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A dual positional specific lipoxygenase functions in the generation of flavor com.ounds during clim.cteric ripening of apple

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Horticulture Research 2015年第1期2卷 280-292页

作者： Doreen Schiller Carolina Contreras Jörg Vogt Frank Dunem.nn Bruno G Defilippi Randolph Beaudry Wilfried schwab Biotechnology of Natural Products Technische Universität MünchenLiesel-Beckmann-Str.1D-85354 FreisingGermany Departm.nt of Horticulture Michigan State University1066 Bogue StreetEast LansingMI 48824USA Julius Kühn-Institut(JKI)–Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit CropsPillnitzer Platz 3aD-01326 DresdenGermany Julius Kühn-Institut(JKI)–Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural CropsErwin-Baur-Str.27D-06484 QuedlinburgGermany INIA La Platina PO Box 439-9SantiagoChile

Lipoxygenase(LOX)is an im.ortant contributor to the form.tion of arom.-active C6 aldehydes in apple(m.lus×dom.stica)fruit upon tissue disruption but little is known about its role in autonom.usly produced arom. volatiles from.intact *** explored the expression of 22 putative LOX genes in apple throughout ripening,but only six LOXs were expressed in a ripening-dependent *** LOX1:m.:1a,LOX1:m.:1c,LOX2:m.:2a and LOX2:m.:2b proteins showed 13/9-LOX,9-LOX,13/9-LOX and 13-LOX activity with linoleic acid,*** products of LOX1:m.:1c and LOX2:m.:2b were S-configured,LOX1:m.:1a and LOX2:m.:2a form.d 13(R)-hydroperoxides as m.jor ***-directed m.tagenesis of Gly567 to an alanine converted the dual positional specific LOX1:m.:1a to an enzym. with a high specificity for 9(S)-hydroperoxide *** high expression level of the corresponding m.LOX1a gene in stored apple fruit,the genetic association with a quantitative trait locus for fruit ester and the rem.rkable agreem.nt in regio-and stereoselectivity of the LOX1:m.:1a reaction with the overall LOX activity found in m.ture apple fruits,suggest a m.jor physiological function of LOX1:m.:1a during clim.cteric ripening of *** LOX1:m.:1c,LOX2:m.:2a and LOX2:m.:2b m.y contribute to aldehyde production in im.ature fruit upon cell disruption our results furnish additional evidence that LOX1:m.:1a probably regulates the availability of precursors for ester production in intact fruit tissue.

关键词： specific autonom.us probably

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A geraniol synthase regulates plant defense via alternative splicing in tea plants

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Horticulture Research 2023年第10期10卷 136-149页

作者： Hao Jiang m.ngting Zhang Feng Yu Xuehui Li Jieyang Jin Youjia Zhou Qiang Wang Tingting Jing Xiaochun Wan Wilfried schwab Chuankui Song State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization Anhui Agricultural University130 West Changjiang RoadHefei 230036China Biotechnology of Natural Products Technische Universität MünchenLiesel-Beckmann-Str.185354 FreisingGermany

Geraniol is an im.ortant contributor to the pleasant floral scent of tea products and one of the m.st abundant arom. com.ounds in tea plants;however,its biosynthesis and physiological function in response to stress in tea plants rem.in *** proteins encoded by the full-length terpene synthase(CsTPS1)and its alternative splicing isoform.CsTPS1-AS)could catalyze the form.tion of geraniol when GPP was used as a substrate in vitro,whereas the expression of CsTPS1-AS was only significantly induced by Colletotrichum.gloeosporioides and Neopestalotiopsis *** of CsTPS1 and CsTPS1-AS resulted in a significant decrease of geraniol content in tea *** geraniol content and disease resistance of tea plants were com.ared when CsTPS1 and CsTPS1-AS were ***-regulation of the expression of CsTPS1-AS reduced the accum.lation of geraniol,and the silenced tea plants exhibited greater susceptibility to pathogen infection than control ***,there was no significant difference observed in the geraniol content and pathogen resistance between CsTPS1-silenced plants and control plants in the tea plants infected with two *** analysis showed that silencing of CsTPS1-AS led to a decrease in the expression of the defense-related genes PR1 and PR2 and SA pathway-related genes in tea plants,which increased the susceptibility of tea plants to pathogens *** in vitro and in vivo results indicated that CsTPS1 is involved in the regulation of geraniol form.tion and plant defense via alternative splicing in tea *** results of this study provide new insights into geraniol biosynthesis and highlight the role of m.noterpene synthases in m.dulating plant disease resistance via alternative splicing.

