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Quantitative Applications of Weather Satellite Data for Nowcasting:Progress and Challenges

Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第3期38卷 399-413页

作者： Jun lI Jing ZHENg Bo lI Min MIN Yanan lIU Chian-Yi lIU Zhenglong lI WPaul MENZEl Timothy J.SCHMIT John l.CINTINEO scott lINDSTROM scott BACHMEIER Yunheng XUE Yayu MA Di DI Han lIN Innovation Centre for Fengyun Meteorological Satellite(FYSIC) National Satellite Meteorological CentreChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China School of Atmospheric Sciences and guangdong Province Key laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and EngineeringZhuhai519082China Key laboratory of geographic Information Science(Ministry of Education) East China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China Research Center for Environmental Changes Academia SinicaTaipei11529China Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA Sensors and Calibration Branch STAR/NESDISMadisonWI53706USA Wuxi University Wuxi214105China School of Computer Science Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu610225China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China Key laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Satellite Geospatial Information TechnologyFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China

Monitoring and predicting highly localized weather events over a very short-term period,typically ranging from minutes to a few hours,are very important for decision makers and public *** these events usually relies on radar observations through monitoring and *** advanced high-resolution imaging and sounding observations from weather satellites,nowcasting can be enhanced by combining radar,satellite,and other data,while quantitative applications of those data for nowcasting are advanced through using machine learning *** applications include monitoring the location,impact area,intensity,water vapor,atmospheric instability,precipitation,physical properties,and optical properties of the severe storm at different stages(pre-convection,initiation,development,and decaying),identification of storm types(wind,snow,hail,etc.),and predicting the occurrence and evolution of the *** observations can provide information on the environmental characteristics in the preconvection stage and are very useful for situational awareness and storm *** paper provides an overview of recent progress on quantitative applications of satellite data in nowcasting and its challenges,and future perspectives are also addressed and discussed.

关键词： weather satellite quantitative applications nowcasting pre-convection

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High association strengths are linked to phenotypic similarity,including plumage color and patterns,of participants in mixed-species bird flocks of southwestern China

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 34-44页

作者： liping Zhou Christos Mammides Youfang Chen Wenyi Zhou Wenzhang Dai Edward l.Braun Rebecca T.Kimball Yang liu scott K.Robinson Eben goodale guangxi Key laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation College of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Nature Conservation Unit Frederick University7Yianni Frederickou StreetPallouriotissaNicosia 1036Cyprus State Key laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Florida Museum of Natural History University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 34201USA Department of Biology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 34201USA School of life Science and Institute of Wetland Ecology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210000China State Key laboratory of Biocontrol School of EcologySun-Yatsen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Department of Health and Environmental Science Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123China

Participants in mixed-species bird flocks(MSFs)have been shown to associate with species that are similar in body size,diet,and evolutionary history,suggesting that facilitation structures these *** addition,several studies have suggested that species in MsFs resemble each other in their plumage,but this question has not been systematically investigated for any MsF *** the nonbreeding season of 2020 and 2021,we sampled 585 MSFs on 14 transects in 2 habitats of Tongbiguang Nature Reserve in western Yunnan Province,*** performed social network analysis and the Multiple Regression Quadratic Assignment Procedure to evaluate the effect of 4 species traits(body size,overall plumage color,distinctive plumage patterns,and diet)and evolutionary history on species association strength at the whole-MSF and within-MSF *** 41 significant relationships showed that species with stronger associations were more similar in their various *** size had the strongest effect on association strength,followed by phylogeny,plumage patterns,and plumage color;diet had the weakest *** results are consistent with the hypotheses that the benefits of associating with phenotypically similar species outweigh the potential costs of interspecific competition,and that trait matching can occur in plumage characteristics,albeit more weakly than in other *** explanations exist as to why similarities in plumage may occur in MSFs,including that they could reduce predators'ability to target phenotypically"odd"*** trait matching in plumage occurs through assortative processes in ecological time or is influenced by co-evolution requires furtherstudy.

