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Polarized Defense Against Fungal Pathogens Is Mediated by the Jacalin-Related Lectin Domain of Modular Poaceae-Specific Proteins

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Molecular Plant 2016年第4期9卷 514-527页

作者： Denise Weidenbach Lara Esch Claudia Moller Goetz Hensel Jochen Kumlehn Caroline Hofle Ralph Huckelhoven Ulrich schaffrath Department of Plant Physiology RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen Germany plant Reproductive Biology Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research 06466 Stadt Seeland/OT Gatersleben Germany Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan Technische Universitat Munchen 85350 Freising Germany

Modular proteins are an evolutionary answer to optimize performance of proteins that physically interact with each other for functionality. Using a combination of genetic and biochemical experiments, we charac-terized the rice protein OsJAC1, which consists of a jacalin-related lectin （JRL） domain predicted to bind mannose-containing oligosaccharides, and a dirigent domain which might function in stereoselective coupling of monolignols. Transgenic overexpression of OsJAC1 in rice resulted in quantitative broad- spectrum resistance against different pathogens including bacteria, oomycetes, and fungi. Overexpression of this gene or its wheat ortholog TAJA1 in barley enhanced resistance against the powdery mildew fungus. Both protein domains of OsJAC1 are required to establish resistance as indicated by single or combined transient expression of individual domains. Expression of artificially separated and fluorescence-tagged protein domains showed that the JRL domain is sufficient for targeting the powdery mildew penetration site. Nevertheless, co-localization of the lectin and the dirigent domain occurred. Phylogenetic analyses re- vealed orthologs of OsJAC1 exclusively within the Poaceae plant family. Dicots, by contrast, only contain proteins with either JRL or dirigent domain（s）. Altogether, our results identify OsJAC1 as a representative of a novel type of resistance protein derived from a plant lineage-specific gene fusion event for better function in local pathogen defense.

关键词： jacalin-related lectin broad-spectrum disease resistance dirigent Rosetta stone protein rice (Oryza sativa) barley (Hordeum vulgare)

内蒙古羊草和大针茅草原下垫面水汽、CO_2通量输送特征

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高原气象 2010年第3期29卷 605-613页

作者：王雷刘辉志 David schaffrath Christian Bernhofer 中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室北京100029 中国科学院研究生院北京100049 德国德累斯顿技术大学水文和气象研究所德累斯顿01737

利用涡动相关技术对2007年8月18日～9月12日在内蒙古羊草和大针茅草原样地上进行微气象观测,比较了两种草原生态系统下垫面水汽、CO2通量交换的差异,结果表明:(1)羊草样地的气温、地表温度和水汽压较小;羊草和大针茅样地的地表反射率平... 详细信息

利用涡动相关技术对2007年8月18日～9月12日在内蒙古羊草和大针茅草原样地上进行微气象观测,比较了两种草原生态系统下垫面水汽、CO2通量交换的差异,结果表明:(1)羊草样地的气温、地表温度和水汽压较小;羊草和大针茅样地的地表反射率平均值分别为0.17和0.16;(2)受土壤水分胁迫控制,羊草和大针茅样地的有效能量主要分配为感热通量,平均波文比分别为3.70和2.69,潜热通量在大针茅样地更大,有随着土壤湿度持续减小而减小的趋势;(3)羊草和大针茅样地在观测期间表现为CO2的源,日均释放率分别为0.97 ***2.m-2.d-1和0.43 ***2.m-2.d-1。受土壤水分胁迫和草地生理作用的控制,日间羊草和大针茅样地都出现了CO2通量的衰减。

关键词：内蒙古半干旱草原羊草草原大针茅草原水汽通量 CO2通量

放牧强度对内蒙古半干旱草原地气间能量和物质交换的影响

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大气科学 2009年第6期33卷 1201-1211页

作者：王雷刘辉志 Bettina KETZER David schaffrath Christian BERNHOFER 中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室北京100029 中国科学院研究生院北京100049 德国德累斯顿理工大学水文和气象研究所德累斯顿01737

利用涡度相关技术,于2006年7月27日至8月10日在内蒙古半干旱草原三种放牧强度的下垫面进行微气象观测。本文分析了放牧强度对内蒙古半干旱草原地气间能量和物质交换的影响,发现:(1)放牧降低植被覆盖率,使地表反射率增大。(2)放牧使潜热... 详细信息

利用涡度相关技术,于2006年7月27日至8月10日在内蒙古半干旱草原三种放牧强度的下垫面进行微气象观测。本文分析了放牧强度对内蒙古半干旱草原地气间能量和物质交换的影响,发现:(1)放牧降低植被覆盖率,使地表反射率增大。(2)放牧使潜热通量减小。而放牧强度最大的锡林河河道潜热通量最大,表明土壤水分状况是半干旱草原地表能量收支的决定性因素。(3)羊草和冬季放牧观测点日平均CO2通量分别为-1.92g·m-2·d-1和0.73g·m-2·d-1,表明放牧可以使草地由CO2的汇转变为源。锡林河河道为CO2的汇,日平均CO2通量-3.35g·m-2·d-1,与羊草比较,锡林河河道吸收CO2更多,表明土壤湿度是影响半干旱草原CO2通量交换的重要因素。(4)放牧通过减小叶面积指数,减弱植被的光合作用能力。

关键词：半干旱草原放牧强度能量交换二氧化碳通量

Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Molecular Biology: Searching an Access to Single form Glycoproteins

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Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Molecular Biology: Searching an...