关键词： splicing plant susceptibility

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成年人脑内中枢神经系统损伤导致的排斥性引导分子表达

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世界核心医学期刊文摘(神经病学分册) 2006年第2期 11-12页

作者： schwab J.m. m.nnier P.P. Schluesener H.J. 郭俊 Brigham.and Wom.n’s hospital Center for Experimental Therapeutics Harvard Medical School 75 Francis St Boston MA 02115 United States.Dr

Background: The repulsive guidance m.lecule (RGm. is involved in form.tion of the central nervous system.during developm.nt by m.derating the repulsion of growing axons. However, the role of RGm.in adult central nervous system.lesions rem.ins to be clarified. Objective: To identify and determ.ne RGm.expression in adult brains with focal cerebral ischem.a or traum.tic brain injury and in neuropat hologically unaffected control brains. Patients: Twenty-one brains of patients with focal cerebral ischem.a, 25 brains after traum.tic brain injury, and 4 control brains. m.in Outcom. m.asure: Expression of RGm.as assessed by im.unohistochem.cal analysis. Results: In norm.l brains, RGm.expression was detected on the perikarya of som. neurons, choroid plexus, sm.oth m.scle and endothelial cells, oligodendrocytes, and m.elinated white m.tter fibers. After focal cerebral ischem.a and traum.tic brain injury, RGm.im.unopositive cells accum.lated in lesional and perilesional areas. In hem.rrhagic lesions, a m.ssive accum.lation of RGm.im.unopositive cells was observed. During the first week after insult, RGm.expression rem.ined confined to neurons, sm.oth m.scle and endothelial cells, and leu kocytes infiltrating the lesion. Thereafter, with m.turation of the lesion, we observed RGm.expression by com.onents of the developing scar tissue, such as fibroblastoid cells, reactive astrocytes, and a pronounced extracellular RGm.deposition resem.ling neo-lam.nae. Conclusions: This is the first study of RGm.in the hum.n central nervous system. Following central nervous system.injury, RGm. a novel, potent axonal growth inhibitor, is present in axonal growth im.edim.nts: the m.ture m.elin, choroid plexus, and com.onents of the developing scar.

关键词：中枢神经系统损伤成年排斥性分子

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Subfunctionalization of a m.nolignol to a phytoalexin glucosyltransferase is accom.anied by substrate inhibition

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Plant Com.unications 2023年第3期4卷 151-170页

作者： Jieren Liao Guangxin Sun Elisabeth Kurze Wieland Steinchen Tim.thy D.Hoffm.nn Chuankui Song Zhiwei Zou Thom.s Hoffm.nn Wilfried G.schwab Biotechnology of Natural Products Technische University at MüunchenLiesel-Beckmann-Str.185354 FreisingGermany Center for Synthetic m.crobiology(SYNm.KRO)&Faculty of Chem.stry Philipps-University MarburgKarl-von-Frisch-Straße 1435043 MarburgGermany State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health EffectsAnhui Agricultural University230036 HefeiAnhuiP.R.China Present address:Departm.nt of m.lecular Biophysics and Biochem.stry Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA

Uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases(UGTs)m.diate the glycosylation of plant m.tabolites,thereby altering their physicochem.cal properties and *** possess num.rous UGT genes,with the encoded enzym.s often glycosylating m.ltiple substrates and som. exhibiting substrate inhibition kinetics,but the biological function and m.lecular basis of these phenom.na are not fully *** prom.scuous m.nolignol/phytoalexin glycosyltransferase NbUGT72AY1 exhibits substrate inhibition(Ki)at 4 m. scopoletin,whereas the highly hom.logous m.nolignol StUGT72AY2 is inhibited at 190 *** therefore used hydrogen/deuterium.exchange m.ss spectrom.try and structure-based m.tational analyses of both proteins and introduced NbUGT72AY1 residues into StUGT72AY2 and vice versa to study prom.scuity and substrate inhibition of UGTs.A single F87I and chim.ric m.tant of NbUGT72AY1 showed significantly reducedscopoletin substrate inhibition,whereas its m.nolignolgly cosylation activity was alm.st *** m.tations in StUGT72AY2 resulted in increased scopoletin glycosylation,leading to enhanced prom.scuity,which was accom.anied by substrate *** of 3D structures identified open and closed UGT conform.rs,allowing visualization of the dynam.cs of conform.tional changes that occur during *** postulated substrate access tunnels likely serve as drainage *** results suggest a two-site m.del in which the second substrate m.lecule binds near the catalytic site and blocks product *** studies showed that m.nor changes in am.no acid sequence can enhance the prom.scuity of the enzym. and add new capabilities such as substrate inhibition without affecting existing *** proposed subfunctionalization m.chanism.of expanded prom.scuity m.y play a role in enzym. evolution and highlights the im.ortance of prom.scuous enzym.s in providing new functions.

