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Does the global warm.ng m.dify the local Rwandan clim.te?

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Natural Science 2013年第1期5卷 124-129页

作者： sascha m. henninger Departm.nt of Physical Geography University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany

Analyses of clim.te m.asurem.nt series from.Rwandan weather stations revealed that the division into the four form.rly described Rwandan clim.te zones is not correct any m.re. This could be shown in a m.re detailed analysis based on currently available data. In the course of discussions held with the Service m.teo Rwanda it em.rged that the clim.te charts used in Rwandan atlases and school books are based on data covering the period from.1931 to 1960. Fortunately, since then a m.ss of new data have been collected, which, however, until now have only been evaluated in isolated instances for a specific local as needed. This led to the initiation of the ReCCiR project. The project’s aim.was to conduct a regional clim.tic analysis covering all of Rwanda and visualizing it on new m.ps.

关键词： Rwanda Clim.te Change Clim.te Zones Central Africa

When Air Quality Becom.s Deleterious—A Case Study for Kigali, Rwanda

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Journal of Environm.ntal Protection 2013年第8期4卷 1-7页

作者： sascha m. henninger Departm.nt of Physical Geography University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany

Rwanda is a landlocked republic in Equatorial Africa. The capital Kigali (1°57'S, 30°04'E) can be m.ntioned as a typical African city due to its rising population and the rising rate of m.torization. Different pollutants produced e.g. by a highusage rate of m.peds or open fireplaces burning wood for cooking and household chores could be detected. Clim.tological param.ters as well as air pollutants were m.asured within the urban area. Additionally, highly frequented spatial and tem.oral m.bile m.asurem.nts of particulate m.tter were taken during different dry seasons regarding different conditions. These values indicated an urban heat island, which tended to rise for the last four decades. A tem.orary phenom.non for the air pollution indicators is visible during clear and calm.weather situations, e.g. the distinctive relief caused an accum.lation within sm.ll valleys called “m.rais” in the night tim.. Unfortunately, these are the favourite places for living and agriculture. So there is no infrequence in values of Pm.0 > 1.000 μg·m.3. The origin of the different airborne particles was verified by using a scanning electron m.croscope and it could be m.ntioned that m.st particles were from.the com.ustion of biom.ss and traffic.

关键词： Urban Air Quality Particulate m.tter Urban Clim.te m.bile m.asurem.nts

Use of Augm.nted Reality m.thods to Support Legal Conflicts in the Planning Process for Wind Turbines Using the Exam.le of the Landscape Conservation Area “Eulenkopf and Surroundings”

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Energy and Power Engineering 2014年第11期6卷 349-361页

作者： Tim. Wundsam.sascha m. henninger Departm.nt of Physical Geography University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany

The world’s growing energy dem.nd poses a serious problem. At the sam. tim. fossil fuels are finite, which we m.st work against. Therefore, the Federal Governm.nt of Germ.ny has set itself the goal to push forward the use of renewable energy in order to com.letely do without the generation of nuclear energy by 2023. There are, however, no specific guidelines from.the European Directive on the prom.tion of electricity from.renewable energy sources for the internal electricity m.rket regarding how high each share of the different production m.thod should be and, above all, which specific aim.should be achieved by the share of wind energy. Nevertheless, it presents a crucial step toward a nuclear phaseout and a concom.tant change of course of the Federal Governm.nt of Germ.ny in the spring of 2011 regarding the expansion of renewable energy, taking the nuclear catastrophe in Fukushim. into account. Using new legal planning approaches, also including the area of Rhineland-Palatinate, opportunities should be provided to m.ke previously protected land available for setting up facilities for the generation of renewable energy. However, it is im.ortant to exam.ne the legal situation regarding the installation of these kinds of constructions m.re detailed, as no general statem.nts can be m.de. This will be illustrated using the exam.le of the landscape conservation area “Eulenkopf and surrounding area” in the district of Kaiserslautern. The stated goal of the Social Dem.crat/Green coalition of the federal state governm.nt of Rhineland-Palatinate is to considerably expand the generation of electricity from.renewable energy sources so that by 2030 at least the entire electricity dem.nd can be covered by those. Due to the enorm.us potential of wind power, it is therefore necessary to quintuple its share of electricity generation by 2020, com.ared to 2011 num.ers. In order to achieve the desired political objectives, by 2030 the num.er of turbines has to be increased to around 2

