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Livelihood Factors and Household Strategies for an Unexpected Climate Event in Upland Northern Laos

Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第2期12卷 483-500页

作者： Phanxay INGXAY satoshi YOKOYAMA Isao HIROTA Department of Geography Graduate School of Environmental Studies Nagoya University Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya University

Climate events pose major challenges to food production and the livelihoods of rural inhabitants in northern Laos, where upland rice using swidden production is an important crop. The onset of the rainy season in this area is one such climate event, and it has occurred earlier and with less regularity in recent years. Not all households are able to cope with these changes. This study examines the ability of local farmers to cope with rice insufficiency. This investigation also clarifies household strategies in dealing with the climate event. We randomly interviewed 63 of 95 household heads, and performed a paired sample t test to examine the significance of differences in three household groups between the 2010 normal climate and the 2011 climate event. The groups were categorized according to rice selfsufficiency in 2011: groups I are households with rice self-sufficiency, group II are those facing a rice shortage of up to 3 months, and group III are those with insufficient rice for over 3 months. We also conducted a one-way ANOVA to examine the significance of differences in livelihood strategies among the three groups. We found that the household labor force was the most important factor in enhancing the villagers' ability to deal with the climate event and that the level of impact of that event shaped their coping strategies. Households with substantial labor force had more options for coping strategies than those with smaller ones. The villagers faced different levels of impact and adopted differentcoping strategies accordingly. Non-timber forest product collection was the principle livelihood strategy in response to non-climate factors such as education, access to health services, provision of equipment and clothing, and overcoming the impact of the climate event. Households heavily affected by the early rainy season onset tended to engage in intensive activities such as off-farm activity and outside work, rather than their major livelihood activities in the v

关键词： Climate events Livelihood factors Livelihood change Household strategy Swidden

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Single-site surface-enhanced Raman scattering beyond spectroscopy

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Frontiers of physics 2016年第2期11卷 19-30页

作者： Mai Takas satoshi Yasuda Kei Murakoshi Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan Graduate School of Engineering Muroran Institute of Technology Muroran 050-8585 Japan

Recent progress in the observation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering （SERS） is reviewed to examine the possibility of finding a novel route for the effective photoexcitation of materials. The importance of well-controlled SERS experiments on a single molecule at a single site is discussed based on the difference in the information obtained from ensemble SERS measurements using mul- tiple active sites with an uncontrolled number of molecules. A single-molecule SERS observation performed at a mechanically controllable breaking junction with a simultaneous conductivity mea- surement provides clear evidence of the drastic changes both in the intensity and in the Raman mode selectivity of the electromagnetic field generated by localized surface plasmon resonance. Careful con- trol of the field at a few-nanometer-wide gap of a metal nanodimer results in the modification of the selection rule of electronic excitation of an isolated single-walled carbon nanotube. The examples shown in this review suggest that a single-site SERS observation could be used as a novel tool to find, develop, and implement applications of plasmon-induced photoexcitation of materials.

关键词： surface-enhanced Raman scattering localized surface plasmon resonance metalnanostructure single-molecule observation single-walled carbon nanotube selection rule ofelectronic excitation

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Field observations of debris-flow initiation processes on sediment deposits in a previous deep-seated landslide site

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第2期13卷 213-222页

作者： Fumitoshi IMAIZUMI satoshi TSUCHIYA Okihiro OHSAKA Department of Environment and Forest Resources Science Faculty of AgricultureShizuoka University

Although information regarding the initiation processes of debris flows is important for the development of mitigation measures,field data regarding these processes are *** conducted field observations of debris-flow initiation processes in the upper Ichinosawa catchment of the Ohya landslide,central *** 19 June 2012,our videocamera monitoring systems recorded the moment of debris-flow initiation on channel deposits(nine surges) and talus slopes(eight surges).The initiation mechanisms of these surges were classified into three types by analyzing the video images: erosion by the surface flow,movement of deposits as a mass,and upward development of the fluid *** first type was associated with the progress of surface flow from the upper stream on unsaturated channel *** second type was likely caused by an increase in the pore water pressure associated with the rising in the groundwater level in channel deposits;a continuous water supply from the upper stream by the surface flow might have induced this *** third type was associated with changes in the downstream topography caused by *** flow velocity of most surges was less than 3 m s^(-1) and they usually stopped within 100 m from the initiation *** with abundant pore fluid had a higher flow velocity(about 3- 5 m s^(-1)) and could travel for alonger *** observations indicate that the surface flow plays an important role in the initiation of debris flows on channel deposits and talus slopes.

