort de.cribe. the.first succe.sful birth afte. ICSI for se.e.e.oligozoospe.mia associate. with Crohn's dise.se.and 6-MP the.apy. We.outline.salie.t fe.ture. of Crohn's dise.se. 6-MP pharmacology, and the.r re.e.ance.to human fe.tility.

关键词： 6-me.captopurine che.othe.apy infe.tility ICSI

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Fitne.s and physiology of Ade.ge. tsugae.（He.ipte.a： Ade.gidae. in re.ation to the.he.lth of the.e.ste.n he.lock

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Inse.t Scie.ce 2016年第6期23卷 843-853页

作者： Anne.C. Jone. Donald e. Mullins Carlyle.Bre.ste. Jame. P. Rhe. scott M. Salom De.artme.t of e.tomology Pennsylvania State University PA 16801 De.artme.t of e.tomology Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24061 USDA Fore.t Se.vice Asheville NC 28804-3454 USA

The.he.lock woolly ade.gid, Ade.ge. tsugae.Annand is an invasive.inse.t that fre.ue.tly cause. he.lock （Tsuga spp.） mortality in the.e.ste.n Unite. State.. Studie. have.shown that once.he.lthy he.locks be.ome.infe.te. by the.ade.gid, nutrie.ts are.de.le.e. from the.tre., le.ding to both tre. de.line.and a re.uction of the.ade.gid population. Since.A. tsugae.is de.e.de.t on he.lock for nutrie.ts, fe.ding on tre.s in poor he.lth may affe.t the.ability of the.inse.t to obtain ne.e.sary nutrie.ts and may conse.ue.tly affe.t the.r physiological and population he.lth. Tre.s we.e.cate.orize. as lightly or mode.ate.y impacte. by A. tsugae.base. on quantitative.and qualitative.tre. he.lth me.sure.e.ts. Population he.lth ofA. tsugae.on e.ch tre. was de.e.mine. by me.suring inse.t de.sity and pe.k me.n fe.undity; A. tsugae.physiological he.lth was de.e.mine. by me.suring inse.t biomass, total carbon, carbohydrate. total nitroge., and amino nitroge. le.e.s. Ade.ge. tsugae.from mode.ate.y impacte. tre.s e.hibite. significantly gre.te. fe.undity than from lightly impacte. tre.s. Howe.e., A. tsugae.from lightly impacte. he.locks containe. significantly gre.te. le.e.s of carbohydrate., total nitroge., and amino nitroge.. While.the.re.ults of the.physiological analysis ge.e.ally support our hypothe.is that A. tsugae.on lightly impacte. tre.s are.he.lthie. than those.on mode.ate.y impacte. tre.s, this was not re.le.te. in the.population he.lth me.sure.e.ts. Ade.ge. tsugae.e.g he.lth in re.ponse.to tre. he.lth should be.ve.ifie.. This study provide. the.first e.amination of A. tsugae.physiological he.lth in re.ation to standard A. tsugae.population he.lth me.sure. on he.locks of diffe.e.t he.lth le.e.s.

关键词： Ade.ge. tsugae carbohydrate. fe.undity nitroge. tre. he.lth Tsuga canade.sis

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