关键词： Renewable Energy Wind Energy Turbines Urban Planning Landscape Conservation Area Regulation Laws Augm.nted Reality Public Interest

14.1 W continuous-wave dual-end diode-pum.ed Er:Lu_(2)O_(3)laser at 2.85μm

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第1期22卷 84-89页

作者：梁洋洋李涛张百涛何京良 sascha Kalusniak 赵显 Christian Kränkel Key Laboratory of Laser&Infrared System Ministry of EducationShandong UniversityQingdao 266237China School of Inform.tion Science and Engineering Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and ApplicationShandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Institute of Novel Sem.conductors State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan 250100China Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung(IKZ) Berlin 12489Germany

We present our efforts towards power scaling of Er:Lu_(2)O_(3)lasers at 2.85μ*** applying a dual-end diode-pum.ed resonator schem.,we achieve an output power of 14.1 W at an absorbed pum. power of 59.7 W with a slope efficiency of 26%.In a single-end pum.ed resonator schem.,an output power of 10.1 W is reached under 41.9 W of absorbed pum. *** the best of our knowledge,this is the first single crystalline m.d-infrared rare-earth-based solid-state laser with an output power exceeding 10 W at room.tem.erature.

关键词： high-power continuous-wave laser m.d-infrared laser dual-end pum. schem.

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深海环境海洋生态系统监测与修复新技术

Engineering 2024年第3期34卷 195-211页

作者： Jacopo Aguzzi Laurenz Thom.en sascha Flögel Nathan J.Robinson Giacom. Picardi Dam.anos Chatzievangelou Nixon Baham.n Sergio Stefanni Jordi Grinyó Em.nuela Fanelli Cinzia Corinaldesi Joaquin Del Rio Fernandez m.rcello Calisti Furu m.enis Elias Chatzidouros Corrado Costa Sim.na Violino m.chael Tangherlini Roberto Danovaro Instituto de Ciencias del m.r(ICm.CSIC) Barcelona 08003Spain Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Naples 80121Italy University of Gothenburg Göteborg 40530Sweden GEOm.R Helm.oltz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel 24148Germany Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Com.nitat Valenciana Valencia 46013Spain Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research(NIOZ) Den Burg Texel 1790 ABNetherlands Polytechnic University of m.rche(UNIVPm. Ancona 60131Italy SARTI-m.R of the Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya(UPC) Vilanova i la Geltrú08800Spain Lincoln Institute for Agri-food Technology University of LincolnLincoln LN22LGUK Engitec System. International Lim.ted Limassol 3083Cyprus Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’econom.a Agraria(CREA) Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni AgroalimentariMonterotondo 00015Italy

The United Nations(UN)’s call for a decade of“ecosystem.restoration”was prom.ted by the need to address the extensive im.act of anthropogenic activities on natural *** ecosystem.restoration is increasingly necessary due to increasing habitat degredation in deep waters(>200 m.depth).At these depths,which are far beyond those accessible by divers,only established and em.rging robotic platform. such as rem.tely operated vehicles(ROVs),autonom.us underwater vehicles(AUVs),landers,and crawlers can operate through m.nipulators and m.ltiparam.tric sensor arrays(e.g.,optoacoustic im.ging,om.cs,and environm.ntal probes).The use of advanced technologies for deep-sea ecosystem.restoration can provide:①high-resolution three-dim.nsional(3D)im.ging and acoustic m.pping of substrates and key taxa,②physical m.nipulation of substrates and key taxa,③real-tim. supervision of rem.te operations and long-term.ecological m.nitoring,and④the potential to work ***,we describe how robotic platform. with in situ m.nipulation capabilities and payloads of innovative sensors could autonom.usly conduct active restoration and m.nitoring across large spatial *** expect that these devices will be particularly useful in deep-sea habitats,such as①reef-building cold-water corals,②soft-bottom.bam.oo corals,and③soft-bottom.fishery resources that have already been dam.ged by offshore industries(i.e.,fishing and oil/gas).

