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Restimate:Recovery Estimation Tool for Resilience Planning

Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2024年第1期5卷 47-63页

作者： scott Miles Megan Ly Nick Terry Youngjun Choe Department of Human Centered Design&Engineering Campus Box 352315University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195United States of America Department of Industrial&Systems Engineering Box 352650University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195United States of America

The *** Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)published the Community Resilience Planning Guide in *** NIST Guide advocates for a participatory process for developing a performance measurement framework for the jurisdiction’s resilience against a scenario *** framework centers around tables of expected and desired recovery times for selected community assets,such as electricity,water,and natural gas *** NIST Guide does not provide a method for estimating the expected recovery ***,building high-fidelity computer models for such estimations requires substantial resources that even larger ju-risdictions cannot *** most promising approach to recovery time estimation is to systematically use data elicited from people to tap into the wisdom of the(knowledgeable)*** paper describes a novel research-through-design project to enable the computer-supported elicitation of recovery time series *** work is the first in the literature to examine people’s ability to estimate recovery curves and how design in-fluences such *** main contribution to resilience planning is three-fold:development of a new elicitation tool called Restimate,understanding its potential user base,and providing insights into how it can facilitate resilience *** is the first tool to enable evidence-based expert elicitation in any community with limited resources for resilience *** resilience planning,those who facilitate high-stakes planning activities under large uncertainties(e.g.,mission-critical system design and planning)will benefit from a similar research-through-design process.

关键词： expert elicitation disaster natural hazard infrastructure community resilience restoration user-centered design computer-supported cooperative work

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A King＇s Two Bodies： The Northern Wei Emperor Wencheng and Representations of the Power of His Monarchy

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Frontiers of History in China 2012年第1期7卷 90-105页

作者： scott Pearce Liberal Studies Department Western Washington University Bellingham WA 98225 USA

This article examines the various ways in which the Northern Wei emperor Wenchengdi （440465; r. 452-465） was portrayed to his subjects. As is the case with many monarchs in many countries, he played different parts before different groups. For his soldiers, he was represented as a great hunter and marksman; to farmers in the lowlands, as a caring protector and benefactor; to potentially rebellious groups on the periphery, as a strong and steady observer of their actions. At the same time, it was in his reign that the Northern Wei court began efforts to use Buddhism as an overarching way to justify rule to all within the realm, by initiating construction of the famous cave-temples at Yungang, where ＂Buddhas became emperors and emperors Buddhas.＂ The spectacles through which Wenchengdi was portrayed are contextualized by a parallel examination of the very difficult life of the person behind the pomp and circumstance.

关键词： Northern Wei Wenchengdi legitimation propaganda ErnstKantorowicz Buddhism military culture

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U.S. Resilience to large-scale power outages in 2002–2019

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2022年第2期3卷 128-135页

作者： Aman Ankit Zhanlin Liu scott B.Miles Youngjun Choe Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98105USA Department of Human Centered Design&Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98105USA

Prolonged power outages debilitate the economy and threaten public health. Existing research is generally limitedin its scope to a single event, an outage cause, or a region. Here, we provide one of the most comprehensiveanalyses of large-scale power outages in the U.S. from 2002 to 2019. This analysis is based on the outage datacollected under U.S. federal mandates that concern large blackouts, typically of transmission systems and excludemuch more common but smaller blackouts, typically, of distribution systems. We categorized the data into fouroutage causes and computed reliability metrics, which are commonly used for distribution-level small outagesonly but useful for analyzing large blackouts. Our spatiotemporal analysis reveals six of the most resilient *** since 2010, improvement of power resilience against natural hazards in the south and northeast regions,and a disproportionately large number of human attacks for its population in the Western Electricity CoordinatingCouncil region. Our regression analysis identifies several statistically significant predictors and hypotheses forU.S. resilience to large blackouts. Furthermore, we propose a novel framework for analyzing outage data usingdifferential weighting and influential points to better understand power resilience. We share curated data andcode as Supplementary Materials.

