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ecogeomorphic Feedbacks in Semiarid Rangelands:A Review

Pedosphere 2009年第2期19卷 217-229页

作者： I.STAVI H.LAVee e.D.UNGAR P.sarah Laboratory of Soil and Geomorphology Department of Geography and EnvironmentBar Ilan UniversityRamat Gan 52900(Israel) Department of Agronomy and Natural Resources Institute of Plant SciencesAgricultural Research Organizationthe Volcani CenterBet Dagan 50250(Israel)

The ecogeomorphic processes occurring on semiarid rangelands are reviewed, with emphasis on the source-sink relations and positive feedback loops that existed between shrub patches and intershrub areas, and the way livestock presence affected these interactions. Compared with intershrub areas, the shrub patches had a higher soil porosity, infiltration capacity, water-holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity, structural stability, and organic matter content, and lower bulk density. These differences derived from a host of processes whose intensity was less in the shrub patches, including raindrop impact, mechanical crust formation, overland water flow, soil erosion, evaporative moisture loss, and flock trampling. There was also greater shading of the soil surface; soil and litter deposition; water accumulation; microbial, fungal, and mesofaunal activities in the shrub patches. The overland flow of water carried soil and litter from the intershrub areas to the shrub patches and resulted in microtopographic modifications that tended to strengthen these source-sink relations. Grazing had an impact on these processes, not only at the shrub-intershrub scale but also within the intershrub areas, through the creation of highly compacted trampling routes. The combined role of the above ecogeomorphic processes was to maintain the rangeland＇s functionality. Without these inter-relationships, water loss, soil erosion, and nutrient depletion would occur at the hillside scale, causing degradation of the landscape.

关键词： intershrub areas shrubs soil resources trampling routes

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Poor maternal nutrition inhibits muscle development in ovine offspring

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第1期6卷 79-89页

作者： sarah A Reed Joseline S Raja Maria L Hoffman Steven A Zinn Kristen e Govoni Department of Animal Science University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA

Background： Maternal over and restricted nutrition has negative consequences on the muscle of offspring by reducing muscle fiber number and altering regulators of muscle growth. To determine if over and restricted maternal nutrition affected muscle growth and gene fed 60%, 100% or 140% of National Research Council and protein expression in offspring, 36 pregnant ewes were requirements from d 31 ＋ 1,3 of gestation until parturition. Lambs from control-fed （CON）, restricted-fed （ReS） or over-fed （OVeR） ewes were necropsied within 1 d of birth （n = 18） or maintained on a control diet for 3 mo （n = ] 5）. Semitendinosus muscle was collected for immunohistochemistry, and protein and gene expression analysis. Results： Compared with CON, muscle fiber cross-sectional area （CSA） increased in ReS （58%） and OVeR （47%） lambs at 1 d of age （P〈 0.01）; however at 3 mo, CSA decreased 15% and 17% compared with CON, respectively （P 〈 0.01）. Compared with CON, muscle lipid content was increased in OVeR （212.4%） and ReS （92.5%） at d 1 （P 〈 0.0001）. Muscle lipid content was increased 36.1% in OVeR and decreased 23.6% in ReS compared with CON at 3 mo （P 〈 0.0001）. At d 1, myostatin mRNA abundance in whole muscle tended to be greater in OVeR （P = 0.07） than CON. Follistatin mRNA abundance increased in OVeR （P = 0.04） and tended to increase in ReS （P = 0.06） compared with CON at d 1. However, there was no difference in myostatin or follistatin protein expression （P 〉 0.3）. Phosphorylated Akt （ser473） was increased in ReS at 3 mo compared with CON （P = 0.006）. Conclusions： In conclusion, maternal over and restricted nutrient intake alters muscle lipid content and growth of offspring, possibly through altered gene and protein expression.

