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REVIEW Risk Assessment of the mycotoxin Ochratoxin A

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1989年第3期2卷 179-248页

作者： T.KUIPER-GOODmAN P.m.scott Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate Health Protection Branch Health and Welfare Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada K1A0L2

Ochratoxin A (OA) is a mycotoxin which has been found to occur in foods of plant origin, in edible animal tissues, as well as in human blood sera and tissues. The ability of OA to move up the food chain is aided by its long half-life in certain edible animal species. In this report, an evaluation of the health risks to Canadians due to the presence of OA in food products is presented. The first part of the report deals with the physicochemical aspects, mycology, laboratory production, analytical methods, and natural occurrence in plant products, animal products, and human tissues. The stability of OA in foods and feeds, the effects of food processing, and the removal from foods and feeds by physicochemical means are also discussed. From these data, the worst case estimate for the daily exposure of Canadians to OA, from the consumption of pork-based food products and cereal foods, is approximately 5 ng OA/kg body wt (mean of eaters) for young children, the highest consumption group on a body weight basis. The second part of the report deals with the metabolic disposition as well as the available toxicity database for OA in laboratory animals, farm animals, and humans. The major target for OA toxicity in all mammalian species tested is the kidney, and endemic nephropathies affecting livestock as well as humans have been attributed to OA. OA is also teratogenic, and in the fetus the major target is the developing central nervous system. Recent studies have provided 'clear evidence' of the carcinogenicity of OA in two rodent species. OA was found to be nonmutagenic in various microbial and mammalian gene mutation assays, but weak genotoxic activity to mammalian cells was noted. In addition, OA was found to suppress immune function. Based on the NTP carcinogenicity study with OA in rats, the estimated tolerable daily intake in humans ranges from 0.2 to 4.2 ng OA/kg body wt, depending on the method of extrapolation used. In view of the toxic properties of OA, it is recomm

关键词： OA REVIEW Risk Assessment of the mycotoxin Ochratoxin A

Effects of Enriched Biochars Containing magnetic Iron Nanoparticles on mycorrhizal Colonisation,Plant Growth,Nutrient Uptake and Soil Quality Improvement

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 749-760页

作者： Stephen JOSEPH Hossain m.ANAWAR Paul STORER Paul BLACKWELL Chee CHIA Yun LIN Paul mUNROE scott DONNE Josip HORVAT Jianli WANG Zakaria m.SOLAImAN School of materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydney Discipline of Chemistry University of Newcastle Institute for Superconducting and Electronic materials and School of Physics University of Wollongong Soil Biology and molecular Ecology Group School of Earth and Environment (M087) and UWA Institute of AgricultureFaculty of ScienceThe University of Western Australia Australian mineral Fertilisers Pty Ltd. Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia Geraldton Regional Office Institute for Superconducting and Electronic materials University of Wollongong

At present, there is little commercial sale of biochar, since farmers find they can not gain a return on their investment in this amendment in the first few years after its application, because of the high cost associated with large application rates. To overcome this constraint, development of artificially aged enriched biochar-mineral complexes(BmCs), having a higher mineral content, surface functionality, exchangeable cations, high concentration of magnetic iron(Fe) nanoparticles, and higher water-extractable organic compounds has been undertaken by a combined team of researchers and a commercial company. Two biochars produced under different pyrolysis conditions were activated with a phosphoric acid treatment. A mixture of clay, chicken litter, and minerals were added to the biochar, and then this composite was torrefied at either 180 or 220?C. In this study a pot experiment was carried out in glasshouse conditions to determine the effects of four different BmCs, with different formulations applied at rates of 100 and 200 kg ha-1, on the mycorrhizal colonisation, wheat growth and nutrient uptake, and soil quality improvement. It was found that the phosphorus(P) and nitrogen uptake in wheat shoots were significantly greater for a low application rate of BmCs(100 kg ha-1). The present formulation of BmC was effective in enhancing growth of wheat at low application rate(100 kg ha-1). The increase in growth appeared due to an increase in P uptake in the plants that could be partly attributed to an increase in mycorrhizal colonisation and partly due to the properties of the BmC.

关键词：养分吸收植物生长土壤质量生物炭磁性纳米粒子菌根矿物质含量小麦生长

Prospects for sociogenomics in avian cooperative breeding and parental care

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Current Zoology 2020年第3期66卷 293-306页

作者： Flavia TERmIGNONI-GARCIA matthew I.m.LOUDER Christopher N.BALAKRISHNAN Lauren O’CONNELL scott V.EDWARDS Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA International Research Center for Neurointelligence The University of TokyoHongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-0033Japan Department of Biology East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC 27858USA Department of Biology Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

