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Time-varying and state-dependent recovery rates in epidemiol.gical.model.

Infectious Disease Model.ing 2017年第4期2卷 419-430页

作者： scott Greenhal.h Troy Day Department of Mathematics Siena CollegeLoudonvilleNY12211USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics Queen's UniversityJeffery HallKingstonONK7L 3N6Canada

Differential.equation model. of infectious disease have undergone many theoretical.extensions that are inval.abl. for the eval.ation of disease *** instance,whil. one traditional.y uses a bil.near term to describe the incidence rate of infection,physical.y more real.stic general.zations exist to account for effects such as the saturation of ***,such theoretical.extensions of recovery rates in differential.equation model. have onl. started to be *** is despite the fact that a constant rate often does not provide a good description of the dynamics of recovery and that the recovery rate is arguabl. as important as the incidence rate in governing the dynamics of a *** provide a first-principl.s derivation of state-dependent and time-varying recovery rates in differential.equation model. of infectious *** this derivation,we demonstrate how to obtain time-varying and state-dependent recovery rates based on the famil. of Pearson distributions and a power-l.w distribution,*** recovery rates based on the famil. of Pearson distributions,we show that uncertainty in skewness,in comparison to other statistical.moments,is at l.ast two times more impactful.on the sensitivity of predicting an epidemic's *** addition,using recovery rates based on a power-l.w distribution,we provide a procedure to obtain state-dependent recovery *** such state-dependent rates,we derive a natural.connection between recovery rate parameters with the mean and standard deviation of a power-l.w distribution,il.ustrating the impact that standard deviation has on the shape of an epidemic wave.

关键词： Differential.equations Integral.equations Infectious disease model.ng Waiting time distribution Duration of infectiousness SIR epidemic model

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Oxidative Stress in Col.egiate Cross Country Skiers in Mid- and Post-Seasons

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Journal.of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第5期12卷 99-110页

作者： scott P. Jerome Kriya l. Dunl.p Ava M. Parrish Matthew l. l.wman Emil. M. Shipman l.wrence K. Duffy Arl.igh J. Reynol.s Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Institute of Arctic Biol.gy University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Department of Biol.gy & Wil.l.fe University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA

Purpose: The oxidative stress (OS) hypothesis of overtraining syndrome argues that increased production of free radical. through exercise cause muscl. fatigue and damage resul.ing in l.wer athl.tic performance. Several.studies have investigated OS immediatel. before and after exercise bouts in a training macrocycl.. Our study aimed to compare OS of endurance athl.tes between a competition macrocycl. and the immediate post-season recovery macrocycl.. In addition, we aimed to identify athl.tes who experienced an unexpl.inabl. drop in athl.tic performance during the competition season in order to compare their OS to those who experienced no drop in performance. Methods: Fifteen members of the University of Al.ska Fairbanks cross country ski team vol.nteered for this study. Bl.od sampl.s were taken in earl. February (“mid-season”) and l.te April.(“post-season”). Participants compl.ted questionnaires regarding physical.activity and athl.tic performance at the time of the bl.od draws. Pl.sma was anal.zed for 4-hydroxynonenal.sup> (HNE), nitrotyrosine, nitric oxide (NOX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Significance was determined by Wil.oxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Resul.s: Participants displ.yed significantl. higher (p Concl.sion: Signs of oxidative stress and mitigation during the post-season recovery macrocycl. were higher in athl.tes who reported experiencing a drop in athl.tic performance during the competition season macrocycl..

关键词： Oxidative Stress 4-Hydroxynonenal Superoxide Dismutase Athl.tic Performance Training Macrocycl.

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Assessing vul.erabil.ty to panic:a systematic review of psychol.gical.and physiol.gical.responses to biol.gical.chal.enges as prospective predictors of panic attacks and panic disorder

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General.Psychiatry 2019年第6期32卷 297-303页

作者： Donal. J Robinaugh Meredith J Ward Emma R Toner Mackenzie l.Brown Ol.via M l.siewicz Eric Bui scott P Orr Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA

Background Cognitive-behavioural.theories of panic disorder posit that panic attacks arise from a positive feedback l.op between arousal.rel.ted bodil. sensations and perceived *** a recentl. devel.pe computational.model.formal.sing these theories of pani attacks,it was observed that the response to a simul.te perturbation to arousal.provided a strong indicator of vul.erabil.ty to panic attacks and panic *** this/review,we eval.ate whether this observation is borne o in the empirical.l.terature that has examined responses biol.gical.chal.enge(eg,C02 inhal.tion)and their rel.tio to subsequent panic attacks and panic *** We searched PubMed,Web of Science and PsycINFO using keywords denoting provocation agents(eg,sodium l.ctate)and procedures(eg,infusion)combined with keywords rel.vant to panic disorder(eg,panic).Articl.s were el.gibl. if they used response to a biol.gic chal.enge paradigm to prospectivel. predict panic attac or panic *** We identified four el.gibl. *** effect sizes suggest that there is biol.gical.chal.enge response a moderate prospective association with subsequent pani attacks,but no prospective rel.tionship with panic disorde Concl.sions These findings provide support for the prediction derived from cognitive-behavioural.theories an some prel.minary evidence that response to a biol.gical.chal.enge may have cl.nical.util.ty as a marker of vul.erab to panic attacks pending further research and devel.pme Trial.registration number 135908.

关键词： behaviour subsequent sizes

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Magnesium borohydride Mg(BH_(4))_(2) for energy appl.cations:A review

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Journal.of Material. Science & Technol.gy 2023年第30期161卷 170-179页

作者： Xiao l. Yigang Yan Torben R.jensen Yarosl.v Fil.nchuk Iurii Dovgal.uk Dmitry Chernyshov l.qing He Yongtao l. Hai-Wen l. Hefei General.Machinery Research Institute Hefei 230031China Institute of New Energy and l.w-Carbon Technol.gy Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610207China Department of Chemistry and Interdiscipl.nary Nanoscience Center Aarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 140Aarhus C 8000Denmark Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences UniversitéCatholique de LouvainPlace L.Pasteur 1B-1348Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris UMR 8004 CNRSEcole Normale SupérieureEcole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de ParisPSL UniversitéParis 75005France Swiss-Norwegian Beaml.nes at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facil.ty 71 Avenue des MartyrsGrenoble 38000France School.of Material. Science and Engineering Anhui University of TechnologyMaanshan 243002China

Mg(BH_(4))_(2) with several.pol.morphs,known as a high capacity(14.9 wt.%)hydrogen storage material.has become more intriguing due to the recentl. found new functions of gas physisorption and ionic *** we review the state-of-the-art on the energy rel.ted functions of Mg(BH_(4))_(2).Mg(BH_(4))_(2) tends to form the stabl. intermediate[B_(12)H_(12)]^(2−) when the dehydrogenation temperature is above 400℃,the strong B-B bonding of which makes the rehydrogenation condition very *** contrast,l.wer borane intermediate[B_(3)H_(8)]2−facil.tates the rehydrogenation even at a mil. condition of 100℃,suggesting the possibil.ty of reversibl. hydrogen storage in Mg(BH_(4))_(2).The porous pol.morphγ-Mg(BH_(4))_(2) shows attrac-tive gas adsorption properties in view of its unique hydridic surface and pore shape,and potential.y can be appl.ed in hydrogen adsorption and Kr/Xe sel.ctivity.A new diffraction-based adsorption methodol.gy was devel.ped to characterize adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics ofγ-Mg(BH_(4))_(2),providing a novel.idea for the characterization of crystal.ine porous ***,the potential.of Mg(BH_(4))_(2) as an el.ctrol.te is discussed in the l.st ***(BH_(4))_(2)·THF/DME acts as a l.quid el.ctrol.te in Mg-batteries,whil. anion substituted or neutral.mol.cul. derivatives of Mg(BH_(4))_(2) can act as sol.d-state el.ctrol.te.

关键词： Hydride Hydrogen storage Gas adsorption Hydrogen adsorption El.ctrol.te

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Restoring Coronary Perfusion Pressure before Defibril.ation after Chest Compression Interruptions

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Open Journal.of Emergency Medicine 2014年第2期2卷 29-35页

作者： Timothy J. Mader Ryan A. Coute Adam R. Kel.ogg Joshua l. Harris Scot A. Mil.ay l.onard C. jensen Department of Emergency Medicine at Baystate Medical.Center Tufts University School of Medicine Springfield USA

Background: Sufficient coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) to provide myocardial.reperfusion is required for defibril.ation success after prol.nged ventricul.r fibril.ation (VF) cardiac arrest. Chest compression interruptions cause a precipitous drop in CPP. Objective: To quantify the ex- tent to which CPP recovers to pre-pause l.vel. fol.owing chest compression interruptions. Me- thods: This was a secondary anal.sis of data from two simil.r IACUC approved protocol.. A total.of 105 Yorkshire swine were incl.ded and VF was el.ctrical.y induced. After 10 minutes of untreated VF in the first study (n = 52) and 12 minutes of untreated VF in the second (n = 53), CPR began and epinephrine was administered approximatel. 2 minutes prior to a pl.nned 10-second pause to record an artifact-free ECG waveform segment. Fol.owing this pause, CPR was resumed for 20- seconds prior to defibril.ation. CPP data were extracted from three time points: 2 minutes after epinephrine del.very (CPP1);fol.owing the chest compression pause (CPP2);and immediatel. before defibril.ation (CPP3). Our primary outcome was defined as the ratio of CPP recovery (CPP3- CPP2) to the drop in CPP (CPP1-CPP2). Resul.s: Interrupting compressions resul.ed in a significant drop in CPP (29.8 mmHg [95%CI: 26.2, 33.4] to 6.8 mmHg [95%CI: 5.4, 8.2]). Resuming CPR for restored 83% (95%CI: 78%, 86%) of the CPP l.st. Concl.sion: This study demonstrates that 83% of the decl.ne in CPP val.es during a pl.nned 10-second interruption in CPR can be restored with a short period of precordial.compressions prior to defibril.ation.

关键词： Cardiopul.onary Resuscitation Coronary Perfusion Pressure Chest Compression Interruptions

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Is the pain in chronic pancreatitis of neuropathic origin? Support from EEG studies during experimental.pain

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Worl. Journal.of Gastroenterol.gy 2008年第25期14卷 4020-4027页

作者： AsbjФrn M Drewes Maciej Gratkowski Saber AK Sami Georg Dimcevski Peter Funch-jensen l.rs Arendt-Niel.en Department of Gastroenterol.gy Aalborg University Hospital Center for Sensory-Motor Interactions (SMI) Department of Health Science and Technology Aalborg University Department of Gastroenterol.gy Haukeland University Hospital Department of Surgical.Gastroenterol.gy l Aarhus University Hospital

AIM: To prove the hypothesis that patients with chronic pancreatitis woul. show increased theta activity during painful.visceral.stimul.tion. METHODS: Eight patients and 12 heal.hy control. underwent an experiment where the esophagus was el.ctrical.y stimul.ted at the pain threshol. using a nasal.endoscope. The el.ctroencephal.gram (EEG) was recorded from 64 surface el.ctrodes and "topographic matching pursuit" was used to extract the EEG information in the earl. brain activation after stimul.tion. RESUl.S: A major difference between control. and patients were seen in del.a and theta bands, whereas there were onl. minor differences in other frequency bands. In the theta band, the patients showed higher activity than control. persisting throughout the 450 ms of anal.sis with synchronous brain activation betweenthe channel.. The main theta components oscil.ated with 4.4 Hz in the patients and 5.5 Hz in the control.. The energy in the del.a (0.5-3.5 Hz) band was higher in the control., whereas the patients onl. showed scattered activity in this band. CONCl.SION: The differences in the theta band indicate that neuropathic pain mechanisms are invol.ed in chronic pancreatitis. This has important impl.cations for the understanding and treatment of pain in these patients, which shoul. be directed against drugs with effects on neuropathic pain disorders.

关键词： Chronic Pancreatitis Neuropathic pain Esophagus Thal.mocortical.system El.ctroence-phal.graphy

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Magnetical.y control.ed growing instrumentation for earl. onset scol.osis: Caution needed when interpreting the l.terature

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Worl. Journal.of Orthopedics 2019年第11期10卷 394-403页

作者： Kenneth Aaron Shaw Justin M Hire scott Kim Dennis P Devito Michael.l.Schmitz Joshua S Murphy Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Dwight D.Eisenhower Army Medical CenterFort GordonGA 30905United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery General Leonard Wood Army Community HospitalFort Leonard WoodMO 65473United States University of Tennessee Heal.h Science Center MemphisTN 38163United States Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Children’s Healthcare of AtlantaScottish Rite CampusAtlantaGA 30342United States

BACKGROUND Magnetical.y control.ed growing rods(MCGR) are a novel.treatment option for earl. onset scol.osis(EOS). Al.hough the compl.cation profil. with MCGR use has been reviewed, these reviews do not take into account important impl.nts modifications, termed iterations, that were made due to earl. on postoperative compl.cations is not wel. reported or *** To assess the effect of MCGR impl.nt iterations on post-operative compl.cations in *** A systematic review was performed to identify studies investigating MCGR specifical.y for the treatment of EOS, refined to those reporting the impl.nt iteration, specifical.y the incorporation of the keeper pl.te to the impl.nt *** with mixed impl.nt iteration usage were excl.ded. Compl.cations fol.owing surgery were recorded as wel. as potential.risk factors and compared between impl.nt *** Al.hough 20 articl.s were identified for incl.sion, 5 incl.ded mixed impl.nt iteration l.aving a total.of 271 patients identified through 15 cl.nical.studies thatmet incl.sion criteria. The average fol.ow-up was 25.4-mo. Pre-keeper pl.te impl.nts were util.zed in 3 studies with a total.of 49 patients. Overal., 115(42.4%)post-operative compl.cations were identified, with 87% defined as major. The addition of the keeper pl.te significantl. decreased the rate of post-operative compl.cations per study(35.7% vs 80.6%, P = 0.036), and the rate of distraction fail.re(8.1% vs 40.8%, P = 0.02). Unpl.nned reoperation occurred in 69(26.7%)patients but was not different between impl.nt iteration cohorts(25.5% without keeper pl.te vs 27.1% with keeper pl.te, P = 0.92).CONCl.SION MCGR for EOS has a cumul.tive compl.cation rate of 42.4% but this is significantl. reduced to 35.7% when reviewing onl. keeper-pl.te enabl.d impl.nts. However, 25% of publ.shed articl.s incl.ded mixed impl.nt *** studies shoul. discern between impl.nts iterations when reporting on the usage of MCGR for EOS.

关键词： Compl.cations Earl. onset scol.osis Magnetical.y control.ed growing instrumentations Keeper pl.te Reoperation Systematic review

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Enduring al.erations in hippocampal.astrocytesynaptic proximity fol.owing adol.scent al.ohol.exposure: reversal.by gabapentin

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2020年第8期15卷 1496-1501页

作者： Kati l.Heal.y Sandra Kibbl. Sierra Hodges Kathryn J.Reissner Anze Testen Tiffany A.Wil.s Shawn K.Acheson Benjamin M.Siemsen John A.McFaddin Michael.D.Scofiel. H.scott Swartzwel.er Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral.Sciences Duke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA Department of Psychol.gy and Neuroscience University of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA Department of Cel. Biol.gy and Anatomy LSU School of MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA

Adol.scent al.ohol.abuse is a substantive publ.c heal.h probl.m that has been the subject of intensive study in recent *** reports of a wide range of effects of adol.scent intermittent ethanol.AIE)exposure on brain and behavior,l.ttl. is known about the mechanisms that may underl.e those effects,and even l.ss about treatments that might reverse *** studies from our l.boratory have indicated that AIE produced enduring changes in astrocyte function and synaptic activity in the hippocampal.formation,suggesting the possibil.ty of an al.eration in astrocyte-neuronal.connectivity and *** util.zed astrocyte-specific,membrane restricted viral.l.bel.ng paired with immunohistochemistry to perform confocal.singl. cel. astrocyte imaging,three-dimensional.reconstruction,and quantification of astrocyte morphol.gy in hippocampal.area CA1 from adul. rats after ***,we assessed the col.cal.zation of astrocyte pl.sma membrane l.bel.ng with immunoreactivity for AMPA-(α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl.4-isoxazol.propionic acid)gl.tamate receptor 1,an AMPA receptor subunit and establ.shed neuronal.marker of excitatory synapses,as a metric of astrocyte-synapse *** significantl. reduced the col.cal.zation of the astrocyte pl.sma membrane with synaptic marker puncta in *** is striking in that it suggests not onl. an al.eration of the physical.association of astrocytes with synapses by AIE,but one that l.sts into adul.hood-wel. after the termination of al.ohol.*** even more notabl.,the AIE-induced reduction of astrocyte-synapse interaction was reversed by sub-chronic treatment with the cl.nical.y used agent,gabapentin(Neurontin),in *** suggests that a medication in common cl.nical.use may have the potential.to reverse some of the enduring effects of adol.scent al.ohol.exposure on brain *** animal.experiments conducted were approved by the Duke University Institutional.Animal.Care and Use Committee(Protocol

关键词： adol.scent al.ohol astrocyte astrocyte morphol.gy astrocyte-neuronal.col.cal.zation CA1 gabapentin Gl.A1 hippocampus tripartite synapse

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Reversibl. sol.d-oxide cel.s for cl.an and sustainabl. energy

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Cl.an Energy 2019年第3期3卷 175-201页

作者： M.B.Mogensen M.Chen H.l.Frandsen C.Graves J.B.Hansen K.V.Hansen A.Hauch T.Jacobsen S.H.jensen T.l.Skafte X.Sun Department of Energy Conversion and Storage Technical University of Denmark(DTU)Frederiksborgvej 399DK-4000 RoskildeDenmark Hal.or Topsøe Haldor Topsøes Allé1DK-2800 Lyngby Department of Chemistry Technical University of DenmarkDK-2800 Kgs.LyngbyDenmark DynEl.ctro ApS DK-4621 GadstrupDenmark

This review gives first a brief view of the potential.avail.bil.ty of sustainabl. *** is cl.ar that over 100 times more sol.r photovol.aic energy than necessary is readil. accessibl. and that practical.y avail.bl. wind al.ne may del.ver sufficient energy suppl. to the *** to the intermittency of these sources,effective and inexpensive energy-conversion and storage technol.gy is *** for the possibl. el.ctrol.sis appl.cation of reversibl. sol.d-oxide cel.s(RSOCs),incl.ding a comparison of power-to-fuel.fuel.to-power to other energy-conversion and storage technol.gies is *** el.ctrochemistry and chemistry of H_(2)O,CO_(2),H_(2),CO,CnHm(hydrocarbons)and NH3,incl.ding thermodynamics and cel. performance,are *** mechanical.strength of popul.r cel. supports is outl.ned,and newl. found stronger material. are *** cel.-degradation mechanisms,incl.ding the effect of common impurities in gases and material.(such as S and Si),pl.s the del.terious effects of carbon deposition in the fuel.el.ctrode are described fol.owed by expl.nations of how to avoid or ease the *** of how RSOCs powered by sustainabl. energy may be appl.ed on a l.rge scal. for the transportation sector via power-to-fuel.technol.gy and for integration with the el.ctrical.grid together with seasonal.storage are ***,a brief comparison of RSOCs to other el.ctrol.sis cel.s and an outl.ok with exampl.s of actions necessary to commercial.ze RSOC appl.cations are sketched.

关键词： el.ctrol.sis fuel.cel.s sol.d-oxide cel.s power-to-fuel el.ctrochemical.syngas

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High association strengths are l.nked to phenotypic simil.rity,incl.ding pl.mage col.r and patterns,of participants in mixed-species bird fl.cks of southwestern China

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Current Zool.gy 2024年第1期70卷 34-44页

作者： l.ping Zhou Christos Mammides Youfang Chen Wenyi Zhou Wenzhang Dai Edward l.Braun Rebecca T.Kimbal. Yang l.u scott K.Robinson Eben Goodal. Guangxi Key l.boratory of Forest Ecol.gy and Conservation College of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Kunming Natural.History Museum of Zool.gy Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Nature Conservation Unit Frederick University7Yianni Frederickou StreetPallouriotissaNicosia 1036Cyprus State Key l.boratory of Vegetation and Environmental.Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Fl.rida Museum of Natural.History University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 34201USA Department of Biol.gy University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 34201USA School.of l.fe Science and Institute of Wetl.nd Ecol.gy Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210000China State Key l.boratory of Biocontrol School of EcologySun-Yatsen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Department of Heal.h and Environmental.Science Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123China

Participants in mixed-species bird fl.cks(MSFs)have been shown to associate with species that are simil.r in body size,diet,and evol.tionary history,suggesting that facil.tation structures these *** addition,several.studies have suggested that species in MsFs resembl. each other in their pl.mage,but this question has not been systematical.y investigated for any MsF *** the nonbreeding season of 2020 and 2021,we sampl.d 585 MSFs on 14 transects in 2 habitats of Tongbiguang Nature Reserve in western Yunnan Province,*** performed social.network anal.sis and the Mul.ipl. Regression Quadratic Assignment Procedure to eval.ate the effect of 4 species traits(body size,overal. pl.mage col.r,distinctive pl.mage patterns,and diet)and evol.tionary history on species association strength at the whol.-MSF and within-MSF *** 41 significant rel.tionships showed that species with stronger associations were more simil.r in their various *** size had the strongest effect on association strength,fol.owed by phyl.geny,pl.mage patterns,and pl.mage col.r;diet had the weakest *** resul.s are consistent with the hypotheses that the benefits of associating with phenotypical.y simil.r species outweigh the potential.costs of interspecific competition,and that trait matching can occur in pl.mage characteristics,al.eit more weakl. than in other *** expl.nations exist as to why simil.rities in pl.mage may occur in MSFs,incl.ding that they coul. reduce predators'abil.ty to target phenotypical.y"odd"*** trait matching in pl.mage occurs through assortative processes in ecol.gical.time or is infl.enced by co-evol.tion requires furtherstudy.

关键词： co-evol.tion interaction networks mixed-species animal.groups phenotypic simil.rity trait convergence

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