关键词： Growth Maternal nutrition Muscle development Sheep

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Inscribing the core memories of killers

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第2期16卷 104-105页

作者： sarah J.Dulson Laurie e.Harrington Allan J.Zajac Department of Cell Developmentaland Integrative BiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294United States Department of Microbiology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294United States

Recent studies on natural killer(NK)cells have challenged the dogma that immunological memory is a phenomenon restricted to the adaptive immune *** interactions between the NK cell receptor Ly49H and the murine cytomegalovirus virus(MCMV)-encoded glycoprotein m157 result in selective expansion of the Ly49H+NK cell subpopulation and the establishment of a long-lived memory-like population.1–3 Further,memory NK cells show augmented IFNγresponses,and transfer of the memory population into naive mice confers enhanced protection against infection-induced mortality.1 These observations along with cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion functions that overlap with CD8 T cells have led to the description of NK cells as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems.

关键词： killer mortality cytotoxicity

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Long-term physical,mental and social health effects of COVID-19 in the pediatric population:a scoping review

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第3期18卷 149-159页

作者： Madeline Borel Luyu Xie Olivia Kapera Adrian Mihalcea Jeffrey Kahn sarah e.Messiah School of Public Health University of Texas Health Science CenterDallas Campus2777 N Stemmons FwyDallasTX 75207USA Center for Pediatric Population Health University of Texas Health School of Public Health and Children’s Health System of TexasDallasTXUSA School of Public Health University of Texas Health Science CenterAustin CampusAustinTXUSA School of Public Health University of Texas Health Science CenterHouston CampusHoustonTXUSA Department of Pediatrics University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA Children’s Health System of Texas DallasTXUSA

Background The majority of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)symptom presentations in adults and children appear to run their course within a couple of ***,a subgroup of adults has started to emerge with effects lasting several months or more after initial infection,which raises questions about the long-term physical,mental and social health effects of COVID-19 in the pediatric *** purpose of this review was to determine these impacts well into the second year of the *** A search was conducted using PubMed,Web of Science,Science Direct,and Cochrane between 11/1/2019 and 9/1/*** inclusion criteria were as follows:(1)COVID-19 illness and symptoms in children;(2)severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in children;(3)english language;and(4)human studies *** The few studies that have documented long-term physical symptoms in children show that fatigue,difficulty in concentrating(brain fog),sleep disturbances,and sensory problems are the most reported *** studies examining the impact of COVID-19 in pediatric populations have focused on initial clinical presentation,and symptoms,which are similar to those in adult *** addition,COVID-19 has had a moderate impact on children and adolescents’social environment,which may exacerbate current and future physiological,psychological,behavioral,and academic *** There are limited studies reporting long physical symptoms of COVID-19 in the pediatric ***,pediatric COVID-19 cases are underreported due to low rates of testing and symptomatic infection,which calls for more longitudinal *** who have experienced COVID-19 illness should be monitored for long physiological,psychological,behavioral,and academic outcomes.

关键词： Adolescents Children Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) Long-COVID symptoms

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Importance of adapted digestion conditions to simulate in vitro lipid digestion of broilers in different life stages

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 151-158页

作者： Daphne Michels sarah H.e.Verkempinck Agnese Panozzo Karen Vermeulen Marc e.Hendrickx Liesbet Thijs Tara Grauwet Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre(LFoRCe) Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems(M2S)KU LeuvenLeuven3001Belgium Kemin Animal Nutrition and Health Kemin Europa N.V.Herentals2200Belgium

In vitro digestion studies demonstrate large potential to gain more and quicker insights into the underlying mechanisms of feed additives,allowing the optimization of feed ***,current in vitro digestion models relevant for broiler chickens lack sufficient description in terms of protocols and standardisation ***,no distinction is made between the different life phases of these animals(starter,grower,and finisher).Hence,our research aimed to establish adapted in vitro digestion conditions,corresponding to the 3 life phases in broilers,with specific focus on lipid *** effect of 3 different bile salt concentrations of 2,10,and 20 mM,and 3 different lipase activities of 5,20,and 100 U/mL,on in vitro lipid digestion kinetics were evaluated using a full factorial *** values were selected to represent starter,grower,and finisher birds,*** findings showed that the extent of lipid digestion was mainly influenced by lipase *** rate of lipid digestion was affected by an interplay between bile salt concentration and lipase activity,due to possible lipase inhibition at certain bile salt ***,this work resulted in 3 in vitro lipid digestion models representative for starter,grower,and finisher *** conclusion,this research showed the impact of adapted in vitro digestion conditions on lipid digestion kinetics and thus the need for these conditions relevant for each life phase of broilers.