关键词： Debris flow Initiation zone Field monitoring Ohya landslide

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Effect of manufacturing methods of AgCl/Al_2O_3 catalyst on selective catalytic reduction of NO_x

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第6期23卷 1033-1037页

作者： satoshi Kishida Dong-Ying Ju Hirofumi Aritani Advanced Science Research Laboratory Saitama Institute of Technology 1690 Fusaiji Fukaya 369-0293 Japan Faculty of Engineering Saitama Institute of Technology 1690 Fusaiji Fukaya 369-0293 Japan Department of Life Science & Green Chemistry Saitama Institute of Technology 1690 Fusaiji Fukaya 369-0293 Japan

The AgCl/Al2O3 catalyst has potential for use in the selective catalytic reduction（SCR） of NOx.A compound hydrocarbon,following oxygenation is used as a type of reducing *** this experiment,the AgCl/Al2O3 catalyst was produced by four different methods,and the differences among their reduction catalysis of NOx were *** was used as a type of reducing agent.X-ray diffraction analysis was performed to study the crystalline structure and scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope（TEM） were applied to determine the *** results indicated that,in the range of 350-400℃,there was no significant difference on the NOx reduction rate;however,there was dispersion at high and low temperature *** size of the AgCl particles was about 20-100 nm.

关键词： AgCl/Al2O3 catalytic reduction SCR NOx

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Development of the reactive force field and silicon dry/wet oxidation process modeling

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 676-686页

作者： unichi Noaki satoshi Numazawa Joohyun Jeon Shuntaro Kochi PTCAD-4 Part Process TCAD LabSamsung Device Solutions R&D JapanSamsung Japan Corporation2-7Sugasawa-choTsurumi-kuYokohama 230-0027Japan Computational Science&Engineering Team SAMSUNG ELECTRONICSHwaseong-siGyeonggi-do 18448Korea

We developed the Si/O/H reactive force field parameter set and applied to silicon dry/wet oxidation process to understand the underlying physics of the thermal oxidation of the Si(100)*** a systematic development of the Si/O parameter using the experimental data of the volumes of the SiO_(2) crystal as a reference,we reproduced the same result over the temperature range of 300–1300 *** strategic tunings of parameters related to Si/O/H system,we carried out the simulation comparing the wet-and dry processes.A significant acceleration of the oxide film growth seen in the‘in-situ-steam-generation(ISSG)’is successfully *** properties of our model imply its applicability in wider *** compare our results with those obtained by using parameter set recently developed by other *** the configuration of atoms near the interface of the SiO_(2) film,our model is found to be able to study the role of hydrogen atoms for the ISSG acceleration.

关键词： process acceleration film

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Estimate of the Deposition Profile of Carbon Pellets Using a High-Speed VUV Imaging System in the LHD

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Plasma Science and Technology 2013年第12期15卷 1178-1183页

作者：明廷凤 satoshi OHDACHI Yasuhiro SUZUKI LHD Experiment Group The Graduate University for Advanced Studies 322-60roshi-cho Toki 509-5292 Japan National Institute for Fusion Science 322-60roshi-cho Toki 509-5292 Japan

The deposition profile of the impurity pellet is measured by a two-dimensional fast- framing vacuum ultraviolet （VUV） camera system in the large helical device （LHD）. The fast framing camera selectively measures the emission from the hydrogen-like ions of carbon （C VI） with a frame rate of several kHz. From the emission profile of the hydrogen-like carbon ions, which are in the process of ionization, the initial deposition profile of the carbon is estimated using a simple one-dimensional transport model.

关键词： VUV impurity transport carbon pellet injection LHD

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Abiotic degradation of four phthalic acid esters in aqueous phase under natural sunlight irradiation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第3期21卷 285-290页

作者： Ruttapol Lertsirisopon satoshi Soda Kazunari Sei Michihiko Ike Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamada-okaSuita 565-0871 Osaka Japan

Abiotic degradability of four phthalic acid esters （PAEs） in the aquatic phase was evaluated over a wide pH range 5-9. The PAE solutions in glass test tubes were placed either in the dark and under the natural sunlight irradiation for evaluating the degradation rate via hydrolysis or photolysis plus hydrolysis, respectively, at ambient temperature for 140 d from autumn to winter in Osaka, Japan. The efficiency of abiotic degradation of the PAEs with relatively short alkyl chains, such as butylbenzyl phthalate （BBP） and di-nbutyl phthalate （DBP）, at neutral pH was significantly lower than that in the acidic or alkaline condition. Photolysis was considered to contribute mainly to the total abiotic degradation at all pH. Neither hydrolysis nor photolysis of di-ethylhexyl phthalate （DEHP） proceeded significantly at any pH, especially hydrolysis at neutral pH was negligible. On the other hand, the degradation rate of di- isononyl phthalate （DINP） catalyzed mainly by photolysis was much higher than those of the other PAEs, and was almost completely removed during the experimental period at pH 5 and 9. As a whole, according to the half-life （t1/2） obtained in the experiments, the abiotic degradability of the PAEs was in the sequence： DINP （32-140 d）〉 DBP （50-360 d）, BBP （58-480 d）〉 DEHP （390-1600 d） under sunlight irradiation （via photolysis plus hydrolysis）. Although the abiotic degradation rates for BBP, DBP, and DEHP are much lower than the biodegradation rates reported, the photolysis rate for DINP is comparable to its biodegradation rate in the acidic or alkaline condition.

