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Understanding human-leopard conflict in the ‘Mid-hill’ region of western Nepal

Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第12期20卷 3464-3475页

作者： LAMICHHANE saroj THAPA Arjun THAPA Mahendra Singh panthi saroj GIORDANO Anthony J School of Forestry and Natural Resources Management Institute of ForestryKirtipur 44613Nepal Institute of Fundamental Research and Studies(InFeRS) Baniyatar 44608Nepal Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institute of Forestry Office of DeanKirtipur 44613Nepal Ministry of Industry TourismForest and EnvironmentKaski 33700Nepal SPECIES-The Society for the Preservation of Endangered Carnivores and their International Ecology Study VenturaCA 93006USA

Livestock rearing and agriculture are the main sources of community-based livelihoods in western *** the rural mid-hills region of Gandaki Province,leopards are the top predator and frequently depredate livestock and attack *** patterns of human-leopard conflicts(HLC) in Nepal are poorly known at the provincial and national scales,which are essential to formulating effective conflict mitigation strategies and implementing them in the *** study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal pattern of HLC by applying Maxent modeling to covariates relating to known and registered conflict cases(n=842) collected from Nepalese government *** found that cases of HLC have been increasing significantly over the past five *** also concluded that mid-elevation,south-facing slopes were more susceptible to HLC,but that mean annual temperature was by far the most important predictor of HLC;overall livestock density and proximity to roads were also important,but secondarily *** we found the increase in human fatalities to 2.16/year was significant(p0.05).However,we also found an increasing trend in livestock depredation rates for this same five-year period(p<0.05),which averaged 159.6 head/year among incidents *** also found that winter was the main season when depredations occurred,and that goats were the most depredated of all livestock.A total US $86,892.25($17,378.45/year) of economic losses were incurred by communities during this time,with 78.57% of the total value reimbursed as compensatory relief through the government’s relief *** recommend that the use of predator-proof livestock corrals,greater awareness in local communities about wildlife behavior,better animal husbandry and security practices,and a more efficient compensation program,can improve coexistence between leopard populations and human communities in western Nepal.

关键词： Coexistence Compensation Economic loss Human-wildlife conflict Livestock depredation Maximum entropy Problem animals Sustainable livelihood

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Niche breadth and overlap of spotted deer and domestic cattle with swamp deer in tropical region of Nepal

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 238-247页

作者： Siddhartha Regmi Bijaya Neupane Bijaya Dhami Deepak Gautam saroj panthi Megharaj Poudel Institute of Forestry Tribhuvan University44107 HetaudaNepal Institute of Forestry Tribhuvan University33700 PokharaNepal School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Ministry of Forest Environment and Soil ConservationPokhara 33700GandakiNepal Ministry of Forests and Environment Forest Research and Training CenterKathmandu 44600Nepal Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry University of Helsinki00014 HelsinkiFinland

Background:Knowledge about the niche overlap among wild species and domestic cattle is helpful to conserve and manage *** assessed the habitat niche breadth and overlap of sympatrically living spotted deer(Axis axis)and domestic cattle with swamp deer(Cervus duvaucelii)in Shuklaphanta National Park,Nepal during the dry season to explore the possibility of interspecific competition by studying the habitat use by these *** assumption was made that the presence of pellets is proof of habitat used by ***:Grids of 2 km×2 km have four subgrids,each with four sample plots,making a total of 16 plots(20 m×20 m)in each *** size of each sub-grid was 200 m×200 m and they were placed randomly inside the grid but at least 1 km apart from one *** data was collected in a 96 plots in ***’s niche breadth and Morisita’s overlap index were calculated to determine the niche breadth and the habitat overlap,***:The Levin’s measure of niche breadth suggested that spotted deer had the highest acclimatization with an index value of 0.94,followed by domestic cattle at 0.50,and swamp deer at 0.33 in our study ***,our findings supported the evidence that spotted deer are habitat generalists,whereas swamp deer are habitat *** swamp deer had lower niche breadth and more overlap with domestic ***:Our study showed the least niche breadth of swamp deer in comparison to spotted deer and domestic *** domestic cattle had the highest and least niche overlap with spotted deer and swamp deer,respectively,in terms of habitat *** study suggests that domestic cattle grazing should be stopped,and grassland management should be carried out for the benefit of *** studies should be conducted,including different seasons and places,prior to appropriate habitat *** addition,further studies are needed to quantify the extent of interspecific competition by incorporating more species.