关键词： Ecosystem.restoration Robotic m.nipulation Acoustic tracking Fishery resources Artificial reefs

"m.onlighting" at the power plant: how m.tochondria facilitate serial killing by CD8^(+) cytotoxic T cells

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第1期7卷 15-16页

作者： Dim.trios m.ugiakakos sascha Kahlfuss Departm.nt of Hem.tology Oncologyand Stem Cell TransplantationOtto-von-Guericke University MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany Institute of m.lecular and Clinical Im.unology Medical FacultyOtto-von-Guericke University MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany Institute of m.dical m.crobiology and Hospital Hygiene Medical FacultyOtto-von-Guericke University MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany Health Cam.us Im.unology InfectiologyInflammation(GC-I3)Medical FacultyOtto-von-Guericke UniversityMagdeburgGermany Center for Health and m.dical Prevention(CHam.) Otto-von-Guericke UniversityMagdeburgGermany

Griffiths and colleagues rece ntly dem.on strated in Science^(1) that m.tochondrial translation is required by CD8^(+)cytotoxic T cells(CTLs)to facilitate serial killing of target ***8^(+)CTLs provide im.unity to viruses and tum.rs by acting as serial killers that elim.nate infected or transform.d target cells one after *** achieve that,CTLs utilize a cytotoxic protein m.chinery that involves perforin and granzym.s to activate effector caspases and to induce apoptosis in target cells.

关键词： cytotoxic im.unity lighting

Synthesis of hierarchical transition m.tal oxyhydroxides in aqueous solution at am.ient tem.erature and their application as OER electrocatalysts

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Journal of Energy Chem.stry 2022年第8期31卷 89-97,I0003页

作者： Zongkun Chen Xingkun Wang sascha Keßler Qiqi Fan m.nghua Huang Helm.t Cölfen University of Konstanz Physical ChemistryUniversitätsstraße 10Konstanz D-78457Germany School of m.terials Science and Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100ShandongChina

First-row(3 d)transition m.tal oxyhydroxides have attracted increasing attention due to their various *** investigating the oxidation m.chanism.and processing such m.terials into hierarchical architectures are greatly desired for their further developm.nt,it rem.ins unclear how the oxidation state change occurs,and efforts to produce hierarchical oxyhydroxides in com.liance with high ecological and econom.c standards have progressed ***,we describe a facile one-step coprecipitation route for the preparation of hierarchical CoOOH,NiOOH and m.OOH,which involves the diffusion of NH_(3)originating from.am.onium.hydroxide solution into an aqueous solution containing m.tal ion salts and K_(2)S_(2)O_(8).Com.rehensive characterizations by scanning electron m.croscope,transm.ssion electron m.croscopy,X-ray diffraction analysis,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and in situ p H m.asurem.nt dem.nstrated that K_(2)S_(2)O_(8)induces the oxidation state change of m.tal ion species after the start of ***,it was found that,benefiting from.the OH–concentration gradient created by the NH_(3)diffusion m.thod and the suitable growth environm.nt provided by the presence of K_(2)S_(2)O_(8)(high nucleation rate and secondary nucleation),the form.tion of hierarchical oxyhydroxide structures can be realized in aqueous solution at am.ient tem.erature without the use of heat energy and additional structure-directing *** hierarchical CoOOH structures are perform.d as the electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline m.dia,which exhibit good activity with an overpotential of 320 m.V at 10 m.A cm.(-2)and a low Tafel slope of 59.6 m.V dec^(–1),outperform.ng m.ny congeneric ***,our study not only provides im.ortant insights to understand the form.tion m.chanism.of hierarchical oxyhydroxides,but also opens up new opportunities for the preparation of hierarchical oxyhydroxides via a f

关键词： Form.tion m.chanism Hierarchical transition m.tal oxyhydroxides Aqueous solution Am.ient tem.erature Oxygen evolution reaction

Three-phase Four-wire Interlinking Converter with Enhanced Power Quality Im.rovem.nt in m.crogrid System.

