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Designing healthy communities： A walkability analysis of LEED-ND

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2016年第4期5卷 433-452页

作者： Adriana A. Zuniga-Teran barron J. Orr Randy H. Gimblett Nader V. Chalfoun scott b. Going David P. Guertin Stuart E. Marsh Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85719 USA

Prevailing city design in many countries has created sedentary societies that depend on automobile use. Consequently, architects, urban designers, and land planners have developed new urban design theories, which have been incorporated into the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for Neighborhood Development （LEED-ND） certification system. The LEED- ND includes design elements that improve human well-being by facilitating walking and biking, a concept known as walkability. Despite these positive developments, relevant research findings from other fields of study have not been fully integrated into the LEED-ND. According to Zuniga-Teran （2015）, relevant walkability research findings from multiple disciplines were organized into a walkability framework （WF） that organizes design elements related to physical activity into nine categories, namely, connectivity, land use, density, traffic safety, surveil- lance, parking, experience, greenspace, and community. In this study, we analyze walkability in the LEED-ND through the lens of the nine WF categories. Through quantitative and qualitative analyses, we identify gaps and strengths in the LEED-ND and propose potential enhancements to this certification system that reflects what is known about enhancing walkability more comprehensively through neighborhood design analysis. This work seeks to facilitate the translation of research into practice, which can ultimately lead to more active and healthier societies.

关键词： Watkabitity LEED-ND Physical activity Urban design Well-being built environment

Designing healthy communities： Testing the walkability model

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2017年第1期6卷 63-73页

作者： Adriana A. Zuniga-Teran barron J. Orr Randy H. Gimblett Nader V. Chalfoun Stuart E. Marsh David P. Guertin scott b. Going Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85719 USA

Research from multiple domains has provided insights into how neighborhood design can be improved to have a more favorable effect on physical activity, a concept known as walkability. The relevant research findings/hypotheses have been integrated into a Walkability Framework, which organizes the design elements into nine walkability categories. The purpose of this study was to test whether this conceptual framework can be used as a model to measure the interactions between the built environment and physical activity. We explored correlations between the walkability categories and physical activity reported through a survey of residents of Tucson, Arizona （n=486）. The results include significant correlations between the walkability categories and physical activity as well as between the walkabi[ity categories and the two motivations for walking （recreation and transportation）. To our knowledge, this is the first study that reports links between wa[kability and walking for recreation. Additionally, the use of the Walkability Framework allowed us to identify the walkability categories most strongly correlated with the two motivations for walking. The results of this study support the use of the Walkability Framework as a model to measure the built environment in relation to its ability to promote physical activity.

关键词： Watkability Physical activity buitt environment LEED-ND Neighborhood design

Targeted Application of Motor Learning Theory to Leverage Youth Neuroplasticity for Enhanced Injury-Resistance and Exercise Performance: OPTIMAL PREP

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2021年第1期3卷 17-36页

作者： Jed A.Diekfuss Dustin R.Grooms Jennifer A.Hogg Harjiv Singh Alexis b.Slutsky-Ganesh scott bonnette Christopher Riehm Manish Anand Katharine S.Nissen Gary b.Wilkerson Gregory D.Myer The SPORT Center Division of Sports MedicineCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center3333 Burnet AvenueMLC 10001CincinnatiOH 45229USA Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute Ohio UniversityAthensOHUSA Division of Athletic Training School of Applied Health Sciences and WellnessCollege of Health Sciences and ProfessionsOhio UniversityAthensOHUSA Division of Physical Therapy School of Rehabilitation and Communication SciencesCollege of Health Sciences and ProfessionsOhio UniversityAthensOHUSA Deparatment of Health and Human Performance The University of Tennessee ChattanoogaChattanoogaTNUSA Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences University of NevadaLas VegasNVUSA Department of Kinesiology The University of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboroNCUSA Departments of Pediatrics and Orthopaedic Surgery University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention WalthamMAUSA

Youth athletes are ideal candidates for novel therapeutic motor learning interventions that leverage the plasticity of the central nervous system to promote desirable biomechanical *** summarize the empirical data supporting the three pillars of the Optimizing Performance Through Intrinsic Motivation and Attention for Learning(OPTIMAL)theory of motor learning and expand on potential neurophysiologic mechanisms that will support enhanced movement mechan-ics in youth to optimize prevention programs for reduced injury risk,injury rehabilitation,exercise performance,and play(Prevention Rehabilitation Exercise Play;PREP).Specifically,we highlight the role of motivational factors to promote the release of dopamine that could accelerate motor performance and learning ***,we detail the potential for an external focus of attention to shift attentional allocation and increase brain activity in regions important for sensorimotor integration to facilitate primary motor cortex *** manuscript serves to provide the most current data in support of the application of OPTIMAL PREP training strategies of the future.