关键词： Generalist Levin’s niche breadth Morisita’s overlap index Spatial overlap Habitat specialist

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An Assessment of Yarsagumba(Ophiocordyceps sinensis) Collection in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第2期11卷 555-562页

作者： Barna Bahadur THAPA saroj panthi Rajesh Kumar RAI Uttam Babu SHRESTHA Achyut ARYAL Sabina SHRESTHA Bhushan SHRESTHA Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Babar Mahal Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Baglung Station Green Governance Nepal Department of Biology University of Massachusetts Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences Massey University Graduate School of Biotechnology Institute of Life Sciences and Resources Kyung Hee University Green Energy Mission/Nepal Ghatte Kulo Anam Nagar Mushroom Research Division National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science Rural Development Administration

Yarsagumba(Ophiocordyceps sinensis), an endemic species to the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, is one of the most valuable medicinal mushrooms in the world. In Nepal, it is distributed largely in isolated patches of alpine grasslands of 3,000-5,000 m elevation. Although it is reported from 27 northernmost districts of Nepal, the local distribution pattern of this species is largely ***, the collection system and local management regime of this species are not well documented. We conducted a field survey at Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve(DHR) among the different stakeholders in January-June 2012 to assess collection sites, patterns and trends and to understand the management regime. We estimated that about 75 kg of Yarsagumba is collected every year from DHR and the amount has been declining since 2008. To manage the resource, locals have initiated regulating the collection by issuing permits, taxing to the collectors, and monitoring the activities of harvesters with the help of park authorities. The revenue generated at local level from the permits has been used for community developmental activities.

关键词： Chinese caterpillar fungus Medicinal fungus Himalayan gold Conservation Yartsagunbu

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Birds of Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Nepal

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Open Journal of Forestry 2013年第4期3卷 109-114页

作者： saroj panthi Sher Singh Thagunna Department of National Park and Wildlife Conservation Api-Nampa Conservation Area Darchula Nepal Department of National Park and Wildlife Conservation Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Baglung Nepal

Nepal is rich in bird diversity and recorded 871 bird species. Our study aimed to update bird diversity of Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve (DHR) of Nepal which is an Important Birds Area (IBA) out of 27 IBAs of Nepal. One hundred forty nine species of birds were recorded in DHR;out of them Catreus wallichii was globally threatened bird which has faced different anthropogenic problem. Twelve species of birds were included in CITIES Appendices and 3 species were nationally threatened. Most of the species of order Passeriformis were recorded. Only one species of order Upupiformes i.e. Upupa epops was recorded during the study.

关键词： Bird Checklist Threatened Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve

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Status of Wetland in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Nepal

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Open Journal of Ecology 2014年第5期4卷 245-252页

作者： saroj panthi Maheshwar Dhakal Sher Singh Thagunna Barna Bahadur Thapa Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Api Nampa Conservation Area Darchula Nepal Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Kathmandu Nepal

Wetland means the surface of the earth that is permanently or seasonally or partially covered with water. Wetlands are most productive areas for biodiversity and local livelihood support. Nepal ratified Ramsar convention in 1987 and started to include the wetland in Ramsar site and till now nine wetland sites are included in Ramsar site. There are still lacking systematic research and conservation approach for these wetlands;therefore, our study attempted to assess the status of wetlands in the Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Nepal;and explored threats and conservation challenges. We prepared list of streams and lakes and collected detail information regarding area, district, block, elevation and cultural as well as ecological importance of lakes. We recorded total 11 lakes with total 304477 m2 areas. The Sundaha lake is largest lake of the reserve having significant religious importance. We also recorded 7 streams in the reserve. Wetlands of the reserve were facing problem of sedimentation, pollution, and change in climate has also effects on these wetland ecosystem and their importance.

