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Advances in Alzheimer's Disease 2017年第2期6卷 45-51页

作者： sayuri Takechi Kimio Yoshimura Yuko Oguma Yoshinobu Saito Masaru Mimura Department of Neuropsychiatry Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan Department of Health Policy and Management Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan Graduate School of Health Management Keio University Fujisawa Japan Sports Medicine Research Center Keio University Yokohama Japan

The concept of social capital encompasses all relationships and networks among people in a local community or society as a whole. It has been found to be associated with the health and daily living status of people. Furthermore, an association between social capital and cognitive functions among the elderly has been suggested in recent years. However, the number of such reports is very few. Hence, the present study aims to evaluate the relationship between social capital and cognitive functions among the elderly living in a local community in Japan. A questionnaire survey was administered to 192 elderly individuals belonging to 10 neighborhood elderly groups. A regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between cognitive functions and the level of engagement with the local community, after adjusting for age, gender, and symptoms of depression. Valid responses were collected from 145 participants (mean age: 75.3 years). An analysis of the data concerning the level of engagement with the local community revealed a significant difference in the cognitive function scores between the group of people who indicated that they had someone they could consult (n = 69) and the group that indicated they had no one to consult (n = 76) (regression coefficient: -0.61, p = 0.0038, 95% confidence interval: -1.02 to -0.20). This result indicates the existence of a significant correlation between social capital and cognitive functions of the elderly living in a local community. In future studies, we need to investigate the same with a larger number of participants from a wider geographical area, and by incorporating more indicators for a comprehensive evaluation of social capital.

关键词： Social Capital Cognitive Functions Elderly Community

The Lower Infusion Rate of Glucose to Maintain Ketogenesis within Normal Level during Surgery

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2017年第8期7卷 264-274页

作者： Jun Hirokawa sayuri Kadowaki Masanori Tsukamoto Takashi Hitosugi Takeshi Yokoyama Department of Dental Anesthesiology Faculty of Dental Science Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan

Background: Intraoperative low-dose glucose infusions suppress ketogenesis and attenuate postoperative insulin resistance (IR). However, the appropriate rate for intraoperative glucose infusion remains unclear, although a postoperative infusion of 0.08 g/kg/h effectively suppressed ketogenesis at the next morning. Therefore, we investigated the effects of an intraoperative rate of 0.08 g/kg/h on ketogenesis and postoperative IR. Methods: The present study included 15 patients who were undergoing maxillofacial surgery. The patients received glucose-free Ringer’s solution and a continuous glucose infusion (0.08 g/kg/h) during the surgery. Blood samples were collected to evaluate the concentrations of noradrenaline, cortisol, glucose, insulin, ketone bodies, and free fatty acid before anesthesia induction (T1), at 1 h after induction (T2), at 3 h after induction (T3), and at the end of surgery (T4). The glucose clamp test was performed on the days before and after surgery using the STG-55TM device. IR was quantified using the mean glucose infusion rate (M-value). Results: All 15 patients exhibited intraoperative blood glucose concentrations of 90 - 130 mg/dL. There was a non-significant trend towards higher plasma concentrations of total ketone bodies at T3 (p = 0.058). The plasma concentrations of acetoacetic acid at T3 and T4 were significantly higher than that at T1 (p = 0.0217 and p = 0.0306, respectively). All patients exhibited lower M-values after surgery (mean reduction: 48.0% ± 17.9%). Conclusion: Continuous intraoperative glucose at 0.08 g/kg/h helped maintain blood glucose concentrations, although it may suppress the ketogenesis to increase during surgery.

关键词： Glucose Administration Insulin Resistance Metabolism Ketogenesis General Anesthesia

TNF Type-I Receptor Inhibitor, R-7050 Attenuates Acute Kidney Injury in a Mouse Model of Crush Syndrome

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2018年第12期9卷 547-558页

作者： Shinya Mizuno Eriko Osaki Hiroyuki ohnishi Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan Department of Microbiology and Immunology in Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan Department of Zoology Okayama University of Science (RIDAI) Okayama Japan Kitasato University School of Allied Health Science Sagamihara Japan

Crush syndrome (CS) is caused by severe and extensive muscular skeletal damages, and acute kidney injury (AKI) with hyperkalemia is one of the most lethal factors of this syndrome. Especially under natural disasters of earthquake, many persons die due to AKI and hyperkalemia-induced cardiac arrest, but there has been no pathogenesis-based drugs for preventing CS-induced AKI. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6, play a critical role for induction of AKI during CS development. Glycerol-injected mice are used as an experimental tool for reflecting pathological events of human CS. Using this popular model, we provide evidence to show that TNF type-I receptor (TNFR1) inhibitor, R-7050 significantly attenuates the onset of AKI after the muscular destruction. In this process, R-7050 treatment suppressed the NF-κB activation in the affected kidney, and this was associated with a decrease in blood IL-6, a downstream target of NF-κB. As a result, renal tubular apoptosis became milder in the R-7050-treated CS mice. These findings suggest that induction of IL-6 via sequential events of TNF-α à TNFR1 à NF-κB is contributable for renal tubular apoptosis, a histological hallmark of AKI. Thus, TNFR1-selective inhibition can be a pharmacological strategy to attenuate the onset of AKI immediately after the clinical manifestation of rhabdomyolysis.