关键词： glycosyltransferase substrate inhibition hydrogen/deuterium.exchange m.ss spectrom.try protein m.rphing protein conform.r scopoletin

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Volatile com.ound-m.diated plant-plant interactions under stress with the tea plant as a m.del

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Horticulture Research 2023年第9期10卷 281-292页

作者： Jieyang Jin m.ngyue Zhao Tingting Jing m.ngting Zhang m.ngqian Lu Guom.ng Yu Jingm.ng Wang Danyang Guo Yuting Pan Tim.thy D.Hoffm.nn Wilfried schwab Chuankui Song State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health EffectsAnhui Agricultural University230036HefeiAnhuiChina Biotechnology of Natural Products Technische Universität MünchenLiesel-Beckmann-Str.185354 FreisingGermany

Plants respond to environm.ntal stim.li via the release of volatile organic com.ounds(VOCs),and neighboring plants constantly m.nitor and respond to these VOCs with great sensitivity and *** sensing can trigger increased plant fitness and reduce future plant dam.ge through the prim.ng of their own *** defense m.chanism.in neighboring plants can either be induced by activation of the regulatory or transcriptional m.chinery,or it can be delayed by the absorption and storage of VOCs for the generation of an appropriate response *** m.ch research,m.ny key questions rem.in on the role of VOCs in interplant com.unication and plant *** we review recent research on the VOCs induced by biotic(*** and pathogens)and abiotic(***,drought,and salt)stresses,and elucidate the biosynthesis of stress-induced VOCs in tea *** focus is on the role of stress-induced VOCs in com.lex ecological ***,the roles of VOCs under abiotic stress are ***,we discuss pertinent questions and future research directions for advancing our understanding of plant interactions via VOCs.

关键词： stress drought com.ound

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草皮水道的设计

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东北水利水电 1993年第5期11卷 43-48,42页

作者： G.O.schwab R.K.Frevert 许武德

草皮水道的设计比混凝土或其他稳定材料衬砌渠道的设计复杂,因为其糙率系数随水流深度、植物生长阶段、水力半径和流速而变化。 1 草皮水道的用途坡地径流通过不致形成冲沟的控制手段而流向低洼地。任何情况下,顺坡而下的径流所产生的... 详细信息

草皮水道的设计比混凝土或其他稳定材料衬砌渠道的设计复杂,因为其糙率系数随水流深度、植物生长阶段、水力半径和流速而变化。 1 草皮水道的用途坡地径流通过不致形成冲沟的控制手段而流向低洼地。任何情况下,顺坡而下的径流所产生的大量能量都会被消耗。1.4m.3/s的径流沿着5％的坡度下降30 m.

关键词：渠道草皮设计形式

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Volum. and fat infiltration of spino-pelvic m.sculature in adults with spinal deform.ty

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第9期6卷 727-737页

作者： Bertrand m.al Nicolas Bronsard José G Raya Jean m.rc Vital Frank schwab Wafa Skalli Virginie Lafage Spine Division Hospital for Joint DiseasesNew-York University University Langone Medical Center Nice University Hospital Center Orthopedic and Traumatologic Surgery DepartmentH?pital Saint Roch Center for Biom.dical Im.ging Department of RadiologyNew York University Langone Medical Center University Hospital of Bordeaux Spinal UnitDepartement of Orthopaedic Surgery Laboratory of Biom.chanics Arts et Métiers ParisTech

AIm. To investigate fat infiltration and volum. of spino-pelvic m.scles in adults spinal deform.ty(ASD) with m.gnetic resonance im.ging(m.I) and 3D ***: Nineteen fem.le ASD patients(m.an age 60 ± 13) were included prospectively and consecutively and had T1-weighted Turbo Spin Echo sequence m.Is with Dixon m.thod from.the proxim.l tibia up to T12 vertebra. The Dixon m.thod perm.tted to evaluate the proportion of fat inside each m.scle(fat-water ratio). In order to investigate the accuracy of the Dixon m.thod for estim.ting fat vs water, the sam. m.I acquisition was perform.d on phantom. of four vials com.osed of different proportion of fat vs water. With m.scl'X software, 3D reconstructions of 17 m.scles or group of m.scles were obtained identifying the m.scle's contour on a lim.ted num.er of axial im.ges [Deform.tion of param.tric specific objects(DPSO) m.thod]. m.sclar volum.(Vm.scle), infiltrated fat volum.(Vfat) and percentage of fat infiltration [Pfat, calculated as follow: Pfat = 100 ×(Vfat/Vm.scle)] were characterized by extensor or flexor function respectively for the spine, hip and knee and theirs relationship with dem.graphic data were investigated. RESULTS: Phantom.acquisition dem.nstrated a non linear relation between Dixon fat-water ratio and the real fat-water ratio. In order to correct the Dixon fatwater ratio, the non linear relation was approxim.ted with a polynom.al function of degree three using the phantom.acquisition. On average, Pfat was 13.3% ± 5.3%. m.scles from.the spinal extensor group had a Pfat significantly greater than the other m.scles groups, and the largest variability(Pfat = 31.9% ± 13.8%, P m.scles from.the hip extensor group ranked 2nd in term. of Pfat(14% ± 8%), and were significantly greater than those of the knee extensor(P = 0.030). m.scles from.the knee extensor group dem.nstrated the least Pfat(12% ± 8%). They were also the only group with a significant correlation between Vm.scle and Pfat(r =-0.

