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Fruit fly courtship： The female perspective

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Current Zoology 2015年第6期61卷 1008-1014页

作者： Reuven DUKAS Andrew scott Animal Behaviour Group Department of Psychology Neuroscience and Behaviour McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4K1 Canada

Research on fruit fly courtship has mostly focused on males＇ behavioral repertoire whereas females have been as- sumed to respond by either rejecting or accepting males. In many fruit fly species including Drosophila melanogaster, however, mating typically follows an extended period of courtship, which provides ample opportunities for females to inform males about their likelihood of mating. Our experiments indeed revealed that sexually immature females in both D. melanogasterand D. si- mulans showed responses to conspecific males that were distinct from those of sexually mature females. Furthermore, females＇ responses to conspecifie males were different from their responses to heterospecific males. Our data indicate that females＇ beha- vioral repertoire early in courtship can inform males about their probability of mating if they persist in courting. We hypothesize （i） that males can rely on behavioral feedback from females for optimally allocating their courtship efforts towards distinct female classes, （ii） that males may learn to modulate their courtship behavior based on specific feedback from females, and （iii） that fe- males may learn to alter their behavior towards distinct types of males in order to elicit the desired male response. Overall, we suggest that, although little explored, female behavior determines the dynamics of courtship and mating and can thus influence sexual selection and incipient speciation .

关键词： Courtship Female behavior Fruit flies Learning Mate choice Speciation

Participatory Disaster Recovery Simulation Modeling for Community Resilience Planning

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第4期9卷 519-529页

作者： scott B.Miles Department of Human Centered Design and Engineering University of Washington

A major challenge in enhancing the resilience of communities stems from current approaches used to identify needs and strategies that build the capacity of jurisdictions to mitigate loss and improve recovery. A new generation of resilience-based planning processes has emerged in the last several years that integrate goals of community well-being and identity into recovery-based performance measurement frameworks. Specific tools and refined guidance are needed to facilitate evidence-based development of recovery estimates. This article presents the participatory modeling process, a planning system designed to develop recovery-based resilience measurement frameworks for community resilience planning initiatives. Stakeholder engagement is infused throughout the participatory modeling process by integrating disaster recovery simulation modeling into community resilience planning. Within the process, participants get a unique opportunity to work together to deliberate on community concerns through facilitated participatory modeling. The participatory modeling platform combines the DESaster recovery simulation model and visual analytics *** is an open source Python Library for creating discrete event simulations of disaster recovery. The simulation model was developed using a human-centered design approach whose goal is to be open, modular, and extensible. The process presented in this article is the first participatory modeling approach for analyzing recovery to aid creation of community resilience measurement frameworks.

关键词： Community resilience planning Disasters Disaster recovery Participatory modeling Recovery-based performance targets Simulation modeling

Exploitation of the nicotinic anti-inflammatory pathway for the treatment of epithelial inflammatory diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第46期12卷 7451-7459页

作者： David A scott Michael Martin Oral Health and Systemic Disease Research Group and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Louisville Kentucky United States Oral Health and Systemic Disease Research Group and Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Louisville Kentucky United States

Discoveries in the first few years of the 21st century have led to an understanding of important interactions between the nervous system and the inflammatory response at the molecular level, most notably the acetylcholine （ACh）- triggered,α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor （α7nAChR）- dependent nicotinic antinflammatory pathway. Studies using the α7nAChR agonist, nicotine, for the treatment of mucosal inflammation have been undertaken but the efficacy of nicotine as a treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases remains debatable. Further understanding of the nicotinic anti-inflammatory pathway and other endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanisms is required in order to develop refined and specific therapeutic strategies for the treatment of a number of inflammatory diseases and conditions, including periodontitis, psoriasis, sarcoidosis, and ulcerative colitis.

关键词： α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor Inflammation Mucosa Nicotine Nicotinic anti-inflammatory pathway Tobacco smoking

Sustainable development and geospatial information:a strategic framework for integrating a global policy agenda into national geospatial capabilities

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2017年第2期20卷 59-76页

作者： Greg scott Abbas Rajabifard United Nations Statistics Division Department of Economic and Social AffairsUnited NationsNew YorkNYUSA Department of Infrastructure Engineering The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a new global policy to guide the way countries collectively manage and transform the social,economic,and environmental dimensions of people and the planet over the next 15 *** sustainable development presents all countries and the global policy community with a set of significant development challenges that are almost entirely geographic in *** of the issues impacting sustainable development can be analyzed,modeled,and mapped within a geographic context,which in turn can provide the integrative framework necessary for global collaboration,consensus and evidence-based ***,and despite significant advances in geospatial information technologies,there is a lack of awareness,understanding and uptake,particular at the policy and decision-making level,of the vital and integrative role of geospatial information and related enabling architectures such as National Spatial Data *** paper reasons that the role of geospatial information in contributing to sustainable development has not adequately been described by either the sustainable development policy practice or by the geospatial professional *** lack of policy and guidance,with commensurate critical gaps and connection points with national geospatial frameworks,is a visible impediment to developing countries and those most affected by the challenges and need to achieve sustainable *** global geospatial community now has a unique opportunity to integrate and connect geospatial information into the global development agenda in a more holistic and sustainable manner,specifically in contributing their data resources toward measuring and monitoring the 17 Sustainable Development Goals,and their 169 associated targets,through the global indicator framework that anchors the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable *** paper introduces and discusses a new strategic framework for linking a global pol

关键词： Sustainable development sustainable development goals(SDGs)geospatial information data integration strategic framework geography national spatial data infrastructure(NSDI)

Daily variation in the shoaling behavior of zebrafish Danio rerio

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Current Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 129-137页

作者： Paciorek, Timothy Mcrobert, scott Department of Biology Saint Joseph’s University Philadelphia PA 19131 USA

Shoaling behavior provides numerous fitness benefits for fish, including enhanced access to mates, increased success in foraging and protection from predators. We were interested in determining whether shoaling intensity differed throughout the day. To do this we kept adult zebrafish Danio rerio in different lighting conditions for 10 days：＂Normal＂（12：12LD, lights on at 0800 hrs）, ＂Reverse＂（12：12LD, lights on at 2000 hrs）, DD, or LL, and then observed the shoaling behavior at different times during the day. Our findings suggest that daily variations exist in shoaling behavior, with mean shoaling times for fish from the ＇normal＇ group being the lowest at the mid-point of the dark phase in the fish＇s subjective day （00：00 hrs）, then rising signifi- cantly throughout the day, reaching their highest intensity at 20：00 hrs （lights out）. Fish from the ＂reverse＂ LD cycle （lights on at 20：00 hrs） showed differences in the mean shoaling times at different times of day, but did not show a gradual increase in shoaling throughout their subjective day. Fish from the DD and LL groups did not show significant differences in the mean shoaling values at different times of day, suggesting that the differences observed in LD fish may not represent circadian rhythms. Therefore, these results demonstrate the existence of daily variations in the shoaling behavior of fish and suggest that environmental cues in the form of light/dark cycles play an important role in regulating these variations [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 129-137, 2012].

关键词： Shoaling behavior Zebrafish Danio rerio

Engineering cerebral folding in brain organoids

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第11期17卷 2420-2422页

作者： Glen scott Yu Huang Biological Engineering College of EngineeringUtah State UniversityLoganUTUSA

Valuable implement to the animal neurological models:Neurological diseases remain the largest cause of death and *** discovery of effective therapies is chiefly hindered by the lack of realistic neurological *** other tissues,it is infeasible or unethical to access primary human neural samples in *** animal models often fail to replicate the complex human-specific neuronal factors present in *** in vitro cultures lack native three-dimensional(3D)morphologies,polarity,and receptor expression,as well as tissue-level interactions(J ensen et al.,2018).

关键词： cerebral diseases

Effects of structural characterizations on fragility functions of bridges subject to seismic shaking and lateral spreading

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2008年第4期7卷 369-382页

作者： scott J.Brandenberg Pirooz Kashighandi Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California

This paper evaluates the seismic vulnerability of different classes of typical bridges in California when subjected to seismic shaking or liquefaction-induced lateral spreading. The detailed structural configurations in terms of superstructure type, connection, continuity at support and foundation type, etc. render different damage resistant capability. Six classes of bridges are established based on their anticipated failure mechanisms under earthquake shaking. The numerical models that are capable of simulating the complex soil-structure interaction effects, nonlinear behavior of columns and connections are developed for each bridge class. The dynamic responses are obtained using nonlinear time history analyses for a suite of 250 earthquake motions with increasing intensity. An equivalent static analysis procedure is also implemented to evaluate the vulnerability of the bridges when subjected to liquefaction-induced lateral spreading. Fragility functions for each bridge class are derived and compared for both seismic shaking （based on nonlinear dynamic analyses） and lateral spreading （based on equivalent static analyses） for different performance states. The study finds that the fragility functions due to either ground shaking or lateral spreading show significant correlation with the structural characterizations, but differences emerge for ground shaking and lateral spreading conditions. Structural properties that will mostly affect the bridges＇ damage resistant capacity are also identified.

关键词： fragility functions bridge seismic response liquefaction lateral spreading structural characterization

Extract Rules by Using Rough Set and Knowledge-Based NN

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 1998年第3期13卷 279-284页

作者：王士同 E.scott 等 DepartmentofComputer EastChinaShipbuildingInstituteZhenjiang212003PR.China DepartmentofComputer Ro

In this paper, rough set theory is used to extract roughly-correct inference rules from information systems. Based on this idea, the learning algorithm ERCR is presented. In order to refine the learned roughly-correct inference rules, the knowledge-based neural network is used. The method presented here sufficiently combines the advanages of rough set theory and neural network.

关键词： Rough set theory ,knowledge-based NN (neural network) knowledge discovery machine learning

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濒危动物大调查

环球科学 2024年第16期 22-27页

作者：斯科特·达特菲尔德不详

目前,全球有超过44000个物种面临灭绝的可能。由各国政府和民间社会组织组成的国际自然保护联盟(IUCN)一直密切关注着这些物种。自1964年以来,国际自然保护联盟一直在编制《危物种红色名录》,这是一份关于自然状态和动植物灭绝可能性的... 详细信息

目前,全球有超过44000个物种面临灭绝的可能。由各国政府和民间社会组织组成的国际自然保护联盟(IUCN)一直密切关注着这些物种。自1964年以来,国际自然保护联盟一直在编制《危物种红色名录》,这是一份关于自然状态和动植物灭绝可能性的综合指南。从“无危”到“灭绝”,国际自然保护联盟评估的每个物种都会被列入一个等级,以表明其保护状况。

关键词：红色名录濒危动物民间社会组织灭绝动植物物种联盟