关键词： Dopamine Musculoskeletal Exercise performance Motor behavior

Different Resistance Exercise Interventions for Handgrip Strength in Apparently Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2023年第12期14卷 552-581页

作者： Takashi Abe Ricardo b. Viana scott J. Dankel Jeremy P. Loenneke Graduate School of Health and Sports Science Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine Juntendo University Inzai Japan Institute of Physical Education and Sport Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza Brazil Department of Health and Exercise Science Rowan University Glassboro NJ USA Department of Health Exercise Science and Recreation Management Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory The University of Mississippi Oxford MS USA

background: Although handgrip strength is a biomarker for morbidity/mor-tality, there is lack of evidence on the effects of resistance training on handgrip strength in healthy adults of all ages. Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to assess the impact of resistance training on handgrip strength in healthy adults. Methods: Five databases/search engines were searched. Studies comparing different types of resistance exercise interventions versus a non-exercised control group on handgrip strength were included. The available data did not allow us to conduct the pre-planned meta-analyses;therefore, only descriptive statistics were performed to summarize the data. Results: Twenty studies (17 randomized and three non-randomized controlled trials) were included, most of which were conducted in older adults. Twelve studies reported no significant difference in the change in handgrip strength between the resistance training and control groups. Two studies showed increases in handgrip strength in the resistance training group compared with the control group. Other studies included results for multi-training groups or left/right hands and found increasing handgrip strength compared to controls, but only in one training group or one hand. Overall, the randomized and non-ran-domized clinical trials presented moderate risk of bias. Conclusions: Due to the lack of low risk-of-bias randomized controlled trials of young and middle-aged adults, different training protocols, and small sample sizes, the existing evidence appears insufficient to support resistance training for increasing handgrip strength in healthy adults. Future studies may seek to discern the optimal way to develop and employ resistance training to improve hand-grip strength.

关键词： Grip Strength Strength Training biomarker Healthy Adults

Ultrasound-Guided Left Stellate Ganglion blocks for Recurrent Ventricular Tachycardia (Electrical Storm)

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2018年第3期8卷 80-84页

作者： Michael R. Ander scott W. byram Ulana b. Sonevytsky Department of Anesthesiology Loyola University Medical Center Maywood IL USA

Recurrent Ventricular Tachycardia, or Electrical Storm, is a relatively common cause of mortality and morbidity after myocardial infarction. We present a case in which left stellate ganglion blocks were performed under ultrasound guidance in order to alleviate recurrent ventricular tachycardia in a patient requiring extracorpeal membrane oxygenation after myocardial infarction. A medically complex 54-year-old male after two weeks removed from an acute ST elevation myocardial infarction status post stenting and intra-aortic balloon pump placement presented in the cardiovascular intensive care unit with recurrent unstable ventricular tachycardia while on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and multiple vasoactive infusions. Our acute pain service was consulted by the cardiac electrophysiology service to provide left stellate ganglion blocks in attempt to attenuate electrical storm. Multiple single shot left stellate ganglion blocks were performed on subsequent days with increasing local anesthetic concentrations and volumes successfully providing temporary relief of electrical storm. A left stellate ganglion catheter was eventually placed, and a continuous infusion of local anesthesia was started. The patient experienced complete relief from unstable ventricular tachycardia and no further defibrillations were required. The catheter remained in place for 14 days allowing for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation decannulation without the return of electrical storm. We believe ultrasound guided left stellate ganglion blocks to be a relatively safe means to provide temporary relief of recurrent ventricular tachycardia.

关键词： Stellate Ganglion block Electrical Storm Recurrent Ventricular Tachycardia

Candidate genes underlying QTL for flowering time and their interactions in a wide spring barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) cross

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The Crop Journal 2021年第4期9卷 862-872页

作者： Ana M.Casas Carlota R.Gazulla Arantxa Monteagudo Carlos P.Cantalapiedra Marian Moralejo MPilar Gracia Francisco J.Ciudad William T.b.Thomas Jose L.Molina-Cano scott boden bruno Contreras-Moreira Ernesto Igartua Department of Genetics and Plant Production Aula Dei Experimental Station(EEAD-CSIC)Avda Montanana 1005E-50059 ZaragozaSpain University of Lleida-AGROTECNIO Center Avda.Rovira Roure 19125198 LleidaSpain Instituto de Tecnologia Agraria Junta de Castilla y LeonITACyLP.O.Box 17247071 ValladolidSpain The James Hutton Institute InvergowrieDundee DD25DAUK Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries(UdL-IRTA) Avda Rovira Roure 19125198 LleidaSpain John Innes Centre Norwich Research ParkNorwich NR47UHUK Fundacion ARAID calle Maria de Luna 1150018 ZaragozaSpain Present address:Centro de biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas Universidad Politecnica de Madrid(UPM)and Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA)Madrid 28223Spain Present address:School of Agriculture Food and WineWaite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSA 5064Australia Present address:The European bioinformatics Institute(EMbL-EbI) Wellcome Trust Genome CampusHinxtonUK