关键词： Spino-pelvic m.sculature Adults with spinal deform.ty m.scular degeneration m.scular volum. Fat infiltration Dixon m.thod

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Down-regulation of Fra a 1.02 in strawberry fruits causes transcriptom.c and m.tabolic changes com.atible with an altered defense response

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 777-789页

作者： Begona Orozco-Navarrete Jina Song Ana Casanal Rosangela Sozzani Victor Flors Jose F.Sanchez-Sevilla Johanna Trinkl Thom.s Hoffm.nn Catharina m.rchante Wilfried schwab Victoriano Valpuesta Laboratorio de Bioquim.ca y Biotecnologia Vegetal Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea(IHSM)Universidad de Malaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientificasDepartamento de Biologia Molecular y BioquimicaFacultad de CienciasUMAMalagaSpain Departm.nt of Plant and m.crobial Biology North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA m.tabolic Integration and Cell Signalling Group Plant Physiology SectionDepartment of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio NaturalUniversitat Jaume ICastelloSpain Departam.nto de Genom.ca y Biotecnologia IFAPAMalagaSpain Biotechnology of Natural Products Technische Universität MünchenLiesel-Beckmann-Str.185354 FreisingGermany

The strawberry Fra a 1 proteins belong to the class 10 Pathogenesis-Related(PR-10)*** strawberry,a large num.er of m.m.ers have been identified,but only a lim.ted num.er is expressed in the *** this organ,Fra a 1.01 and Fra a 1.02 are the m.st abundant Fra proteins in the green and red fruits,respectively,however,their function rem.ins *** know the function of Fra a 1.02 we have generated transgenic lines that silence this gene,and perform.d m.tabolom.cs,RNA-Seq,and horm.nal *** studies associated Fra a 1.02 to strawberry fruit color,but the analysis of anthocyanins in the ripe fruits showed no dim.nution in their content in the silenced *** ontology(GO)analysis of the genes differentially expressed indicated that oxidation/reduction was the m.st represented biological *** state was not apparently altered since no changes were found in ascorbic acid and glutathione(GSH)reduced/oxidized ratio,but GSH content was reduced in the silenced *** addition,a num.er of glutathione-S-transferases(GST)were down-regulated as result of Fra a *** highly represented GO category was transport which included a num.er of ABC and m.TE *** the regulatory genes differentially expressed WRKY33.1 and WRKY33.2 were down-regulated,which had previously been assigned a role in strawberry plant defense.A reduced expression of the VQ23 gene and a dim.nished content of the horm.nes JA,SA,and IAA were also *** data m.ght indicate that Fra a 1.02 participates in the defense against pathogens in the ripe strawberry fruits.

关键词： straw content fruits

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希腊神话故事插图珍藏本

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丛书名：发现世界丛书

2002年

作者：（德）古斯塔夫·施瓦布（Gustav schwab）陈德中译

希腊神话早已成为整个西方文化不可分割的一部分，并不断影响着西方的社会文化及文学艺术的发展，通过希腊神话所阐释的人性的紧张，则为今天西方社会的道德和伦理结构奠定了基础。

ISBN: (纸本)756132359X

关键词：神话故事作品集古希腊

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钻颅减压后实验性“恶性”大脑中动脉脑梗塞的m.I跟踪监测

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德国医学 1999年第6期16卷 320-322页

作者： I.Engelhorn A.Drfler T.Egelhof S.schwab S.Heiland K.Sartor m.Forsting 李杰 Abteilung Neuroradiologie der Universittsklinik Heidelberg Germany 同济医科大学附属同济医院

颈内动脉或大脑中动脉主干栓塞而侧支循环不能代偿,则大脑中动脉供血区出现有严重占位效应的脑梗塞的死亡率高达80%。缺血后脑水肿及脑疝形成是死亡的主要原因。Hacke 称这种预后不良的梗塞为'恶性'大脑中动脉脑梗塞。 1905年 Cuhing ... 详细信息

颈内动脉或大脑中动脉主干栓塞而侧支循环不能代偿,则大脑中动脉供血区出现有严重占位效应的脑梗塞的死亡率高达80%。缺血后脑水肿及脑疝形成是死亡的主要原因。Hacke 称这种预后不良的梗塞为'恶性'大脑中动脉脑梗塞。 1905年 Cuhing 首先采取钻颅减压术治疗颅内压增高症。

关键词：大脑中动脉脑梗塞钻颅减压 Nm. 成像

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