关键词： AKI Hyperkalemia IL-6 Rhabdomyolysis TNF-α

Practical studies on rockfall simulation by DDA

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2011年第1期3卷 57-63页

作者： Hiroyuki Matsuyama Satoshi Nishiyama Yuzo ohnishi West Nippon Expressway Co. Ltd. School of Civil Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto University

In this paper,simulations of real rockfall by discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) are *** the simulations,the energy losses of rockfall are categorized into three types,*** loss by friction,the loss by collision,and the loss by *** of the energy loss using absolute parameters is conducted by the DDA ***,in order to verify the applicability and validity of the proposed DDA,field tests on rockfall and corresponding simulations of rockfall tests by DDA are *** simulated results of rockfall velocity and rockfall jumping height agree well with those obtained from the field ***,the new technique properly considers the energy-absorption ability of slope based on vegetation condition and shape of the rockfall,and provides a new method for the assessment and preventive design of rockfall.

关键词： discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) rockfall numerical simulations field experiment cut slope highway

Allergic reaction to anisakis-contaminated fish after the first administration of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine:a case report

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Gastroenterology Report 2022年第1期10卷 650-652页

作者： Fumiue Harada Kana Yamamoto Tomoki Matsuda Chika Yamamoto Yuta Tani Mutsuko ohnishi Morihito Takita Tetsuya Tanimoto Masahiro Kami Ryusaburo Shineha Department of Internal Medicine Soma Central HospitalSomaFukushimaJapan Department of Disaster and Comprehensive Medicine Fukushima Medical UniversityFukushimaFukushimaJapan Department of Radiation Health Management Fukushima Medical UniversityFukushimaFukushimaJapan Research Division Medical Governance Research InstituteMinatoTokyoJapan

Introduction SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is an effective means to prevent severe illness and death due to SARS-CoV-2 infection[1].Vaccine safety has been carefully monitored to be sure that the benefit outweighs the risk of adverse events(AEs).Common AEs of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine,for example,include fatigue(45%),headache(40%),and chills(28%)after the first administration in accordance with the adult phase Ⅲ clinical trial[1].

关键词： headache death administration

Efficacy of the fat-dissociation method for nodal harvesting in gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2020年第6期12卷 277-286页

作者： Shinichi Kinami Toshio ohnishi Naohiko Nakamura Zhi Yong Jiang Takashi Miyata Hideto Fujita Hiroyuki Takamura Nobuhiko Ueda Takeo Kosaka Department of Surgical Oncology Kanazawa Medical UniversityKahoku-gunIshikawa920-0293Japan

BACKGROUND There is an increased need for accurate staging for gastric cancer ***, it is necessary to carefully examine all dissected lymph nodes for precise staging. Recently, the fat-dissociation method has been developed as a quick and accurate method for harvesting dissected lymph nodes of colorectal cancer *** To investigate the usefulness of the fat-dissociation method for harvesting dissected lymph nodes of gastric cancer *** Fifty-six resected specimens from gastric cancer patients who underwent standard curative gastrectomy and lymph node dissection at our hospital were used. Group 2 lymph nodes were separated from each specimen, and the remaining adipose tissue containing the group 1 lymph nodes was used. Some resected specimens were subjected to the fat-dissociation method. One vial of Imofully~? was dissolved in 50 m L of saline and injected into the tissue. The tissue was incubated for 1 h and the dissolved fat was removed. Subsequently, the nodes were identified, picked up with scissors, and mapped. The number of nodes in each lymphatic compartment and duration of lymph node harvest and mapping were *** The fat-dissociation method was used for 24 samples, while the conventional dissection method was used for 32 samples. The total number of harvested lymph nodes was 45.9 in the fat dissociation group and 44.3 in the control group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. There were also no significant differences in the number of lymph nodes between the two groups based on a comparison of the lymphatic compartments. However, the total median duration of the fat-dissociation method was 38.2 min, reflecting a reduced duration of approximately 60 min compared to the control *** Based on our results, the fat-dissociation method is effective in shortening the duration of lymph node harvest in gastric cancer surgery.

