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Etiology of Diarrhea among Severely Malnourished Infants and Young Children: Observation of Urban-Rural Differences over One Decade in Bangladesh

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第3期4卷 233-239页

作者： Sumon Kumar Das Mohammod Jobayer Chisti sayeeda huq Mohammad Abdul Malek Mohammed Abdus Salam Tahmeed Ahmed Abu Syed Golam Faruque International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research Dhaka Bangladesh.

There is inadequate information on the etiology of diarrhea in severely malnourished (SM) young children. Thus, the study aimed to determine the etiology of diarrhea among severely malnourished (z score ?3.00 SD) children in rural and urban Bangladesh. From the database (2000-2011) of Diarrheal Disease Surveillance Systems (DDSS) at rural Matlab and urban Dhaka hospitals of icddr,b, 2234 and 3109 under-5 children were found severely malnourished (underweight, stunted or wasted) respectively. Two comparison groups [moderately malnourished (MM) and well-nourished (WN)] were randomly selected in a ratio of 1:1:1. Children with all categories of SM were more likely to be infected with Vibrio cholerae (rural—11%;urban—15%), Shigella (16%;9%), Salmonella (1%;2%) and Campylobacter (3%;4%);and less likely to have rotavirus (25%;20%) compared to only one SM category. Isolation rate of Vibrio cholerae was significantly higher among SM both in rural and urban children (7%;13%) than those of MM (5%;10%) and WN (2%;8%) and lower for rotavirus (30%;31%), (34%;43%), (35%;47%) respectively (p 0.01). However, for Shigella it was only higher among rural SM children (11%) [MM (9%), and WN (8%) (p 0.01)]. The isolation rate of Salmonella in SM (2%) was similar to that in MM (2%;p = 0.72) but significantly higher than that in WN (1%;p 0.01) among urban children. Isolation rates of bacterial enteric pathogens were higher but rotavirus was lower in SM children in both rural and urban area with geographical heterogeneity.

关键词： Diarrhea Under-5 Children Rural Severe Malnutrition Urban

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Changing Trend of Overweight and Obesity and Their Associated Factors in an Urban Population of Bangladesh

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第6期4卷 678-689页

作者： Sumon Kumar Das Mohammod Jobayer Chisti sayeeda huq Mohammad Abdul Malek Lana Vanderlee Mohammed Abdus Salam Tahmeed Ahmed Abu Syed Golam Faruque Abdullah Al Mamun International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research Dhaka Bangladesh School of Population Health University of Queensland Brisbane Australia. School of Public Health and Health Systems University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada

There is a scarcity of information examining the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the general population of Bangladesh. Thus, the present study aimed to estimate the changing trends and socio-demographic characteristics of overweight and obese individuals among an urban population inDhaka,Bangladesh. The present study included data from 49,532 patients enrolled in the Diarrheal Disease Surveillance System (DDSS) at theDhakaHospitalfrom 1993-2011. Overweight and obese was categorized among under-5 children (n = 508), 5 19 years (n = 96), and >19 years (n = 1330). Data was compared with normal weight and malnourished individuals of respective age strata. The proportion of overweight and obese increased from 0.64% 5.15% among children 0.001), 0.80% 6.70% among 5 19 years (p 0.001), and 3.66% 16.94% (p 0.001) among >19 years. Among those under-5, males [OR = 1.31 (95%CI 1.08, 1.57)] those with higher socio-economic status [1.99 (1.02, 3.82)], higher monthly mean family income [3.76 (2.41, 5.86)], non-slum residence [2.01 (0.74, 5.51)], high maternal literacy rate [3.66 (2.31, 5.79)], and using sanitary toilet [1.47 (1.07, 2.01)] were at higher risk of being overweight and obese compared to well-nourished and malnourished children. Among individuals 5 19 years, those with higher socioeconomic status and use of sanitary toilet were at higher risk of being overweight and obese. Among those >19 years, additionally males were less likely to be overweight and obese [0.59 (0.49, 0.68)]. Over the last two decades the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Dhaka city has increased at least five folds and it was much higher among those with better socioeconomic status.