关键词： Power outage Reliability Natural hazard Cyber attack Sabotage Operational maintenance

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Human biochemical genetics: an insight into inborn errors of metabolism

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2006年第2期7卷 165-166页

作者： YU Chunli scott C. Ronald Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics Emory University Decatur GA 30033 USA Center on Human Development and Disability University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) include a broad spectrum of defects of various gene products that affect interme-diary metabolism in the body. Studying the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of those inherited disorder, systematically summarizing the disease phenotype and natural history, providing diagnostic rationale and methodology and treatment strategy comprise the context of human biochemical genetics. This session focused on: (1) manifestations of representative metabolic disorders; (2) the emergent technology and application of newborn screening of metabolic disorders using tandem mass spec-trometry; (3) principles of managing IEM; (4) the concept of carrier testing aiming prevention. Early detection of patients with IEM allows early intervention and more options for treatment.

关键词： Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). Newborn screening (NRS) Disease phenotype and therapy

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Anal squamous cell carcinoma: An evolution in disease and management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第36期20卷 13052-13059页

作者： Marc C Osborne Justin Maykel Eric K Johnson scott R Steele University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN55415 United States University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center Worcester MA 01609 United States Department of Surgery Madigan Army Medical Center Tacoma WA 98431 United States

Anal cancer represents less than 1% of all new cancers diagnosed annually in the United States. Yet, despite the relative paucity of cases, the incidence of anal cancer has seen a steady about 2% rise each year over the last decade. As such, all healthcare providers need to be cognizant of the evaluation and treatment of anal squamous cell carcinoma. While chemoradiation remains the mainstay of therapy for most patients with anal cancer, surgery may still be required in recurrent, recalcitrant and palliative disease. In this manuscript, we will explore the diagnosis and management of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus.

关键词： Anal cancer Squamous cell cancer Nigro protocol Anal intraepithelial neoplasia Chemoradiation therapy Anal neoplasm Radiotherapy Cancer screening Drug therapy

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The impact of policy timing on the spread of COVID-19

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 942-954页

作者： Moshe Elitzur scott Kaplan Zeljko Ivezic David Zilberman Department of Astronomy Univ of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Dept of Agricultural&Resource Economics Univ of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Dept of Astronomy University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA Dept of Economics United States Naval AcademyAnnapolisMD 21402USA

We model COVID-19 data for 89 nations and US states with a recently developed formalism that describes mathematically any pattern of growth with the minimum number of *** results show that the disease has a typical duration of 18 days,with a significant increase in fatality when it lasts longer than about 4 *** for correlations between“flattening of the curve”and preventive public policies,we find strong statistical evidence for the impact of the first implemented policy on decreasing the pandemic growth rate;a delay of one week in implementation nearly triples the size of the infected population,on *** any government action,the initial outburst still slows down after 36 days,possibly thanks to changes in public behavior in response to the pandemic ***-at-home(lockdown)was not the first policy of any sample member,and we could not find statistically meaningful evidence for its added impact,similar to a recent study that employed an entirely different ***,lockdown was mostly imposed only shortly before the exponential rise was arrested by other measures,too late for a meaningful impact.A third of the sample members that did implement lockdown imposed it only after the outburst had already started to slow *** possibility remains that lockdown might have significantly shortened the initial exponential rise had it been employed as first resort rather than last.

关键词： COVID-19 Pandemic Exponential growth Growth hindering

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Chronic liver disease in Aboriginal North Americans

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第29期14卷 4607-4615页

作者： John D scott Naomi Garland Department of Medicine Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases University of WashingtonSeattle WA 98144 United States Department of Laboratory Medicine University of WashingtonSeattle WA 98144 United States

A structured literature review was performed to detail the frequency and etiology of chronic liver disease (CLD) in Aboriginal North Americans. CLD affects Aboriginal North Americans disproportionately and is now one of the most common causes of death. Alcoholic liver disease is the leading etiology of CLD, but viral hepatitis, particularly hepatitis C, is an important and growing cause of CLD. High rates of autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are reported in regions of coastal British Columbia and southeastern Alaska. Non-alcoholic liver disease is a common, but understudied, cause of CLD. Future research should monitor the incidence and etiology of CLD and should be geographically inclusive. In addition, more research is needed on the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in this population.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis B virus American Indian Alaska Native Chronic liver disease

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A peroxidase-like single-atom Fe-N_(5)active site for effective killing human lung adenocarcinoma cells

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Nano Research 2023年第4期16卷 5216-5225页