Response to vernalization and photoperiod are the main determinants controlling the time to flowering in temperate cereals. While the individual genes that determine a plant's response to these environmental signals are well characterized, the combinatorial effect on flowering time of allelic variants for multiple genes remains unresolved. This study investigated the genetic control of flowering-time in a biparental population of spring barley, derived from a wide cross between a late-flowering European and an early-flowering North-American cultivar. While the major flowering time genes are not segregating in the beka ×Logan cross, large variation in flowering was observed. We identified five QTL, with both parents found to contribute early alleles. The catalog of QTL discovered aligns with several candidate genes affecting flowering time in barley. The combination of particular alleles at HvCEN, HvELF3 and HvFT1 in Logan are responsible for the earliness of this cultivar. Interestingly, earliness for flowering could be further enhanced, with beka found to contribute three early alleles, including a QTL colocating with a HvFD-like gene, suggesting that there are diverse aspects of the flowering-time pathway that have been manipulated in these two cultivars. Epistatic interactions between flowering-time QTL or candidate genes were observed in field data and confirmed under controlled conditions. The results of this study link photoperiod-dependent flowering-time genes with earliness per se genes into a single model, thus providing a unique framework that can be used by geneticists and breeders to optimize flowering time in barley.

关键词： barley Flowering HvELF3 HvCEN HvFT1

Chronic liver disease in Aboriginal North Americans

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第29期14卷 4607-4615页

作者： John D scott Naomi Garland Department of Medicine Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases University of WashingtonSeattle WA 98144 United States Department of Laboratory Medicine University of WashingtonSeattle WA 98144 United States

A structured literature review was performed to detail the frequency and etiology of chronic liver disease (CLD) in Aboriginal North Americans. CLD affects Aboriginal North Americans disproportionately and is now one of the most common causes of death. Alcoholic liver disease is the leading etiology of CLD, but viral hepatitis, particularly hepatitis C, is an important and growing cause of CLD. High rates of autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis (PbC) are reported in regions of coastal british Columbia and southeastern Alaska. Non-alcoholic liver disease is a common, but understudied, cause of CLD. Future research should monitor the incidence and etiology of CLD and should be geographically inclusive. In addition, more research is needed on the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in this population.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis b virus American Indian Alaska Native Chronic liver disease

Earthworm rather than biochar and sodium silicate addition increased bacterial diversity in mining areas subjected to chemical fertilization

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biochar 2019年第4期1卷 365-374页

作者： Tengxiang Lian Ling Ma Yajun Zeng scott XChang Qibin Li Xiaoyang Chen Hai Nian The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources South China Agricultural UniversityNo.483 Wushan RoadGuangzhou 510642GuangdongPeople’s Republic of China The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular breeding of Guangdong Province College of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642GuangdongPeople’s Republic of China Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642GuangdongPeople’s Republic of China Department of Renewable Resources University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2E3Canada

The addition of biochar,sodium silicate,or earthworm is a feasible practice to repair soils disturbed by mining activities,and the reclamation is largely based on the alteration of the diversity and structure of soil *** objectives of this study were to assess the relative importance of these supplements on soil bacterial community diversity and structure in reclaimed mine areas.A field experiment with soybean was carried out in mining areas to assess the efficiency of nitrogen,phospho-rus and potassium(NPK)fertilizers plus those supplements on soil bacterial community structure and diversity by the 16S rRNA sequencing *** chemical properties were analyzed to their effects on the bacterial community *** results showed that the application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium(NPK)fertilizers significantly increased bacterial diversity,and a further increase was observed in NPK plus biochar,sodium silicate or earthworm ***,a higher number of genera were found in the NPK plus biochar and NPK plus earthworm treatments than that in the control,NPK and NPK plus sodium silicate *** bacterial community was significantly associated with nutrients,such as carbon(C)and nitrogen(N).Moreover,soil organic carbon(SOC)and pH were the most dominant factors in shaping the soil bacterial community structure and *** data indicate that the addition of earthworms to soil rather than biochar and sodium silicate was the best strategy to mitigate the detrimental effects of mining activities on soil bacterial diversity.

关键词： Mine reclamation biochar Soil organic carbon bacterial community Illumina MiSeq sequencing

Amphetamine Conditioned Place Preference in Planarians

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Journal of behavioral and brain Science 2013年第1期3卷 131-136页

作者： Robert b. Raffa Sumira Shah Christopher S. Tallarida scott M. Rawls Center for Substance Abuse Research Temple University School of Medicine Philadelphia USA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Temple University School of Pharmacy Philadelphia USA Neuroscience Program Temple University Philadelphia USA

Meth- and other amphetamines currently present major drug-abuse concerns. However, the demonstration and study of abuse-related behaviors expressed in animal models is expensive and time-consuming. We previously reported a novel model of conditioned place preference (CPP), which is a standard tool in abuse research, in invertebrates (planarians). In the present study, planarians were tested for light/dark preference, then exposed for 5 min to either d-amphetamine or vehicle (water) in light and then re-tested for place preference (light vs dark). The planarians’ natural strong preference for dark (15 of 16) was significantly altered by amphetamine experience, such that 12 of 16 preferred the unnatural, but amphetamine-associated, light side. These results extend the demonstration of CPP to this invertebrate species and provide further evidence in support of this model to testing/screening amphetamine-like and possibly other drugs of abuse.

关键词： Amphetamine Conditioned Place Preference Drug Abuse Planaria