关键词： Bangladesh Obesity Overweight Urban

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Stakeholders' satisfaction assessment in heritage conservation: Case study of a project performance model for Thiruvananthapuram Fort Area, Kerala, India

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第2期13卷 285-304页

作者： Sunena Abdul huq Bimal Puthuvayi Department of Architecture and Planning National Institute of Technology Calicut NIT Campus P.O.Kozhikode 673601India

Stakeholder satisfaction is an important factor in determining the success of urban heritage conservation *** research attempts to propose a model for assessing stakeholder satisfaction and project significant factors that need to be considered when determining the performance of a conservation project,taking the Thiruvananthapuram Fort Area,India as a case *** study employed a mixed-method approach of using expert consultations,physical surveys,and statistical analysis in the development of the *** influencing the outcome of an urban heritage conservation project were listed from the literature and further refined through expert discussions to be utilized for the stakeholder survey.A questionnaire survey is administered within a heritage-sensitive urban area to identify the present state of heritage buildings and the living conditions of the stakeholders pertaining to the six aspects that determine the outcome of an urban heritage conservation *** overall satisfaction of the stakeholder group was modelled using ordinal logistic regression against the various factors to arrive at factors that positively and negatively influenced *** model assessed that the satisfaction of the stakeholders who were a part of the historic site was highly influenced by their economic needs and the project's economic sustainability over other factors in the *** economy consolidation,a known mechanism of improving an area's economic sustainability negatively affected the stakeholders'*** results indicate that the factors under the social aspect were not significant determinants for the stakeholders of this urban heritage conservation *** methodology developed in this study can aid researchers and planners in identifying factors determining the outcome of an urban heritage conservation project while planning for development within a heritage-sensitive urban area.

关键词： Heritage conservation Thiruvananthapuram Fort Area Kerala India Assessment Stakeholder satisfaction Model

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Assessing the performance of urban heritage conservation projects-influencing factors,aspects and priority weights

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Built Heritage 2024年第1期8卷 46-66页

作者： Sunena Abdul huq Bimal Puthuvayi Department of Architecture&Planning National Institute of Technology CalicutNIT CampusP.O.673601KozhikodeKeralaIndia

Heritage conservation in urban areas involves complex systems often faced with the dilemmas of maintaining the built form's historical character,improving infrastructure,and managing development through stakeholder *** present,the performance of any conservation project is solely vested in conserving the built *** tools for urban heritage conservation projects do not have provisions for measuring the subjective value of stakeholders who are part of the heritage *** study tries to identify and prioritise the factors that need to be considered when developing a conservation project performance assessment model for an urban heritage conservation project from the perspective of experts that can be further evaluated from the perspective of *** these complex systems can be better viewed in the context of developing countries,the case of India is *** a literature review,factors that contribute to the outcome of an urban heritage conservation project were identified and categorised into six aspects:the physical,social,economic,cultural,political,and continuity *** an expert survey,the factors that constituted each aspect were filtered using the feature selection method of correlation to avoid factors that may seem *** factors under each aspect were ranked using a weighted average ranking method to identify the most prioritised factors determining the outcome of an urban heritage conservation *** priority weights of the aspects were calculated using Saaty's analytic hierarchy *** results show that the cultural aspect was the most important aspect,followed by the continuity *** social and physical aspects were prioritised similarly,followed by the economic and political *** study is distinctive because it identifies the influential factors that can help develop a conservation project performance assessment model for an urban heritage conservation project.

关键词： heritage conservation urban conservation performance influential factors AHP filter-based feature selection

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History of Vitamin A Supplementation Reduces Severity of Diarrhea in Young Children Admitted to Hospital with Diarrhea and Pneumonia

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第2期4卷 150-155页

作者： Mohammod J. Chisti Mohammed A. Salam Abu S. G. Faruque Hasan Ashraf Pradip K. Bardhan Sumon K. Das sayeeda huq Fahmida Chowdhury Shoeb B. Islam Tahmeed Ahmed Centre for Communicable Diseases (CCD) Dhaka Bangladesh. Centre for Nutrition & Food Security (CNFS) International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Dhaka Bangladesh Centre for Nutrition & Food Security (CNFS) International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Dhaka Bangladesh&Clinical Services (CS) Dhaka Bangladesh Centre for Nutrition & Food Security (CNFS) International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Dhaka Bangladesh&Clinical Services (CS) Dhaka Bangladesh Centre for Nutrition & Food Security (CNFS) International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Dhaka Bangladesh Clinical Services (CS) Dhaka Bangladesh Clinical Services (CS) Dhaka Bangladesh Research Administration Services (RAS) Dhaka Bangladesh