关键词： co-evolution interaction networks mixed-species animal groups phenotypic similarity trait convergence

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Endoscopic ultrasound-guided portal pressure gradient identifies patients with previously undiagnosed clinically significant portal hypertension

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Portal Hypertension & Cirrhosis 2024年第2期3卷 67-74页

作者： Jerome C.Edelson scott F.D.Edelson John g.Quiles Cyrus V.Edelson Eric M.Montminy Christian l.Horn John P.Magulick Don C.Rockey Department of gastroenterology and Hepatology Brooke Army Medical CenterFort Sam HoustonTexasUSA Department of Medicine Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMarylandUSA Department of Medicine Brooke Army Medical CenterFort Sam HoustonTexasUSA John H.Stroger Jr.Hospital of Cook County ChicagoIllinoisUSA Digestive Disease Research Center Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA

Aims:Portal hypertension(PH)is a complication of cirrhosis that leads to hepatic *** the portal pressure gradient(PPg)provides valuable information for disease assessment,staging,and *** this study,we aimed to report the utilization of endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided PPg(EUS-PPg)measurements in a real-world ***:This retrospective analysis included patients at a tertiary care center who underwent EUS-PPg between February 2021 and May *** most common indication was to establish or exclude the diagnosis of cirrhosis,followed by an assessment of surgical risk in the setting of suspected *** demographic and clinical data were collected,and statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t ***:Eighteen patients underwent *** success was achieved in 17 of the 18 *** complications were *** mean scores of Child-Pugh,Model for End-Stage liver Disease-Sodium,and Fibrosis-4 scores were 5.1±0.5,9.0±3.0,and 3.7±4.5,*** the 18 patients,two presented with esophageal varices and six with portal hypertensive *** mean PPg was 5.8±4.5 mmHg,and five patients exhibited clinically significant PH(CSPH).Of the 18 patients,15 underwent concurrent EUS-liver biopsy,which was 100%successful and provided diagnostic histology for all *** PPg data led to changes in the clinical management of 17 ***:EUS-PPg is safe and technically *** Child-Pugh score did not correlate well with the presence of CSPH;however,PPg measurements resulted in changes in the management of almost all *** studies correlating EUS-PPg with other assessments of liver diseases are required.

关键词： EUS portal hypertension portal pressure gradient

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Reactive oxygen species promote endurance exercise-induced adaptations in skeletal muscles

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 780-792页

作者： scott K.Powers Zsolt Radak li li Ji Malcolm Jackson Department of Applied Physiology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32608USA Research Institute of Sport Science Hungarian University of Sport ScienceBudapest 1123Hungary Department of Kinesiology University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55455USA Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science Institute of Life Course and Medical SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpool L78TXUK

The discovery that contracting skeletal muscle generates reactive oxygen species(ROS)was first reported over 40 years *** prevailing view in the 1980s was that exercise-induced ROS production promotes oxidation of proteins and lipids resulting in muscle ***,a paradigm shift occurred in the 1990s as growing research revealed that ROS are signaling molecules,capable of activating transcriptional activators/coactivators and promoting exercise-induced muscle *** evidence supports the notion that reduction-oxidation(redox)signaling pathways play an important role in the muscle remodeling that occurs in response to endurance exercise *** review examines the specific role that redox signaling plays in this endurance exercise-induced skeletal muscle *** begin with a discussion of the primary sites of ROS production in contracting muscle fibers followed by a summary of the antioxidant enzymes involved in the regulation of ROS levels in the *** then discuss which redox-sensitive signaling pathways promote endurance exercise-induced muscle adaptation and debate the strength of the evidence supporting the notion that redox signaling plays an essential role in muscle adaptation to endurance exercise *** hopes of stimulating future research,we highlight several important unanswered questions in this field.

关键词： Antioxidants Mitochondrial biogenesis Radicals Redox signaling

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Older Adult Compendium of Physical Activities:Energy costs of human activities in adults aged 60 and older

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 13-17,F0003页

作者： Erik A.Willis Stephen D.Herrmann Mary Hastert Chelsea l.Kracht Tiago V.Barreira John M.Schuna Jr. Zhenghua Cai Minghui Quan scott A.Conger Wendy J.Brown Barbara E.Ainsworth Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research The University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Physical Activity and Weight Management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Clinical Science Division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA Exercise Science Department Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA School of Exercise&Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Department of Kinesiology Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine Bond UniversityGold CoastQLD 4229Australia College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA

Purpose:To describe the development of a Compendium for estimating the energy costs of activities in adults>60 years(OA Compendium).Methods:Physical activities(PAs)and their metabolic equivalent of task(MET)values were obtained from a systematic search of studies published in 4 sport and exercise databases(PubMed,Embase,SPORTDiscus(EBSCOhost),and Scopus)and a review of articles included in the 2011 Adult Compendium that measured PA in older *** values were computed as the oxygen cost(VO_(2),ml/kg/min)during PA divided by 2.7 m l/kg/min(MET_(60+))to account for the lower resting metabolic rate in older ***:We identified 68 articles and extracted energy expenditure data on 427 *** these,we derived 99 unique Specific Activity codes with corresponding MET_(60+)values for older *** developed a website to present the OA Compendium MET_(60+)values:https://***:The OA Compendium uses data collected from adults>60 years for more accurate estimation of the energy cost of PAs in older *** is an accessible resource that will allow researchers,educators,and practitioners to find MET_(60+)values for older adults for use in PA research and practice.

关键词： Energy expenditure Exercise MET Older adults

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Exercise training improves long-term memory in obese mice

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life Metabolism 2024年第1期3卷 37-50页

作者： Oliver K.Fuller Casey l.Egan Tina l.Robinson Nimna Perera Heidy K.latchman lauren V.Terry Emma D.Mclennan Carolina Chavez Emma l.Burrows John W.scott Robyn M.Murphy Henriette van Praag Martin Whitham Mark A.Febbraio Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoria3052Australia la Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoria3086Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria3052Australia Department of Biomedical Sciences Charles E.Schmidt College of Medicineand Stiles-Nicholson Brain InstituteFlorida Atlantic UniversityJupiterFL 33458United States College of life and Environmental Sciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom

Obesity has been linked to a range of pathologies,including *** contrast,regular physical activity is associated with the prevention or reduced progression of ***,physical activity can improve memory and spatial cognition,reduce age-related cognitive decline,and preserve brain volume,but the mechanisms are not fully ***,we investigated whether any detrimental effects of high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obesity on cognition,motor behavior,adult hippocampal neurogenesis,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)could be mitigated by voluntary exercise training in male C57Bl/6 ***-induced impairment of motor function was not reversed by ***,voluntary wheel running improved long-term memory and increased hippocampal neurogenesis,suggesting that regular physical activity may prevent cognitive decline in obesity.

关键词： obesity exercise cognition

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Oxidative Stress in Collegiate Cross Country Skiers in Mid- and Post-Seasons

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第5期12卷 99-110页

作者： scott P. Jerome Kriya l. Dunlap Ava M. Parrish Matthew l. lowman Emily M. Shipman lawrence K. Duffy Arleigh J. Reynolds Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Department of Biology & Wildlife University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA

Purpose: The oxidative stress (OS) hypothesis of overtraining syndrome argues that increased production of free radicals through exercise cause muscle fatigue and damage resulting in lower athletic performance. Several studies have investigated OS immediately before and after exercise bouts in a training macrocycle. Our study aimed to compare OS of endurance athletes between a competition macrocycle and the immediate post-season recovery macrocycle. In addition, we aimed to identify athletes who experienced an unexplainable drop in athletic performance during the competition season in order to compare their OS to those who experienced no drop in performance. Methods: Fifteen members of the University of Alaska Fairbanks cross country ski team volunteered for this study. Blood samples were taken in early February (“mid-season”) and late April (“post-season”). Participants completed questionnaires regarding physical activity and athletic performance at the time of the blood draws. Plasma was analyzed for 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), nitrotyrosine, nitric oxide (NOX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Significance was determined by Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Participants displayed significantly higher (p Conclusion: Signs of oxidative stress and mitigation during the post-season recovery macrocycle were higher in athletes who reported experiencing a drop in athletic performance during the competition season macrocycle.