关键词： Lipolysis Lipase activity Bile salt In vitro digestion Broiler chicken emulsion

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Retinoid X receptor α downregulation is required for tail and caudal spinal cord regeneration in the adult newt

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第6期13卷 1036-1045页

作者： sarah e.Walker Rachel Nottrodt Lucas Maddalena Christopher Carter Gaynor e.Spencer Robert L.Carlone Department of Biological Sciences Brock University Department of Geosciences University of Calgary Biomedical Sciences Cambridge University Pre-Health Sciences Department Niagara College

Some adult vertebrate species,such as newts,axolotls and zebrafish,have the ability to regenerate their central nervous system（CNS）.However,the factors that establish a permissive CNS environment for correct morphological and functional regeneration in these species are not well *** evidence supports a role for retinoid signaling in the intrinsic ability of neurons,in these regeneration-competent species,to regrow after CNS ***,we demonstrated that a specific retinoic acid receptor（RAR）subtype,RARβ,mediates the effects of endogenous retinoic acid（RA）on neuronal growth and guidance in the adult newt CNS after ***,we now examine the expression of the retinoid X receptor RXRα（a potential heterodimeric transcriptional regulator with RARβ）,in newt tail and spinal cord *** show that at 21 days post-amputation（dpa）,RXRαis expressed at temporally distinct periods and in non-overlapping spatial domains compared to RARβ.Whereas RARβprotein levels increase,RXRαproteins level decrease by 21 dpa.A selective agonist for RXR,SR11237,prevents both this downregulation of RXRαand upregulation of RARβand inhibits tail and caudal spinal cord ***,treatment with a selective antagonist for RARβ,Le135,inhibits regeneration with the same morphological consequences as treatment with ***,Le135 treatment also inhibits the normal downregulation of RXRαin tail and spinal cord tissues at 21 *** results reveal a previously unidentified,indirect regulatory feedback loop between these two receptor subtypes in regulating the regeneration of tail and spinal cord tissues in this regeneration-competent newt.

关键词： retinoid X receptor spinal cord regeneration newt retinoic acid ependymoglia retinoic acid receptor

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What is artificial meat and what does it mean for the future of the meat industry?

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第2期14卷 255-263页

作者： sarah P F Bonny Graham e Gardner David W Pethick Jean-Franois Hocquette School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch UniversityMurdoch W.A. 6150 Australia INRA UMR1213 Recherches sur les HerbivoresSaint-Genès Champanelle F-63122 France Clermont Université Vet Agro Sup UMR1213 Recherches sur les HerbivoresSaint-Genès Champanelle F-63122 France

The meat industry cannot respond to increases in demand by ever increasing resource use. The industry must find solutions to issues regarding animal welfare, health and sustainability and will have to do so in the face of competition from emerging non-traditional meat and protein products in an increasingly complex regulatory environment. These novel meat and protein products, otherwise known as ‘artificial meat＇ are utilising ground breaking technologies designed to meet the issues facing the conventional meat industry. These artificial meats, in vitro or cultured meat and meat from genetically modified organisms have no real capacity to compete with conventional meat production in the present environment. However, meat replacements manufactured from plant proteins and mycoproteins are currently the biggest competitors and are gaining a small percentage of the market. Manufactured meats may push conventional meat into the premium end of the market, and supply the bulk, cheap end of the market if conventional meat products become more expensive and the palatability and versatility of manufactured meats improve. In time the technology for other artificial meats such as meat from genetic modified organisms or cultured meat may become sufficiently developed for these products to enter the market with no complexity of the competition between meat products. Conventional meat producers can assimilate agroecology ecology concepts in order to develop sustainable animal production systems. The conventional meat industry can also benefit from assimilating biotechnologies such as cloning and genetic modification technologies, using the technology to adapt to the changing environment and respond to the increasing competition from artificial meats. Although it will depend at least partly on the evolution of conventional meat production, the future of artificial meat produced from stem cells appears uncertain at this time.

关键词： artificial meat in vitro meat meat industry consumer satisfaction sustainable production

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Biometric Verification System UsingHyperparameter Tuned Deep Learning Model

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Computer Systems Science & engineering 2023年第7期46卷 321-336页

作者： Mohammad Yamin Saleh Bajaba sarah B.Basahel e.Laxmi Lydia Department of Management Information Systems Faculty of Economics and AdministrationKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Business Administration Faculty of Economics and AdministrationKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Management Information Systems Faculty of Economics and AdministrationKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and engineering Vignan’s Institute of Information TechnologyVisakhapatnam530049India

Deep learning(DL)models have been useful in many computer vision,speech recognition,and natural language processing tasks in recent *** models seem a natural fit to handle the rising number of biometric recognition problems,from cellphone authentication to airport security *** approaches have recently been utilized to improve the efficiency of various biometric recognition *** recognition was considered the more reliable and accurate biometric detection method *** recognition has been an active research region in the last few decades due to its extensive applications,from security in airports to homeland security border *** article presents a new Political Optimizer with Deep Transfer Learning enabled Biometric Iris Recognition(PODTL-BIR)*** presented PODTL-BIR technique recognizes the iris for biometric *** the presented PODTL-BIR model,an initial stage of pre-processing is carried *** addition,the MobileNetv2 feature extractor is utilized to produce a collection of feature *** PODTL-BIR technique utilizes a bidirectional gated recurrent unit(BiGRU)model to recognise iris for biometric ***,the political optimizer(PO)algorithm is used as a hyperparameter tuning strategy to improve the PODTL-BIR technique’s recognition ***-ranging experimental investigation was executed to validate the enhanced performance of the PODTL-BIR *** experimental outcome stated the promising performance of the PODTL-BIR system over other existing algorithms.

关键词： Biometric verification iris recognition political optimizer deep learning feature extraction

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Post-operative prevention and monitoring of Crohn’s disease recurrence

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Gastroenterology Report 2022年第1期10卷 217-226页

作者： Kate e.Lee sarah Cantrell Bo Shen Adam S.Faye Department of Medicine Duke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA Duke University Medical Center Library&Archives Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA Division of Gastroenterology NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA

Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC)are relapsing and remitting chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal *** surgery for UC can provide a cure,surgery for CD is rarely *** the past few decades,research has identified risk factors for postsurgical CD recurrence,enabling patient risk stratification to guide monitoring and prophylactic treatment to prevent CD recurrence.A MeDLINe literature review identified articles regarding post-operative monitoring of CD recurrence after resection *** this review,we discuss the evidence on risk factors for postoperative CD recurrence as well as suggestions on post-operative management.

关键词： post-operative Crohn’s management recurrence biologics

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Hypertensive emergency versus preeclampsia in a patient with sickle cell disease:a case report

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World Journal of emergency Medicine 2023年第4期14卷 329-331页

作者： Jigar Patel Juan A Reyes Ivan Berezowski Quincy K Tran sarah e Frasure Ali Pourmand Division of Hospital Medicine Department of Medicinethe George Washington UniversityWashington DC 20037USA Department of emergency Medicine University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore 21201-1544USA Program in Trauma the R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore 21201USA Department of emergency Medicine the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashington DC 20037USA

Sickle cell disease(SCD)is strongly associated with severe preeclampsia and has also been linked to poor pregnancy-related ***,sickle cell nephropathy(SCN)is a common complication of SCD and results in chronic *** patients with SCD who present to the emergency department(eD)with pulmonary edema,hypertension,and proteinuria may suffer from a hypertensive emergency with or without *** prior lab work to determine whether a patient’s proteinuria or kidney dysfunction is new or at baseline,it may be impossible for the emergency physician to determine which diagnosis is more ***,amultidisciplinary approach which involves cardiology,nephrology,medicine and obstetrics consultations should be utilized to help direct *** present the case of a 39-yearold patient with SCD,who was also 26 weeks pregnant,and presented to the eD with markedly elevated blood pressure and *** she was initially admitted to the obstetrics ward for blood pressure management given concern for preeclampsia,she was ultimately diagnosed with hypertensive emergency and sickle cell nephropathy.

关键词： hypertensive admitted markedly

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