Background: Although the role of vitamin A in childhood pneumonia in association with diarrhea is not fully proven, we did not find any published data demonstrating the impact of lack of vitamin A supplementation in under-five children who present with the co-morbidities of pneumonia and diarrhea. This study examined whether previous vitamin A supplementation was associated with reduced severity and duration of diarrhea and pneumonia for children presenting with both illnesses. Methods: All admitted children (n = 189) aged 0 - 59 months to the Special Care Ward of the Dhaka Hospital of icddr,b with diarrhea and radiological pneumonia from September-December 2007 were enrolled. We compared clinical features of the children who received (n = 96) and did not receive (n = 93) high potency capsule vitamin A supplementation during previous immunization according to EPI schedule. Results: In logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for potential confounders such as respiratory rate, lower chest wall in-drawing, severe wasting and systolic blood pressure, vitamin A non-supplemented children with pneumonia and diarrhea more often presented in their early infancy (95% CI 1.01 - 1.09), had duration of diarrhea for >4 days (95% CI 1.79 - 11.88), had clinical dehydration (95% CI 1.2 - 5.63), and more often required hospitalization for >7 days (95% CI 1.03 - 8.87). But, there was no significant difference in the clinical features of pneumonia, such as history of cough, respiratory rate, lower chest wall in-drawing, nasal flaring, head nodding, grunting respiration, cyanosis, and inability to drink between the groups. Conclusion: Lack of vitamin A supplementation in under-five children with radiological pneumonia and diarrhea is independently associated with young infancy, duration of diarrhea for >4 days, dehydration and hospitalization for >7 days which underscores the importance of routine supplementation of vitamin A in young infancy. However, lack of vitamin A supplement

关键词： Bangladesh Diarrhea Children Lower Chest Wall In-Drawing Pneumonia Vitamin A Supplementation

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Complete separation of the urinary tract from proximal rectum during PSARP surgery: our experience with the novel technique

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 66-69页

作者： Md Samiul Hasan Md Nazmul Islam Refoyez Mahmud Umama huq Ashrarur Rahman Pediatric Surgery Bangladesh Shishu Hospital and InstituteDhakaBangladesh

Anorectal malformation(ARM)is a frequently occurring surgical condition in neonates,with a prevalence of 1 in 4000 live births.'In boys with this anomaly,the rectum and urinary tract share a common wall for some distance,often ending up in fistulous *** goals of definite reconstruction are to separate the rectum from the urinary tract without injuring the urethra and mobilizing the rectum to the perineum within the muscle *** the rectum and the urinary tract is the most critical part of this operation and is associated with a significant risk of urinary tract injury.2-5 The original procedure described by Pena and Devries involves multiple stay sutures on the rectal mucosa just above the fistula,lifting the mucosa and continuing a submucosal dissection up to the prostate,where the entire thickness of the intestine can be separated from the urinary tract.

关键词： urinary rectum intestine

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Direct Convergence of Light and Auxin Signaling Pathways in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2018年第4期11卷 515-517页

作者： Enamul huq Department of Molecular Biosciences and The Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

Sessile plants are equipped with sophisticated mechanisms to integrate complex environmental signals into the endogenous program for adaptation to surrounding environment. How plants coordinately respond to environmental and endogenous signals is a central question for plant biologists. Plants respond to light signals through an exquisite array of photoreceptors that perceive and respond to a range of wavelengths of ambient light.