关键词： phthalic acid esters abiotic degradation photolysis hydrolysis first-order kinetics

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Lenvatinib for large hepatocellular carcinomas with portal trunk invasion:Two case reports

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第12期8卷 2574-2584页

作者： satoshi Komiyama Kazushi Numata satoshi Moriya Hiroyuki Fukuda Makoto Chuma Shin Maeda Gastroenterological Center Yokohama City University Medical CenterYokohamaKanagawa 2320024Japan Department of Gastroenterology Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaKanagawa 2360004Japan

BACKGROUND In a phase III trial of lenvatinib as first-line treatment for advanced unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(uHCC),the drug proved non-inferior to sorafenib in terms of the overall survival,but offered better progression-free ***,the effects of lenvatinib in uHCC patients with a tumor thrombus in the main portal vein and/or a high tumor burden(tumor occupancy more than 50%of the total liver volume),remain unclear,because these were set as exclusion criteria in the aforementioned *** SUMMARY A 53-year-old man(case 1)and 66-year-old woman(case 2)with uHCC presented to us with a tumor thrombus in both the main portal vein and inferior vena cava,a high tumor burden accompanied by a tumor diameter greater than>100 mm,and distant metastasis,with the residual liver function classified as grade 2A according to the modified Albumin–Bilirubin *** started both patients on *** therapeutic effect,as evaluated by the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors,was rated as partial response in both case 1 and case 2(at 8 wk and 4 wk after the start of lenvatinib administration,respectively).The therapeutic effect was sustained for 6 mo in case 1 and 20 mo in case *** occurred as an adverse event in both case 1 and 2,and hyperthyroidism and thrombocytopenia in only case 2,neither of which,however,necessitated treatment *** Even in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with poor prognostic factors,if the liver function is well-preserved,lenvatinib is effective and safe.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Lenvatinib Modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Main portal vein tumor thrombus High tumor burden Case report

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Synthesis of brookite-typed titania from titanium chloride solution

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第1期52卷 190-192页

作者： satoshi OKANO Saeki YAMAMURO Toshiro TANAKA Ehime University Matsuyama Ehime

The brookite-phase TiO{in2} was prepared by a hydrothermal synthesis of titanium chloride solution. The thermolysis time and the pH value of the solution were controlled during the synthesis. X-ray diffraction experiments showed that TiO{in2} powders partially containing the brookite-phase were successfully obtained. A great amount of OH{su\t-} in the reaction solution was found to be important to obtain the brookite phase because the intermediate complex leading to the brookite phase consumes more OH{su\t-} than other phases like the rutile.

关键词： brookite phase titanium chloride solution hydrothermal synthesis

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Buckling Analysis of TF Coil Inner Leg for Central Solenoidless Tokamak

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Plasma Science and Technology 2006年第4期8卷 468-472页

作者：宋云涛杨庆喜 satoshi NISHIO Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Department of Fusion Plasma Research Japan Atomic Energy Research InstituteNaka-machiNaka-gunIbaraki-ken 311-0193Japan

The central post is one of the critical components for the low aspect ratio tokamak, which endures not only a tremendous ohmic heating because it carries a rather high current, but also a large neutron heating and irradiation owing to the plasma operation. The DS copper alloy Glidcop AL-25[8] was chosen as the conductor material for its adequate mechanical properties and physics properties. The central post has a cylindrical structure with lots of cooling channels. The length of the central post for the next generation of nuclear fusion spherical tokamaks will be more than 10 m or 20 m. The structural stability is very crucial. When the applied load is larger than the structure critical buckling load, the device will lose its stability and collapse. In order to calculate the critical buckling load, a 1/6-segment finite element model was used and the force acting on the central post was simulated. The results showed that the vertical compressive stresses mainly affect the stability of the central post. The linear buckling analysis results with finite element method based on small deformation theory were given in this paper. The relation curves and functions for buckling factor, depending on the different lengths and the radius of the central post, the diameter of cooling channel and the maximum allowable current density, were also shown.

关键词： low aspect ratio tokamak toroidal field coil central post buckling analysis

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