关键词： Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve High Altitude Lake Wetland

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Distribution and Habitat Preference of Red Panda (<i>Ailurus fulgens fulgens</i>) in Jumla District, Nepal

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Open Journal of Ecology 2014年第15期4卷 989-1001页

作者： Manoj Bhatta Karan Bahadur Shah Bhupendra Devkota Rajiv Paudel saroj panthi Amrit Science Campus Kathmandu Nepal Natural History Museum Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal College of Applied Science Kathmandu Nepal Winrock International Lalitpur Nepal Department of Forests District Forest Office Darchula Nepal

Reliable and sufficient information regarding status, distribution and habitat preference of red panda (Ailurus fulgens fulgens) is lacking in Nepal. The research activities on red panda in the mid-western Nepal are very limited, so the status of red panda in the region is quite unknown. The study conducted during May, 2013 in three Village Development Committees (VDCs) namely Godhemahadev, Malikathata and Tamti of Jumla district was an important step for providing vital information including distribution and habitat preference of this species. The study included the reconnaissance, key informants survey, interviews and consultation for the most potential area identification, opportunistic survey comprising the direct observation and indirect sign count method for the presence and distribution, habitat assessment consisting vegetation sampling and ocular estimation. The study revealed the presence of red panda in three forests namely Bahirepatan, Imilchadamar and Tyakot of Godhemahadev, Tamti and Malikathata VDCs respectively. The species was found distributed between 2880 and 3244 m with an average dropping encounter rate of 1.04 per hour of searching effort and 12 pellets per dropping. Red panda mostly preferred the habitat in the elevation range of 2900 - 3000 m with southwest facing steep slopes (36? - 45?), associated with water sources at the distance of ≤100 m. Trees such as Acer spp., Betula utilis and Quercus semecarpifolia, shrub species of Elaeagnus parvifolia, Drepanostachyum spp. and Jasminum humile, and the herbs like Polygonatum cirrhifolium, Fragaria nubicola and Galium asperifolium were found to be the most preferred species by red panda. The red panda preferred the habitat with dense crown coverage (>20% - 100%) and 31% - 50% ground cover. Fallen logs (39%) were the most preferred substrate used for defecation.

关键词： Distribution Habitat Preference Jumla Red Panda Sign

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尼泊尔卡纳利省药用和芳香植物对国内生产总值的贡献

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2023年第5期14卷 1104-1112页

作者： Kamal Raj ARYAL Anup GURUNG Prabin PAUDEL Rajendra Kumar BASUKALA Shiva PARIYAR Arjun THAPA Hikmat Kumar SHAHI Ganga SHAH saroj panthi 卡纳利省森林研究和培训中心苏尔赫特21700尼泊尔国立康源大学生物环境学系江原道春川市24341韩国甘达基省森林、环境和土壤保护部博卡拉33700尼泊尔甘达基省森林局博卡拉33700尼泊尔加德满都Balkhu小型哺乳动物保护和研究基金会加德满都44618尼泊尔苏尔赫特中西部大学苏尔赫特21700尼泊尔

自古以来,药用和芳香植物(MAPs)在尼泊尔就被广泛种植并用于医疗保健和治疗实践,在尼泊尔社区拥有很重要的文化、宗教和经济价值。近年来,MAPs部门在尼泊尔尤其是喜马拉雅山区是一个不断发展的商业部门,为低收入人群提供生计机会。本研... 详细信息

自古以来,药用和芳香植物(MAPs)在尼泊尔就被广泛种植并用于医疗保健和治疗实践,在尼泊尔社区拥有很重要的文化、宗教和经济价值。近年来,MAPs部门在尼泊尔尤其是喜马拉雅山区是一个不断发展的商业部门,为低收入人群提供生计机会。本研究评估了MAPs对尼泊尔卡纳利省国内生产总值(GDP)的贡献。卡纳利省共鉴定出58种MAPs。人们发现,这些一年生、两双年生和多年生植物的各个部分都可被用作药物、香水和食品。在2019/2020财年,卡纳利省的MAP产生的经济产出为1607.38亿尼泊尔卢比(13.9亿美元),相当于卡纳利省GDP的1.03%,相当于全国GDP的0.02%。然而,调查结果显示,由于未纳入药用植物的民族植物学用途,目前的GDP估算低估了MAPs部门对国家GDP的贡献,如果将人们从这一部门获得的所有收入和环境利益都体现在国民账户体系中,进行估价和记录,那么MAPs的GDP将远远高于本研究中的估算值。我们得出结论,MAPs对卡纳利省和尼泊尔的GDP有合理的贡献。

关键词：非木材林产品税费贸易尼泊尔

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