关键词： Arabidopsis 植物生长素小径信号集成复杂环境光敏电阻器生物学家植物反应

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MAX2 Affects Multiple Hormones to Promote Photomorphogenesis

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Molecular Plant 2012年第3期5卷 750-762页

作者： Hui Shen Ling Zhu Qing-Yun Bu Enamul huq Section of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology and the Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

Ubiquitin-26S proteasome system （UPS） has been shown to play central roles in light and hormone-regulated plant growth and development. Previously, we have shown that MAX2, an F-box protein, positively regulates facets of photomorphogenic development in response to light. However, how MAX2 controls these responses is still unknown. Here, we show that MAX2 oppositely regulates GA and ABA biosynthesis to optimize seed germination in response to light. Dose-response curves showed that max2 seeds are hyposensitive to GA and hypersensitive to ABA in seed ger- mination responses. RT-PCR assays demonstrated that the expression of GA biosynthetic genes is down-regulated, while the expression of GA catabolic genes is up-regulated in the rnax2 seeds compared to wild-type. Interestingly, expression of both ABA biosynthetic and catabolic genes is up-regulated in the max2 seeds compared to wild-type. Treatment with an auxin transport inhibitor, NPA, showed that increased auxin transport in max2 seedlings contributes to the long hypocotyl phenotype under light. Moreover, light-signaling phenotypes are restricted to max2, as the biosynthetic mutants in the strigolactone pathway, max1, max3, and rnax4, did not display any defects in seed germination and seedling de-etiolation compared to wild-type. Taken together, these data suggest that MAX2 modulates multiple hormone pathways to affect photomorphogenesis.

关键词： Arabidopsis F-box protein photomorphogenesis protein degradation strigolactone SCF complex

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Economic reform as a precursor to political reform for development–does China have a model for resource-rich African Muslim countries?

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Economic and Political Studies 2017年第2期5卷 127-157页

作者： Ataul huq Pramanik Department of Economics International Islamic University MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia

Having gone through colonial exploitation for centuries,most of the colonies after independence from the West were confronted with two *** to the free market capitalist system based on power-sharing,some of the newly independent countries opted for an authoritarian model and ended up with unjust/distorted development based on exclusivist *** having rich-resource endowments with less pressure of population,these countries essentially failed to promote inclusive economic institutions to ensure private property and an unbiased system of law which,in turn,would unleash the immense potentials based on incentives,talent and skills highly required for enhancing productivity and *** authoritarian but good governance(GG)under state-led development of East Asian miracle economies,in general,and China,in particular,pursuing the goal of economic modernisation before political reform made spectacular achievements in less than quarter of a *** some of the resource-rich African countries,being unable to remain immune from the vested interest/political lobby groups,failed to make economic reform being promoted by agricultureled development to facilitate political reform *** on the main research question of this paper,it will be argued that the massive economic reform as that of China in terms of agriculture-led development can gradually set the stage for subsequent political *** on the historical evidence of successful authoritarian development model,this paper argues in favour of Chinese style of gradualist development using incentives through empowering the households as well as individuals in materialising their ***,only the effective inclusive institutions as experienced by way of ensuring all sorts of public and private goods can help the resource-rich African Muslim countries to pursue economic prosperity with fair distribution of economic,political and socio-cultural power ***,i

关键词： Economic reform political reform development model governance institution Muslim countries

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Expanding Roles of PIFs in Signal Integration from Multiple Processes

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Molecular Plant 2017年第8期10卷 1035-1046页

作者： Inyup Paik Praveen Kumar Kathare Jeong-II Kim Enamul huq Department of Molecular Biosciences and The Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA Department of Biotechnology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory Chonnam National University Gwangju 61186 Korea These authors contributed equally to this article.

PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs （PIFs） are members of the basic helix-loop-helix （bHLH） family of transcription factors in Arabidopsis. Since their discovery in phytochrome-mediated light signaling pathways, recent studies have unraveled new functions of PIFs in integrating multiple signaling pathways not only through their role as transcription factors directly targeting gene expression but also by interacting with diverse groups of factors to optimize plant growth and development. These include endogenous （e.g., hormonal） as well as abiotic （light, circadian, and elevated temperature） and biotic （defense responses） pathways. PIFs interact with key factors in each of these pathways and tailor the outcome of the signal integration among these pathways. This review discusses the roles of PIFs as pivotal signal integrators in regulating plant growth and development.

关键词： circadian clock growth-defense tradeoff hormone signaling phytochrome-interacting factor ther-momorphogenesis signal integration

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