For the last 40 years,the study of cooperative breeding(CB)in birds has proceeded primarily in the context of discovering the ecological,geographical,and behavioral drivers of *** advent of molecular tools in the early 1990s assisted in clarifying the relatedness of helpers to those helped,in some cases,confirming predictions of kin selection *** for genome-wide analysis of sequence variation,gene expression,and epigenetics promise to add new dimensions to our understanding of avian CB,primarily in the area of molecular and developmental correlates of delayed breeding and dispersal,as well as the ontogeny of achieving parental status in ***,we outline key ways in which modern-omics approaches,in particular genome sequencing,transcriptomics,and epigenetic profiling such as ATAC-seq,can be used to add a new level of ana-lysis of avian *** on recent and ongoing studies of avian social behavior and sociogenom-ics,we review how high-throughput sequencing of a focal species or clade can provide a robust foundation for downstream,context-dependent destructive and non-destructive sampling of spe-cific tissues or physiological states in the field for analysis of gene expression and epigenetics.-Omics approaches have the potential to inform not only studies of the diversification of CB over evolutionary time,but real-time analyses of behavioral interactions in the field or *** of birds represents a new branch in the network of methods used to study CB,and can help clarify ways in which the different levels of analysis of CB ultimately interact in novel and unexpected ways.

关键词： ATAC-seq behavior convergent evolution epigenetics neurobiology phylogeny

Polymer-mediated immunocamouflage of red blood cells: Effects of polymer size on antigenic and immunogenic recognition of allogeneic donor blood cells

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2011年第7期54卷 589-598页

作者： WANG DunCheng Dana L. KYLUIK Kari L. mURAD Wendy m. TOYOFUKU mark D. scott Canadian Blood Services Vancouver V6T 1Z3 British Columbia Canada Centre for Blood Research and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z3 British Columbia Canada Department of Biology College of St. Rose Albany 12208 New York USA

Developing a practical means of reducing alloimmunization in chronically transfused patients would be of significant clinical benefit. Immunocamouflaging red blood cells (RBCs) by membrane grafting of methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) may reduce the risk of allo-immunization. The results of this study showed that antibody recognition of non-ABO antigens was significantly reduced in an mPEG-dose- and polymer size-dependent manner, with higher molecular weight mPEGs providing better immunoprotection. Furthermore, in vivo immunogenicity was significantly reduced in mice serially transfused with mPEG-modified xenogeneic (sheep; sRBCs), allogeneic (C57Bl/6), or syngeneic (Balb/c) RBCs. Following a primary transfu- sion of sRBCs, mice receiving mPEG-sRBCs showed a >90% reduction in anti-sRBC IgG antibody levels. After two transfusions, mice receiving mPEG-sRBCs showed reductions of >80% in anti-sRBC IgG levels. Importantly, mPEG-modified autologous cells did not induce neoantigens or an immune (IgG or Igm) response. These data suggest that the global immunocamouflage of RBCs by polymer grafting may provide a safe and cost-effective means of reducing the risk of alloimmunization.

关键词：红细胞免疫接枝聚合物免疫原性高分子量血液细胞 mPEG文件抗原性介导

Control systems and data management for high-power laser facilities

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2023年第5期11卷 51-75页

作者： scott Feister Kevin Cassou Stephen Dann Andreas Döpp Philippe Gauron Anthony J.Gonsalves Archis Joglekar Victoria marshall Olivier Neveu Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt matthew J.V.Streeter Charlotte A.J.Palmer California State University Channel Islands CamarilloCaliforniaUSA UniversitéParis-Saclay CNRS/IN2P3IJCLabOrsayFrance Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUK Ludwig–maximilians–Universität münchen GarchingGermany BELLA Center Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences University of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA Ergodic LLC San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf DresdenGermany Queen’s University Belfast BelfastUK

The next generation of high-power lasers enables repetition of experiments at orders of magnitude higher frequency than what was possible using the prior *** requiring human intervention between laser repetitions need to adapt in order to keep pace with the new laser technology.A distributed networked control system can enable laboratory-wide automation and feedback control *** higher-repetition-rate experiments will create enormous quantities of data.A consistent approach to managing data can increase data accessibility,reduce repetitive data-software development and mitigate poorly organized *** opportunity arises to share knowledge of improvements to control and data infrastructure currently being *** compare platforms and approaches to state-of-the-art control systems and data management at high-power laser facilities,and we illustrate these topics with case studies from our community.

关键词： big data community organization control systems data management feedback loops high-power lasers high repetition rate metadata stabilization standards

The whole day matters: Understanding 24-hour movement guideline adherence and relationships with health indicators across the lifespan

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第6期9卷 493-510页

作者： scott Rollo Olga Antsygina mark S.Tremblay Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaONK1H 8L1Canada Department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONK1H 8M5Canada Department of Health Sciences Carleton UniversityOttawaONK1S 5B6Canada