关键词： Gastric cancer Lymph node dissection Staging Lymph node mapping Fatdissociationmethod Efficacy

Sofosbuvir/Ribavirin therapy for patients experiencing failure of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir + ribavirin therapy: Two cases report and review of literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第9期7卷 1043-1052页

作者： Ken Sato Yuichi Yamazaki Takeshi Kobayashi Satoshi Takakusagi Norio Horiguchi Satoru Kakizaki Masayasu Andou Yoshihiro Matsuda Toshio Uraoka Hiroshi ohnishi Hiroaki Okamoto Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Division of Virology Department of Infection and Immunity Jichi Medical University School of Medicine

BACKGROUND The effectiveness of sofosbuvir/ribavirin(SOF/RBV) combination therapy,which is one of the 1 st-choice therapeutic options for patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV) genotype 2(HCV-G2) in Japan according to the most recent version of the Japan Society of Hepatology guideline, for patients who experienced failure of the ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir plus ribavirin(OBV/PTV/r+RBV) combination therapy, which was another option for patients with HCV-G2, is *** SUMMARY We evaluated the effects of SOF/RBV combination therapy in two patients with genotype 2 a who could not achieve a sustained virological response(SVR) by OBV/PTV/r+RBV combination therapy. One patient was complicated with VogtKoyanagi-Harada(VKH) disease. Resistance-associated variations before SOF/RBV combination therapy were not detected in two patients. Both patients had an SVR at 12 wk after the treatment(SVR12). Regarding adverse events(AEs), itching, chill, a dull feeling in the throat and cough as well as increase of alanine transaminase level were shown in one patient, while a headache and deterioration of light aversion probably due to the recurrence of VKH disease were shown in the other patients. In addition, the latter patient developed arthralgia and morning stiffness approximately 7 wk after the therapy and turned out to be diagnosed with rheumatoid *** SOF/RBV therapy might be effective for patients experiencing failure of OBV/PTV/r+RBV therapy, but caution should be taken regarding the AEs.

关键词： Direct-acting antiviral agent failure Hepatitis C Genotype 2 Ribavirin Sofosbuvir Case report

Numerical modeling for the coupled thermo-mechanical processes and spalling phenomena in sp Pillar Stability Experiment (APSE)

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2013年第1期5卷 58-72页

作者： T.Koyama M.Chijimatsu H.Shimizu S.Nakama T.Fujita A.Kobayashi Y.ohnishi Department of Urban Management Kyoto University Hazama Corporation Institute of Fluid Science Tohoku University Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) Faculty of Environmental and Urban Engineering Kansai University Kyoto University

In this paper, the coupled thermo-mechanical （TM） processes in the AEspoe Pillar Stability Experiment （APSE） carried out by the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company （SKB） were simulated using both continuum and discontinuum based numerical methods. Two-dimensional （2D） and three- dimensional （3D） finite element method （FEM） and 2D distinct element method （DEM） with particles were used. The main objective for the large scale in situ experiment is to investigate the yielding strength of crystalline rock and the formation of the excavation disturbed/damaged zone （EDZ） during excavation of two boreholes, pressurizing of one of the boreholes and heating. For the DEM simulations, the heat flow algorithm was newly introduced into the original code. The calculated stress, displacement and temperature distributions were compared with the ones obtained from in situ measurements and FEM simulations. A parametric study for initial microcracks was also performed to reproduce the spalling phenomena observed in the APSE.

关键词： Coupled thermo-mechanical (TM)processesAspoe Pillar Stability Experiment (APSE)Excavation disturbed/damaged zone (EDZ)Finite element method (FEM)Distinct element method (DEM)

Assessment of Cervical Screw Trajectory Using 3-Dimensional Software Planning

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2015年第1期5卷 6-11页

作者： Yu-Ichiro ohnishi Koichi Iwatsuki Toshiki Yoshimine Department of Neurosurgery Osaka University Medical School Suita Japan

Objective: It is important and helpful for surgeons to understand the correlation between spinal anatomy and screw trajectory before surgery. We aimed to assess a simple technique using 3D imaging software available on the hospital intranet for visual and quantitative feedback to prepare surgeons for an appropriate entry point and safe trajectory when placing cervical screws. Methods: A total of 59 cervical screws were inserted from C1 to T1 in 12 consecutive patients using this technique. First, a single CT optimal slice was selected from 3D CT images of the cervical spine to determine the intervals of bilateral entry points and lateral angle. Next, this 3D image was rotated to the lateral angle. Finally, bone was cut out on the entry point using subtractive manipulation, which removed the core of the pedicle or lateral mass. Screw trajectory was indicated, and surgeons could assess the correlation between surface landmarks, spinal anatomy, and screw trajectory. Posterior cervical fusion was performed using fluoroscopy. Postoperative outcomes and incidence of complications were retrospectively assessed. Results: One perforation (1.4%) was identified on postoperative CT images. No vascular injuries occurred. Differences in the intended entry point location and lateral angle of the screw from actual postoperative values were 1.49 ± 1.23 mm and 5.46。 ± 4.46。, respectively. Conclusions: A novel 3D CT imaging assessment underwent in cervical screw fixation. This technique is easily accessible on the hospital intranet and provides training in cervical screw placement for fellows. Surgeons can simulate screw placement and share surgical strategy.

关键词： Cervical Screw Trajectory 3D CT Planning Simulation Training