对绝经前妇女受体阳性、淋巴结阴性的乳腺癌行戈舍瑞林联合依西美坦加/不加替勃龙的辅助治疗的II期研究:ADAGIO研究(德国)

8th Chinese International Peptide Symposium

作者： Carlo UNVERZAGT Stefano MEZZATO Manuela schaffrath Daniel VARON Bioorganische Chemie Gebude NWI Universitt Bayreuth95440 BayreuthGermany

Recent efforts to obtain functional glycoproteins as a single glycoform have been a challenge for interdisciplinary chemical research. Approaches to reduce the diversity of natural glycoproteins by glycan remodeling, transglycosy-lation, reverse proteolysis or native chemical ligation have been proposed. The most promising approach for the synthesis of complex type N-glycoproteins appears the native chemical ligation of glycoprotein fragments. As a model glycoprotein we chose RNase because the reference enzyme can be readily obtained in a glycosylated and a non-gly-cosylated form from natural sources and structure-activity studies indicated that the enzymatic activity is dependent on the glycosylation pattern. Glycosylated RNase B was retrosynthetically disconnected into two fragments ranging

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2005年第10期1卷 61-62页

作者： Pollow K schaffrath M Klb H. 柳蕴 Abteilung für Experimentelle Endokrinologie Universitt frauenklinik Johannes- Gutenberg- Universitt Langenbeckstraβe1 55101 MainzGermany

Purpose: Goserelin suppresses ovarian function, but does not inhibit oestrogen production in peripheral tissues. Therefore addition of the aromatase inactivator exemestane may optimally decrease oestrogen levels. The combination of goserelin and exemestane may therefore be useful in the adjuvant treatment of primary breast cancer. The climacteric symptoms expected with this regimen may be relieved by tibolone. Material and Methods: The 24- week, open, randomised, multicentre ADAGIO (Adjuvant Aromasin combined with Goserelin) pilot study was conducted in 48 premenopausal women (aged 35- 55 years)- with histologically confirmed oestrogen and/or progesterone receptor- positive, node negative primary breast cancer (pT1, M0 [grade 1- 2]) of low or intermediate risk. Patients were randomised to one of four groups: goserelin 3.6 mg depot implanted s.c. every 28 days; goserelin plus oral exemestane 25 mg/day; goserelin plus oral tibolone 2.5 mg/day; or goserelin plus exemestane and tibolone. Results: There was a rapid fall in serum oestradiol, oestrone and oestrone sulphate to postmenopausal levels in all four treatment groups; there were no significant differences between the groups. LH and FSH were also suppressed. Climacteric symptoms increased in intensity in all groups, although patients receiving tibolone had significantly fewer hot flushes (p < 0.01), sleep disorders (p < 0.05), loss of libido (p < 0.01) and vaginal dryness (p < 0.05). The combination of goserelin and exemestane did not reduce bone mineral density (BMD) more than goserelin alone. There was a trend towards a protective effect of tibolone on BMD. There were no significant differences in adverse events between the four groups and no serious adverse events were observed. Conclusions: Combination treatment with goserelin and exemestane is as safe and well tolerated as standard treat ment with goserelin alone. The addition of tibolone reduces the severity of some climacteric symptoms and may also reduce bo

关键词：依西美坦 ADAGIO II 淋巴结阴性戈舍瑞林替勃龙更年期症状芳香化酶阴道干涩黄体生成激素

使用最新喷油技术的小型增压4气门直喷式柴油机

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汽车与新动力 1999年第4期 12-21页

作者： DürnholzM Krmer F schaffrath a Gomes E D Keppeler S 刘巽俊

介绍一种1.2L排量的小型4气门可变喷嘴几何截面增压共轨直喷式柴油机。这种发动机计划用于混合动力汽车或作小型轿车的动力装置。首先介绍其方案设计,接着描述发动机的基本参数和全铝发动机的结构,最后,将比较这种小型柴油机和一般排量... 详细信息