作者： Liye Zhu Hong Zhong Dan Du Tao Li Hoai Nguyen scott PBeckman Wentao Xu Jin-Cheng Li Nan Cheng Yuehe Lin Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA Faculty of Chemical Engineering Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus MaterialsKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650500China Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Northern Illinois University1425 W.Lincoln Hwy.DeKalbIL 60115USA X-ray Science Division Argonne National Laboratory9700 S.Cass AveLemontIL 60439USA Material Science Division Argonne National Laboratory9700 S.Cass AveLemontIL 60439USA

Single-atom catalyst(SAC)is one of the newest catalysts,and attracts people’s wide attention in cancer therapy based on their characteristics of maximum specific catalytic activity and high *** designed and synthesized a Fe-N decorated graphene nanosheet(Fe-N5/GN SAC)with the coordination number of *** enzymology and theoretical calculations,the Fe-N5/GN SAC has outstanding intrinsic peroxidase-like catalytic activity due to single-atom Fe site with five-N-coordination *** explored its potential on lung cancer therapy,and found that it could kill human lung adenocarcinoma cells(A549)by decomposing hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))into toxic reactive oxygen species(ROS)under acidic microenvironment in threedimensional(3D)lung cancer cell *** study demonstrates a promising application of SAC with highly efficient single-atom catalytic sites for cancer treatment.

关键词： single-atom catalyst three-dimensional(3D) cancer cell model peroxidase-like catalytic activity cancer therapy

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Application of Cydia pomonella expressed sequence tags： Identification and expression of three general odorant binding proteins in codling moth

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Insect Science 2013年第5期20卷 559-574页

作者： Stephen F. Garczynski Brad S. Coates Thomas R. Unruh scott Schaeffer Derick Jiwan Tyson Koepke Amit Dhingra USDA-ARS Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory Wapato WA 98951 USDA-ARS Corn Insect and Crop Genetics Research Unit Genetics Laboratory Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella, is one of the most important pests of pome fruits in the world, yet the molecular genetics and the physiology of this insect remain poorly understood. A combined assembly of 8？341 expressed sequence tags was generated from Roche 454 GS-FLX sequencing of eight tissue-specific cDNA libraries. Putative chemosensory proteins （12） and odorant binding proteins （OBPs）（18） were annotated, which included three putative general OBP （GOBP）, one more than typically reported for other Lepidoptera. To further characterize CpomGOBPs, we cloned cDNA copies of their transcripts and determined their expression patterns in various tissues. Cloning and sequencing of the 698？nt transcript for CpomGOBP1 resulted in the prediction of a 163 amino acid coding region, and subsequent RT-PCR indicated that the transcripts were mainly expressed in antennae and mouthparts. The 1？289 nt （160 amino acid） CpomGOBP2 and the novel 702 nt （169 amino acid） CpomGOBP3 transcripts are mainly expressed in antennae, mouthparts, and female abdomen tips. These results indicate that next generation sequencing is useful for the identification of novel transcripts of interest, and that codling moth expresses a transcript encoding for a new member of the GOBP subfamily.

关键词： codling moth EST odorant binding proteins

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Friction-based riveting technique for AZ31 magnesium alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第1期10卷 122-130页

作者： Tianhao wang scott Whalen Xiaolong Ma Joshua Silverstein Hrishikesh Das Madhusudhan R.Pallaka Angel Ortiz Timothy Roosendaal Piyush Upadhyay Keerti S Kappagantula Pacific Northwest National Laboratory MSIN:K2-03902 Battelle Blvd.RichlandWA 99352United States

A new friction-based riveting technique, Rotating Hammer Riveting(RHR), is demonstrated to fully form AZ31 Mg rivet heads in a mere 0.23 s. Heat and pressure generated through severe plastic deformation during the process was sufficient to form the Mg rivet head without the need for a pre-heating operation. Due to preliminary twinning and followed by dynamic recrystallization, AZ31 Mg grains in the rivet head were refined during RHR, which enhance the formability of Mg rivets by triggering grain boundary sliding and reducing plastic anisotropy of Mg. In addition, RHR joints showed a metallurgical bond between the rivet head and top AZ31 Mg sheet, which eliminates a significant pathway for corrosion.

关键词： Rivet Magnesium Dissimilar joining

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