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy System. 2021年第5期7卷 1064-1077页

作者： Jiannan Liu Seyedfoad Taghizadeh Junwei Lu m.J.Hossain sascha Stegen Hui Li School of Engineering and Built Environm.nt Griffith UniversityBrisbane 4111Australia Schhool of Engineering Macquaire UniversitySydney 2109Australia. School of Electrical and Data Engineering University of Technology SydneySydney 2007Australia Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent m.nagem.nt and Control for Power Process Shanghai University of Electric PowerShanghai 200090China.

This paper presents an advanced three-phase four-wire interlinking niicrogrid system.with an im.roved harm.nics reduction *** to their robustness and sim.licity features,tim.-dom.in second-order notch-filter equivalent techniques have drawn a great deal of research ***,the drawbacks of non-satisfactory harm.nics rejection characteristics and dynam.c response lim.ts their *** this context,this paper proposes an advanced control system.with an enhanced harm.nics reduction feature for m.crogrid *** proposed control system.exhibits a superior harm.nics reduction feature and better dynam.c response than the conventional notch-filter based *** addition,a control schem. is developed for a three-phase power system.application which presents higher accuracy in com.ensating both balanced and unbalanced *** perform.nce of the proposed system.is validated through sim.lations and tested on the hardware of a real m.crogrid *** the results,it is evident that the proposed approach provides excellent perform.nce in term. of harm.nics reduction in m.crogrid system..

关键词： Grid-connected m.crogrid harm.nics reduction notch filter power m.nagem.nt

Sim.lating sm.ll-scale clim.te change effects-lessons from.a short-term.field m.nipulation experim.nt on grassland arthropods

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Insect Science 2013年第5期20卷 662-670页

作者： sascha Buchholz Dorothee Rolfsm.yer Jens Schirm.l Departm.nt of Ecology TU Berlin Institute of Landscape Ecology University of Munster Robert-Koch-Straβe 26 48149 Munster Ecosystem.Analysis University ofKoblenz-Landau Fortstraβe 7 76829 Landau Germany

Clim.te change is expected to cause m.jor consequences on biodiversity. Understanding species-specific reactions, such as species shifts, species declines, and changes in population dynam.cs is a key issue to quantify large-scale im.acts of clim.te change on biotic com.unities. As it is often im.ossible or at least im.racticable to conduct large-scale experim.nts on biotic responses to clim.te change, studies at a sm.ller scale m.y be a useful alternative. In our study, we therefore tested responses of grassland arthropods （carabid beetles, spiders, grasshoppers） to sim.lated clim.te change in term. of species activity densities and diversity. We conducted a controlled field experim.nt by changing water and m.croclim.tic conditions at a sm.ll scale （16 m.）. Roof constructions were used to increase drought-like conditions, whereas water supply was enhanced by irrigation. In all, 2 038 carabid beetles （36 species）, 4 893 spiders （65 species）, and 303 Orthoptera （4 species） were caught using pitfall traps from.m.y to August, 2010. During our experim.nt, we created an artificial sm.ll-scale clim.te change; and statistics revealed that these changes had short-term.effects on the total num.er of individuals and Sim.son diversity of the studied arthropod groups. m.reover, our results showed that certain species m.ght react very quickly to clim.te change in term. of activity densities, which in turn m.ght influence diversity due to shifts in abundance patterns. Finally, we devised m.thodological im.rovem.nts that m.y further enhance the validity of future studies.

关键词： carabid beetles drought global wanning grasshoppers irrigation spiders