关键词： Oxidative Stress 4-Hydroxynonenal Superoxide Dismutase Athletic Performance Training Macrocycle

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A Comparative Study of the l2 Pragmatic Competence of University Students in Hong Kong and the Chinese Mainland:The Contributions of Sociocultural Context and linguistic Proficiency

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Chinese Journal of Applied linguistics 2024年第3期47卷 371-392,524页

作者： scott AUBREY Rod EllIS Faculty of Education Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Education Curtin UniversityAustralia

This study investigates the differences in pragmatic competence between Hong Kong and Chinese mainland university *** included 19 native speakers of English,115 Chinese mainland students,divided into those who had spent time abroad in an English-speaking country(CM A)and those who had not(CM NA),and 97 Hong Kong students,divided into those from an English-medium secondary school(Hong Kong EMI)and those from a Chinese-medium school(Hong Kong CMI).linguistic proficiency was measured by a C-test,and pragmatic competence by a Metapragmatic Knowledge Test,an Irony Test and a Monologic Role *** scores were compared using ANCOVAs to control for differences in *** results point to a continuum of pragmatic competence—EMI>CMI>CM A>CM NA—reflecting the groups’access to English in real-life *** differences between the Hong Kong groups and the Chinese mainland groups were clearest in those tests measuring processing capacity(i.e.,Irony Response Time and the Monologic Role Play).CM A,but not CM NA,performed as well as the Hong Kong groups on measures of metapragmatic *** results are discussed in terms of Bialystok’s(1993)distinction between analyzed representation and control of processing.

关键词： pragmatic competence social context Hong Kong the Chinese mainland metapragmatic knowledge processing capacity

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Effect of Planting Date on Yield and Yield Components of grain Sorghum Hybrids

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第5期15卷 387-402页

作者： Bandiougou Diawara Sory Diallo Brahima Traore scott Staggenbord Vara Prasad Institut D’ Economie Rurale (IER) Bamako Mali Manhattan KS USA

In Kansas, productivity of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (l.) Moench] is affected by weather conditions at planting and during pollination. Planting date management and selection of hybrid maturity group can help to avoid severe environmental stresses during these sensitive stages. The hypothesis of the study was that late May planting improves grain sorghum yield and yield components compared with late June planting. The objectives of this research were to investigate the influence of planting dates yield and yield components of different grain sorghum hybrids, and to determine the optimal planting date and hybrid combination for maximum biomass and grains production. Three sorghum hybrids (early, medium, and late maturing) were planted in late May and late June without irrigation in Kansas at Manhattan/Ashland Bottom Research Station, and Hutchinson in 2010;and at Manhattan/North Farm and Hutchinson in 2011. Data on dry matter production, yield and yield components were collected. grain yield and yield components were influenced by planting date depending on environmental conditions. At Manhattan (2010), greater grain yield, number of heads per plant, were obtained with late-June planting compared with late May planting, while at Hutchinson (2010) greater yield was obtained with late May planting for all hybrids. The yield component most affected at Hutchinson was the number of kernels∙panicle−1 and plant density. late-May planting was favorable for late maturing hybrid (P84g62) in all locations. However, the yield of early maturing hybrid (DKS 28-05) and medium maturing hybrid (DKS 37-07) was less affected by delayed planting. The effects of planting dates on yield and yield components of grain sorghum hybrids were found to be variable among hybrid maturity groups and locations.

关键词： Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (l.) Moench] grain Yield Yield Components

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Purinergic signaling systems across comparative models of spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第3期17卷 2391-2398页

作者： Eva E.Stefanova Angela l.scott Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine McMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada

Within the last several decades,the scientific community has made substantial progress in elucidating the complex pathophysiology underlying spinal cord ***,despite the many advances using conventional mammalian models,both cellular and axonal regeneration following spinal cord injury have remained out of *** this sense,turning to non-mammalian,regenerative species presents a unique opportunity to identify pro-regenerative cues and chara cterize a spinal cord microenvironment permissive to *** the signaling pathways hypothesized to be dysregulated during spinal cord injury is the purinergic signaling *** addition to its well-known role as energy currency in cells,ATP and its metabolites are small molecule neurotransmitte rs that mediate many diverse cellular processes within the central nervous *** our unde rstanding of the roles of the purinergic system following spinal cord injury is limited,this signaling pathway has been implicated in all injury-induced secondary processes,including cellular death,inflammation,reactive gliosis,and neural *** that the purinergic system is also evolutionarily conserved between mammalian and non-mammalian species,comparisons of these roles may provide important insights into conditions responsible for recovery ***,we compare the secondary processes between key model species and the influence of purinergic signaling in each *** our understanding of this signaling system and pro-regenerative conditions continues to evolve,so does the potential for the development of novel therapeutic interventions for spinal cord injury.

关键词： cell death differenriation glia inflammation neurogenesis proliferation purinergic signaling reactive gliosis regeneration spinal cord injury teleost

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