介绍一种1.2L排量的小型4气门可变喷嘴几何截面增压共轨直喷式柴油机。这种发动机计划用于混合动力汽车或作小型轿车的动力装置。首先介绍其方案设计,接着描述发动机的基本参数和全铝发动机的结构,最后,将比较这种小型柴油机和一般排量轿车柴油机对燃烧系统的影响。并从全负荷和部分负荷出发讨论了发动机性能。着重探讨关闭一个气道以及预喷射的作用。该柴油机的比功率达到46 kW/L,最大平均有效压力1.6MPa[16bar]。由于单缸工作容积很小,其燃油消耗率略高于一般尺寸的柴油机。通过预喷射可以改善发动机的噪声。不过,所用燃油喷射系统的最小可调预喷射量太大,不利于降低颗粒排放。

关键词：增压直接喷射柴油机设计试验

卵巢癌:DR-70TM免疫测定纤维蛋白降解产物联合CA-125测定的临床有效性

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2006年第6期2卷 40-41页

作者： schaffrath M. Harter P. Wulgaris S. K.Pollow 马超 Klinikum der Johannes-Gutenberg- Universitt Mainz Abt. für Exp. Endokrinologie Langenbeckstr. 1 55101 Mainz GermanyDr.

Background and question: Malignant cells characteristically possess high levels of proteases (e.g. plasminogen activator, cathepsin etc.), which should induce fibrinolysis. The DR- 70(tm) immunoassay quantifies the amount of fibrin degradation products (FDP) in the body. This test system has successfully been used for the detection of a number of cancers including lung, stomach, breast, rectum, liver, colon and uterus cancer. In this paper we tested the diagnostic validity of DR- 70(tm) relative to CA- 125 as a tumor marker for the detection of ovarian carcinoma. Methods: We have simultaneously investigated the serum activities of DR- 70(tm)and CA- 125 from 61 preoperative patients with histologically confirmed ovarian carcinoma. One hundred healthy blood donors served as control group. We measured the FDP utilizing the DR- 70(tm) ELISA as per test instructions of its manufacturer AMDL (Tustin, CA, USA). Results: Low levels of FDP measured by DR- 70(tm) have been detected in the serum of 100 apparently healthy persons (mean ± S.D., 0.41 ± 0.19 μ g/ml). Among the 61 ovarian carcinoma patients, DR- 70(tm) mean value (± S.D.) was 7.0 ± 10.5 μ g/ml in a range of 0.6 to 58.5 μ g/ml. The cut- off level for DR- 70(tm) was set at > 1.2 μ g/ml. The specificity was 100% , whereas the sensitivity was at 83.6% . Relative to CA- 125 a cut- off level of > 65 U/ml was applied. The comparable sensitivity of DR- 70(tm) was higher by 13.1 % . Conclusions: Malignant cells with high levels of proteases are significant contributors to fibrinolysis. The DR- 70(tm) immunoassay has been designed to measure the level of FDP in the serum. DR- 70(tm) represents a tumor marker with which ovarian carcinoma can be diagnosed at levels of sensitivity and specificity which compare favorably to those measured with CA- 125.

关键词： DR-70TM 纤维蛋白降解产物 CA-125 免疫测定法卵巢癌患者临床有效性纤溶酶原激活物肿瘤标志物检测 ELISA检测联合

抗苗勒激素对ICSI治疗中卵巢反应的预测价值

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同济大学学报（医学版） 2011年第1期32卷 40-45页

作者：韩巍巍 schaffrath M Holze V Pollow K Seufert R 童晓文同济大学附属同济医院妇保中心上海200065 德国美因茨大学医院妇产科生殖中心德国美因茨55101

目的探讨接受卵胞浆内单精子注射(intracytoplasmic sperm injection,ICSI)治疗患者血清及卵泡液中AMH水平对卵巢反应性的预测价值。方法 53例接受ICSI治疗的患者分别使用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a,40例)长方案和促性腺激素释放... 详细信息

目的探讨接受卵胞浆内单精子注射(intracytoplasmic sperm injection,ICSI)治疗患者血清及卵泡液中AMH水平对卵巢反应性的预测价值。方法 53例接受ICSI治疗的患者分别使用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a,40例)长方案和促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂(GnRH拮抗剂,13例)联合方案促排卵。接受GnRH-a长方案治疗患者降调节后促性腺激素使用第2天检测血清AMH水平。53例患者卵泡穿刺(oocyte pick-up,OPU)当天检测血清及卵泡液中AMH水平。应用SPSS10.0软件分析血清及卵泡液中AMH水平与卵巢反应的相关性。结果 GnRH-a长方案组和GnRH-拮抗剂联合方案组,OPU当天血清及卵泡液中AMH水平差异无统计学意义。GnRH-a长方案促性腺激素治疗第2天血清AMH水平,两组OPU当天血清及卵泡液中AMH水平与获卵数、成熟卵数成正相关,与患者年龄、促性腺激素使用剂量呈负相关,与受精率没有明显相关性。结论控制性超排卵治疗周期血清及卵泡液中AMH水平能预测ICSI治疗后的卵巢反应性。

关键词：抗苗勒激素卵巢反应性卵胞浆内单精子注射