Background:New research suggests that the composition(mix)of movement behaviors within a 24-h period may have important implications for health across the *** with this integrated movement behavior paradigm,a number of countries across the world have developed and released 24-h movement guidelines for specific age *** purpose of this systematic review was to examine the associations between the 24-h time-use composition of movement behaviors,or adherence to 24-h movement guidelines,and multiple health indicators across the ***:Five online databases(PsycINFO,Pubmed,SPORTDiscus,Web of Science,and Ovid mEDLINE)were searched for relevant peer-reviewed studies published between January 2015 and January 2020 that met the a priori inclusion criteria,with no study design *** methodological quality of research evidence for each individual study and for each health indicator was assessed by using a modified version of the Downs and Black ***:A total of 51 studies from 20 different countries met the inclusion criteria.A total of 31 studies examined adherence(meeting *** meeting)to 24-h movement guidelines,and 20 studies used compositional analyses to explore the 24-h time-use composition of movement *** indicated that meeting the 24-h movement guidelines were(1)not associated with adiposity among toddlers,(2)favorably associated with health-related quality of life,social-cognitive development,and behavioral and emotional problems among preschoolers,(3)favorably associated with global cognition,health-related quality of life,and healthy dietary patterns in children,and(4)favorably associated with adiposity,fitness,and cardiometabolic,mental,social,and emotional health among children and *** associations were also found between the composition of 24-h movement behaviors and indicators of(1)adiposity and bone and skeletal health among preschoolers,(2)health-related quality of life among child

关键词： Compositional analysis movement behaviors Physical activity Sedentary behavior Sleep

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患者版指南发展现状与研究前景

中国循证医学杂志 2023年第2期23卷 221-226页

作者：晏利姣梁士兵余泽宇陈薇 Sarah scott 刘建平北京中医药大学循证医学中心北京100029 英国国立健康与照护卓越研究院曼彻斯特M14BT

随着患者版指南在国内外逐渐被重视和开发,相关研究不断增多。为使国内学者更好地了解该领域的最新动态,促进患者版指南发展,本文对患者版指南的概念、制订现状、制订方法等进行了总结并分析不足。最后,基于患者版指南现状,为推动患者... 详细信息

随着患者版指南在国内外逐渐被重视和开发,相关研究不断增多。为使国内学者更好地了解该领域的最新动态,促进患者版指南发展,本文对患者版指南的概念、制订现状、制订方法等进行了总结并分析不足。最后,基于患者版指南现状,为推动患者版指南的发展提出以下三点对策:患者版指南的概念有待进一步明确;建立患者版指南传播平台,使患者版指南发挥其价值;使用标准的患者版指南制订方法,确保患者版指南质量。

关键词：患者版指南医患决策共同决策患者参与

Soft-tissue management and reconstruction of lower-extremity trauma

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2022年第1期9卷 233-242页

作者： Sammy Othman Said C.Azoury Kevin m.Klifto Lscott Levin Stephen J.Kovach Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Northwell HealthNew YorkNY 1075USA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of SurgeryMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 1075USA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

Soft-tissue management and subsequent salvage of the lower extremity following trauma has long presented difficult challenges to the plastic *** to the lower extremity can produce long-term sequelae consisting of psychological trauma,functional deficits,and increased costs to the healthcare *** incorrect management is important,and is compounded by the fact that few guidelines exist on appropriate treatment and patient *** study aims to describe the authors’experience at a large limb salvage center in order to further delineate management strategies.

关键词： Reconstructive surgery trauma lower extremity microsurgery soft-tissue

On the Limits to manage Air-Quality in Glacier Bay

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第12期7卷 1923-1955页

作者： Nicole mölders scott Gende Department of Atmospheric Sciences Geophysical Institute College of Natural Science University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA National Park Service Juneau AK USA

In Glacier Bay National Park, about 95% of the visitors come on board of cruise ships. The National Park Service has the mandate to manage park resources like air quality and visibility, while ensuring visitation. To understand the impact of cruise-ship emissions on the overall concentrations in Glacier Bay, emission-source contribution ratios (ESCR) and the interaction of pollutant from local and/or distant sources were determined using results from four WRF/Chem simulations of the 2008 tourist season (may 15 to September 15). These simulations only differed by the emissions considered: Biogenic emissions only (CLN), biogenic plus activity-based cruise-ship emissions (REF), biogenic plus all anthropogenic emissions except cruise-ship emissions (RETRO), and all aforementioned emissions (ALL). In general, ESCRs differed among pollutants. Interaction between pollutants from cruise-ship emissions and species from other sources including those advected into the bay decreased towards the top of the atmospheric boundary layer. Pollutants from different sources interacted strongest (lowest) in the west arm of the fjord where ships berthed for glacier viewing (in areas of the bay without cruise-ship travel). Pollutant interaction both enhanced/reduced NO2 concentrations by 10% (4 - 8 ppt absolute). Except for ozone, cruise-ship emissions on average governed air quality in the bay. On days with cruise-ship visits, they contributed between 60% and 80% of the bay-wide daily mean SO2 and NO2 concentrations below 1 km height. On days without visits, cruise-ship contributions still reached 40% due to previous visits. Highest cruise-ship ESCRs occurred during stagnant weather conditions. Despite the fact that all coarse particulate matter was due to anthropogenic sources, worst visibility conditions were due to meteorology. The results suggest limits as well as windows for managing air quality and visibility in Glacier Bay.

关键词： Glacier Bay National Park Emission-Source Contribution Cruise-Ship Emissions Air-Quality management Interaction of Pollutants