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Free-ranging dogs match a human’s preference in a foraging task

Current Zoology 2024年第3期70卷 343-349页

作者： Giulia Cimarelli Magdelena Juskaite Friederike Range sarah marshall-pescini Domestication Lab Konrad Lorenz Institute of EthologyDepartment of Interdisciplinary Life SciencesUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaVeterinärplatz 11210ViennaAustria Department of Biology Education Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden

Social learning is a mechanism used by many species to effciently gain information about their *** many animals live in an environment where members of other species are present,little is known about interspecifc social *** and urbanized species provide the opportunity to investigate whether nonhuman animals can learn from heterospecifcs such as humans,who are integral parts of their social *** domestic dogs Canis familiaris have been intensively researched for their ability to learn from humans,most studies have focused on dogs living as ***,free-ranging dogs represent the majority of the world’s dog population,they live alongside humans,scavenge on human refuse,and are subject to natural and sexual ***,free-ranging dogs with extensive exposure to humans and their artifacts provide the opportunity to investigate interspecifc social learning in a naturalistic setting,where learning from humans might be a beneft for *** we tested individual free-ranging dogs in a between-subject design:Dogs in the control group could spontaneously choose between two novel and differently patterned food-delivering *** the experimental group,instead,dogs could frst observe an unfamiliar human approaching and eating from 1 of the 2 *** provide the frst evidence that free-ranging dogs match the choice of an unfamiliar *** results show that at least simple forms of interspecifc social learning might be involved in dogs’success in living alongside humans in a complex urbanized environment.

关键词： Canis familiaris dogs domestication foraging free-ranging dogs social learning urbanization.

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Urbanization does not affect red foxes’interest in anthropogenic food,but increases their initial cautiousness

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Current Zoology 2024年第3期70卷 394-405页

作者： Martina Lazzaroni Rudy Brogi Valentina Napolitano Marco Apollonio Friederike Range sarah marshall-pescini Domestication Laboratory Konrad Lorenz Institute of EthologyUniversity of Veterinary MedicineVienna A-1160Austria Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Sassarivia Vienna 2I-07100 SassariItaly

Human presence and activities have profoundly altered animals’habitats,exposing them to greater risks but also providing new opportunities and *** animals’capacity to effectively navigate and strike a balance between risks and benefts is crucial for their survival in the Anthropocene *** foxes(Vulpes vulpes),adept urban dwellers,exhibit behavioral plasticity in human-altered *** investigated variations in detection frequency on trail cameras and the behavioral responses(explorative,bold,and fearful)of wild red foxes living along an urbanization gradient when exposed to a metal bin initially presented clean and then flled with anthropogenic *** fox populations displayed an increased interest and similar explorative behavioral responses toward the anthropogenic food source,irrespective of the urbanization *** no impact on explorative behaviors,foxes in more urbanized areas initially showed heightened fear toward the empty bin,indicating increased apprehension toward novel ***,this fear diminished over time,and in the presence of food,urban foxes displayed slightly reduced fear compared with their less urban *** results highlight foxes’potential for adaptability to human landscapes,additionally underscoring the nuanced interplay of fear and explorative behavioral response of populations living along the urbanization gradient.

关键词： anthropization bold explorative fearful human footprint Vulpes vulpes

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Do females use their sexual status to gain resource access？ Investigating food-for-sex in wolves and dogs

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Current Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 323-330页

作者： Rachel DALE sarah marshall-pescini Friederike RANGE Comparative Cognition Messerli Research Institute University of Veterinary Medicine Medical University of Vienna University of Vienna Vienna Austria Wolf Science Center Ernstbrunn Austria

While food sharing among related individuals can be explained by kin selection, food sharing be- tween unrelated individuals has been more of an evolutionary puzzle. The food-for-sex hypothesis provides an explanation for the occurrence of food sharing among nonkin. However, little is known about the socio-ecological factors that can promote such a commodity exchange. A species mating system is a factor potentially influencing food-for-sex patterns of behavior. Here, we compared wolves, which form pair-bonds, with dogs, which are typically promiscuous in freeranging contexts, to investigate the effect of reproductive stages on the behavior around a food source in 2 different contexts. Furthermore, we considered the roles of both the males and the fe- males in the potential food-for-sex exchange. Results indicate that in both species and for both sexes the breeding period promotes decreased aggression. Additionally, females were more per- sistent in their attempts to access the food and were able to monopolize the resource more when in heat as compared to outside the breeding period. Finally, in dogs, but not wolves, females spent more time in proximity to the male＇s bone and had a shorter latency to start eating it when in heat. Overall, this study demonstrates that the food-for-sex hypothesis plays a part in intersexual food sharing in canids, and highlights the role of females in the interaction. These effects were especially the case in dogs, suggesting a potential effect of mating system on food-for-sex responses

关键词： canid food-for-sex food sharing tolerance.

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Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第2期9卷 178-185页

作者： Xinglei Cui Adrian M.Paterson George LW.Perry sarah V.Wyse Md Azharul Alam Congde Huang Shixing Zhou Lin Xiao Changhong Lai Fang He Dongyu Cao Kate marshall Timothy J.Curran Department of Pest-management and Conservation Lincoln UniversityLincoln7647New Zealand National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Centre for Southwest Forest and Grassland Fire Ecological Prevention College of ForestrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China School of Environment University of AucklandAuckland1142New Zealand Bio-Protection Research Centre Lincoln UniversityLincoln7647New Zealand Sichuan Province Forestry and Grassland Environmental Monitoring Centre Chengdu610036China

Background:Flammability is a compound plant trait that can vary significantly across natural populations within *** intraspecific variation in flammability provides insights into the evolution of plant flam-mability and inform understanding of wildfire risk and behaviour in different ***:We measured four flammability variables,representing ignitibility(time to ignition),sustainability(total burning time),combustibility(maximum temperature during burning)and consumability(percentage of biomass consumed by fire)to assess the shoot-level flammability of Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium(***.)(Ericaceae),a polymorphic endemic species distributed throughout New *** examined the relationship between flammability components and a suite of climatic and geographic variables(elevation,latitude,mean annual temperature(MAT),mean annual rainfall(MAR)of the sample locations,etc.).Results:We measured shoot-level flammability components of 62 individuals across eight *** time,maximum temperature and burnt biomass were positively correlated with each other,while ignition score was independent of other flammability *** flammability components varied significantly across the eight *** habitat conditions we considered were not related to any of the shoot-level flammability components of ***:Intraspecific variation in flammability in *** may be a byproduct of selection on other functional traits,such as leaf size,shoot lipid content,indicating that plant flammability is an incidental result,rather than selected for,at least in ecosystems without fire as a selective force.

关键词： Dracophyllum Fire Flammability Habitat

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ER stress-induced aggresome trafficking of HtrA1 protects against proteotoxicity

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2017年第6期9卷 516-532页

作者： Maximilian J. Gerhardt Joseph A. Marsh Margaux Morrison Andrius Kazlauskas Arogya Khadka Stephan Rosenkranz Margaret M. DeAngelis Magali Saint-Geniez sarah Melissa P. Jacobo Department of Ophthalmology Harvard Medical School The Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Boston MA 02114 USA Department III of Internal Medicine Cologne University Heart Center Center for Molecular Medicine University of Cologne 50931 Cologne Germany MRC Human Genetics Unit Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH4 2XU UK Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Utah and John A. Moran Eye Center Salt Lake City UT 84132 USA

High temperature requirement A1 （HtrA1） belongs to an ancient protein family that is linked to various human disorders. The pre- cise role of exon 1-encoded N-terminal domains and how these influence the biological functions of human HtrAZ remain elusive. In this study, we traced the evolutionary origins of these N-terminal domains to a single gene fusion event in the most recent common ancestor of vertebrates. We hypothesized that human HtrA1 is impticated in unfotded protein response. ｜n highly secre- tory cells of the retinal pigmented epithelia, endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress upregulated HtrA1. HtrA1 co-localized with vimen- tin intermediate filaments in highly arborized fashion. Upon ER stress, HtrA1 tracked along intermediate filaments, which collapsed and bundled in an aggresome at the microtubule organizing center. Gene silencing of HtrA1 altered the schedule and amplitude of adaptive signaling and concomitantly resulted in apoptosis. Restoration of wild-type HtrA1, but not its protease inactive mutant, was necessary and sufficient to protect from apoptosis. A variant of HtrA1 that harbored exon 1 substitutions dis- played reduced efficacy in rescuing cells from proteotoxicity. Our results illuminate the integration of HtrA1 in the toolkit of mam- malian cells against protein misfolding and the implications of defects in HtrA1 in proteostasis.

关键词： ER stress unfolded protein response RPE HtrA1 multi-domain protein evolution proteostasis

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Review of key telepsychiatry outcomes

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2016年第2期6卷 269-282页

作者： Sam Hubley sarah B Lynch Christopher Schneck marshall Thomas Jay Shore Helen and Arthur E Johnson Depression Center Department of Family Medicine Department of Clinical Health Psychology University of Colorado Denver

AIM: To conduct a review of the telepsychiatry ***: We conducted a systematic search of the literature on telepsychiatry using the search terms, "telepsychiatry", "telemental health", "telecare", "telemedicine", "e-health", and "videoconferencing". To meet criteria for inclusion, studies had to:(1) be published in a peer-reviewed journal after the year 2000;(2) be written in English;(3) use videoconferencing technology for the provision of mental health assessment or treatment services; and(4) use an adequately-powered randomized controlled trial design in the case of treatment outcome studies. