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Evading the host response:Staphylococcus“hiding”in cortical bone canalicular system causes increased bacterial burden

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Bone Research 2020年第4期8卷 447-457页

作者： Stephen d.Zoller Vishal Hegde Zachary d.C.Burke Howard Y.Park Chad R.Ishmael Gideon W.Blumstein William Sheppard Christopher Hamad Amanda H.Loftin daniel O.Johansen Ryan A.Smith Marina M.Sprague Kellyn R.Hori Samuel J.Clarkson Rachel Borthwell scott I.Simon Jeff F.Miller scott d.nelson Nicholas M.Bernthal department of Orthopedic Surgery University of CaliforniaLos Angeles125016th St Suite 2100Santa MonicaCA 90404USA david Geffen School of Medicine University of CaliforniaLos Angeles10833 Le Conte AveLos AngelesCA 90095USA department of Internal Medicine University of CaliforniaLos Angeles757 Westwood PlazaSuite 7501Los AngelesCA 90095USA department of Biomedical Engineering University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA 95616USA California NanoSystems Institute University of CaliforniaLos Angeles570 Westwood PlazaLos AngelesCA 90095USA department of Microbiology Immunologyand Molecular GeneticsDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos Angeles 90095USA department of Pathology University of CaliforniaLos Angeles125016th St Suite 3450Santa MonicaCA 90404USA

Extremity reconstruction surgery is increasingly performed rather than amputation for patients with large-segment pathologic bone *** persists as to the optimal void filler for this“limb salvage”surgery,whether metal or allograft *** focus on optimizing important functional gains for patients,and the risk of devastating implant infection has been thought to be similar regardless of implant *** insights into infection pathophysiology are challenging this equipoise,however,with both basic science data suggesting a novel mechanism of infection of Staphylococcus aureus(the most common infecting agent)into the host lacunar–canaliculi network,and also clinical data revealing a higher rate of infection of allograft over *** current translational study was therefore developed to bridge the gap between these insights in a longitudinal murine model of infection of allograft bone and ***-time Staphylococci infection characteristics were quantified in cortical bone vs metal,and both microarchitecture of host implant and presence of host immune response were *** orders-of-magnitude higher bacterial burden was established in cortical allograft bone over both metal and cancellous *** establishment of immune-evading microabscesses was confirmed in both cortical allograft haversian canal and the submicron canaliculi network in an additional model of mouse femur bone *** study results reveal a mechanism by which Staphylococci evasion of host immunity is possible,contributing to elevated risks of infection in cortical *** presence of this local infection reservoir imparts massive clinical implications that may alter the current paradigm of osteomyelitis and bulk allograft infection treatment.

关键词： immunity insight reservoir

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Patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models for cancer of unknown primary precisely distinguish chemotherapy,and tumor-targeting *** A1-R is superior to first-line chemotherapy

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2018年第1期3卷 220-225页

作者： Kentaro Miyake Tasuku Kiyuna Masuyo Miyake Kei Kawaguchi Sang Nam Yoon Zhiying Zhang Kentaro Igarashi Sahar Razmjooei Sintawat Wangsiricharoen Takashi Murakami Yunfeng Li scott d.nelson Tara A.Russell Arun S.Singh Yukihiko Hiroshima Masashi Momiyama Ryusei Matsuyama Takashi Chishima Shree Ram Singh Itaru Endo Fritz C.Eilber Robert M.Hoffman AntiCancer Inc.San DiegoCAUSA department of Surgery University of CaliforniaSan DiegoCAUSA department of Gastroenterological Surgery Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan department of Pathology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA division of Surgical Oncology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA division of Hematology-Oncology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Basic Research Laboratory National Cancer InstituteFrederickMDUSA

Cancer of unknown primary(CUP)is a recalcitrant disease with poor prognosis because it lacks standard first-line *** consists of diverse malignancy groups,making personalized precision therapy *** present study aimed to identify an effective therapy for a CUP patient using a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft(PdOX)*** paper reports the usefulness of the PdOX model to precisely identify effective and ineffective chemotherapy and to compare the efficacy of *** A1-R with first-line chemotherapy using the CUP PdOX *** present study is the first to use a CUP PdOX model,which was able to precisely distinguish the chemotherapeutic *** found that a carboplatinum(CAR)-based regimen was effective for this CUP *** also demonstrated that *** A1-R was more effective against the CUP tumor than first-line *** results indicate that *** A1-R has clinical potential for CUP,a resistant disease that requires effective therapy.

关键词： chemotherapy precisely therapy

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Glomus tumor of uncertain malignant potential of the brachial plexus: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第18期7卷 2815-2822页

作者： Pichaya Thanindratarn Thanapon Chobpenthai Termphong Phorkhar scott d.nelson department of Orthopedic Surgery Chulabhorn hospitalHRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical ScienceChulabhorn Royal AcademyLak SiBangkok 10210Thailand department of Orthopedic Surgery Sarcoma Biology LaboratoryDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90024United States department of Pathology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90404United States

BACKGROUNd Glomus tumor is an uncommon benign tumor usually presenting with a small mass occurring in the dermis or soft tissue of an extremity, especially subungual region. However, intraneural glomus tumor is sporadic. While most of the glomus tumors are benign, atypical glomus tumors with unusual features can be occasionally found, leading to distinctive malignant potential required different therapeutic approaches. Glomus tumor of uncertain malignant potential is one type of atypical glomus tumor with limited criteria for malignancy and without metastasis. CASE SUMMARY Herein, we report a case of a 48-year-old Thai male with a large painful mass in his axilla for one year without apparent neurological deficit. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large heterogeneous mass encasing entire posterior cord of left brachial plexus and axillary artery. The tumor tissue from core needle biopsy histologically demonstrated the sheets and cords of relatively uniform tumor cells with foamy cytoplasm and round to oval hyperchromatic nuclei without atypia. The mitotic count was 0 per 50 high power field. A final diagnosis of glomus tumor of uncertain malignant potential was rendered. Complete surgical resection was performed, followed by adjuvant radiation due to positive margin. Neither local recurrence nor distant metastasis was observed at 2-year follow up. Unfortunately, postoperative incomplete brachial plexopathy without signs of reinnervation by electromyography was persisted. Later nerve grafting reconstruction was performed, followed by ongoing neurological rehabilitation. CONCLUSION Glomus tumor of uncertain malignant potential is exceedingly rare, especially around brachial plexus. Although the prognosis is good, careful histological diagnosis and treatment are needed to achieve an optimal outcome with lower morbidity.

关键词： Glomus tumor Glomus tumor of uncertain malignant potential Brachial plexus Case report

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Annual-perennial plant relationships and species selection for desert restoration

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Journal of Arid Land 2013年第3期5卷 298-309页

作者： scott R ABELLA Stanley d SMITH department of Environmental and Occupational Health University of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNevada 89154-3064USA School of Life Sciences University of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNevada 89154-4004USA

Exotic plant invasion is a growing concern in the conservation and management of indigenous arid land ecosystems. By creating areas of ameliorated microclimates and fertile soil below their canopies, perennial plants might influence exotic annual plant invasions. We conducted a quantitative literature review of studies that compared exotic annual plant abundance among native perennial plant species and interspace （open areas） microsites in North America＇s Mojave desert, where exotic plant invasion has corresponded with increasing extent of wildfire and broad-scale ecosystem transformation. Ten studies compared exotic annual plant abundance between inter- spaces and below a total of 36 native perennial species. These studies revealed that：（1） With few exceptions, most native perennial species supported a greater abundance of exotic annuals than interspaces, indicating overall facilitation of exotic species by native perennials. （2） Exotic species abundance varied by orders of magnitude among native perennial species, with some perennial species harboring amounts of exotics similar to interspaces. （3） distributions of dominant exotic species varied, where Bromus rubens displayed a greater affinity for below-perennial microsites than did Schismus spp. and Erodium cicutarium that often were most abundant in interspaces. Results suggest that the degree of facilitation of exotic plants warrants consideration when selecting native perennial species for revegetation and restoration projects.

关键词： Bromus rubens exotic fertile island invasive nurse plant positive plant interaction Schismus

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Mercury bioaccumulation in aquatic biota along a salinity gradient in the Saint John River estuary

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第6期30卷 41-54页

作者： Bethany L.Reinhart Karen A.Kidd R.Allen Curry nelson J.O’driscoll scott A.Pavey department of Biology and Canadian Rivers Institute University of New Brunswick Saint John Saint John New Brunswick E2L4L5 Canada department of Biology Forestry and Environmental Management and Canadian Rivers Institute University of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick E3B4A3 Canada department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Acadia University Wolfville Nova Scotia B4P2R6 Canada department of Biology and School of Geography & Earth Sciences McMaster University Hamilton Ontario LSS 4K1 Canada

Although estuaries are critical habitats for many aquatic species, the spatial trends of toxic methylmercury（MeHg） in biota from fresh to marine waters are poorly understood. Our objective was to determine if MeHg concentrations in biota changed along a salinity gradient in an estuary. Fourspine Stickleback（Apeltes quadracus）, invertebrates（snails,amphipods, and chironomids）, sediments, and water were collected from ten sites along the Saint John River estuary, New Brunswick, Canada in 2015 and 2016, with salinities ranging from 0.06 to 6.96. Total mercury（proxy for MeHg） was measured in whole fish and MeHg was measured in a subset of fish, pooled invertebrates, sediments, and water. Stable sulfur（δ34S）, carbon（δ13 C）, and nitrogen（δ15N） isotope values were measured to assess energy sources（S, C） and relative trophic level（N）. There were increases in biotic δ13C and δ34S from fresh to more saline sites and these measures were correlated with *** aqueous MeHg was higher at the freshwater than more saline sites, only chironomid MeHg increased significantly with salinity. In the Saint John River estuary, there was little evidence that MeHg and its associated risks increased along a salinity gradient.

关键词： Stickleback Amphipod Methylmercury Biomagnification Stable isotopes Food web

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Modelling sulphate-enhanced cadmium uptake by Zea mays from nutrient solution under conditions of constant free Cd^(2+) ion activity

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第7期22卷 1080-1085页

作者： Ulrico J.López-Chuken scott d.Young division of Environmental Sciences School of ChemistryUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León division of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences School of Biosciencesthe University of Nottingham

A controlled hydroponic experiment was undertaken to investigate Cd uptake in relation to the activity of Cd species in solution other than the free ion （Cd^2＋） by maintaining a constant Cd^2＋ activity under variable SO4^2- and Cl^- concentrations exposed to maize （Zea mays vat. Cameron） plants. The objectives of these experiments were：（1） to distinguish and quantify the different uptake rates of free and inorganic-complexed Cd from nutrient solution, and （2） to model the uptake of Cd by maize with a Biotic Ligand Model （BLM） in a system which facilitates the close examination of root characteristics. Results of the current experiments suggest that, in addition to the free ion, CdSO4^0 complexes are important factors in determining Cd uptake in nutrient solution by maize plants. Higher nominal SO4^2- concentrations in solution generally resulted in a greater Cd accumulation by maize plants than predicted by the Cd^2＋ activity. A better integration of the complete dataset for the 3 harvest times （6, 9 and 11 days after treatment） was achieved by including consideration of both the duration of Cd exposure and especially the root surface area to express Cd uptake. Similarly, the fit of the BLM was also improved when taking into account exposure time and expressing uptake in terms of root morphological parameters.

关键词： free ion activity model biotic ligand model root surface area Cd complexation metal exposure time hydroponics plant uptake

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double-sided subduction with contrasting polarities beneath the Pamir-Hindu Kush:Evidence from focal mechanism solutions and stress field inversion

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第4期13卷 98-113页

作者： Yu Yang Zuoxun Zeng scott d.King Xiao Shuang School of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)Wuhan 430074China Huazhong Tectonomechanical Research Center China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)Wuhan 430074China department of Geosciences Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA Fuyang Branch of Hangzhou Bureau of Planning and Natural Resources Hangzhou 311499China

The Pamir-Hindu Kush region at the western end of the Himalayan-Tibet orogen is one of the most active regions on the globe with strong seismicity and deformation and provides a window to evaluate continental collision linked to two intra-continental subduction zones with different *** seismicity and seismic tomography data show a steep northward subducting slab beneath the Hindu Kush and southward subducting slab under the ***,we collect seismic catalogue with 3988 earthquake events to compute seismicity images and waveform data from 926 earthquake events to invert focal mechanism solutions and stress field with a view to characterize the subducting slabs under the Pamir-Hindu Kush *** results define two distinct seismic zones:a steep one beneath the Hindu Kush and a broad one beneath the *** and intermediate-depth earthquakes are mainly distributed in the Hindu Kush region which is controlled by thrust faulting,whereas the Pamir is dominated by strike-slip stress regime with shallow and intermediate-depth *** area where the maximum principal stress axis is vertical in the southern Pamir corresponds to the location of a highconductivity low-velocity region that contributes to the seismogenic processes in this *** interpret the two distinct seismic zones to represent a double-sided subduction system where the Hindu Kush zone represents the northward subduction of the Indian plate,and the Pamir zone shows southward subduction of the Eurasian plate.A transition fault is inferred in the region between the Hindu Kush and the Pamir which regulates the opposing directions of motion of the Indian and Eurasian plates.

关键词： Pamir-Hindu Kush Seismicity Stress field double-sided subduction Low-velocity body

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Immunocamouflage of latex surfaces by grafted methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)(mPEG):Proteomic analysis of plasma protein adsorption

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2012年第3期55卷 191-201页

作者： LE Yevgeniya LI Li WANG dunCheng scott Mark d Canadian Blood Services Vancouver V6T 1Z3 Canada Centre for Blood Research University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z3 Canada department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z3 Canada

Grafting of methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)(mPEG) to cells and biomaterials is a promising non-pharmacological immunomodulation ***,due to the labile nature of cells,surface-plasma interactions are poorly understood;hence,a latex bead model was *** of beads resulted in a density and molecular weight dependent decrease in total adsorbed protein with a net reduction from(159.9±6.4) ng cm-2 on bare latex to(18.4±0.8) and(52.3±5.3) ng cm-2 on PEGylated beads(1 mmol L-1 of 2 or 20 kd SCmPEG,respectively).SdS-PAGE and iTRAQ-MS analysis revealed differential compositions of the adsorbed protein layer on the PEGylated latex with a significant reduction in the compositional abundance of proteins involved in immune system ***,the biological efficacy of immunocamouflaged cells and materials is mediated by both biophysical obfuscation of antigens and reduced surface-macromolecule interactions.

关键词： PEGylation immunocamouflage iTRAQ mass spectrometry polystyrene latex protein adsorption proteomics meth-oxypoly(ethylene glycol) polymer

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Early Hearing detection and Intervention in the United States: Achievements and Challenges in the 21^(st) Century

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China CdC weekly 2020年第21期2卷 378-382页

作者： Xidong deng Marcus Gaffney scott d.Grosse National Center on Birth defects and developmental disabilities Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGAUnited States

INTROdUCTION Congenital hearing loss affects approximately two infants per 1,000 live births in the United States(USA),making it one of the nation’s most common developmental disabilities(1).When left undetected,permanent congenital hearing loss can negatively impact children through delays in their speech,language,social,and emotional development(2).Children who are identified as deaf or hard of hearing(d/HH)should begin receiving intervention services as early as possible to help mitigate the potential adverse effects(3).

关键词： Achievements Challenges emotional

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Are trends in SeaWiFS chlorophyll time-series unusual relative to historic variability

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第2期29卷 1-4页

作者： James A Yoder Maureen A Kennelly scott C doney Ivan d Lima Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA 02540 USA Graduate School of Oceanography University of Rhode Island Narragansett RI 02882 USA

For selected locations in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean, we compared surface ocean chlorophyll time series extracted from SeaWiFS imagery from 1997-2004 with the results of an ocean coupled circulation and biogeochemical model covering the period 1958-2004. during the 1997-2004 time period, linear trends in model and satellite time series were significantly correlated at most of the 44 sites we studied. Eleven sites were selected for further study, and we used the longer time series of the model to assess whether trends observed during the SeaWiFS period at these 11 sites were unusual in relation to those observed over the longer historical period covered by the model. The results show that the trends observed during the SeaWiFS period were not unusual and fell well within the range in magnitude of linear trends observed in other 8-year periods of model output. This result implies that the SeaWiFS satellite ocean color time series is not yet sufficiently long, on its own, to directly observe any long term changes in phytoplankton chlorophyll that may be occurring in the surface waters of the open ocean as a result of increased ocean stratification linked to global climate changed.

关键词： SeaWiFS trends climate change chlorophyll biogeochemical model ENSO

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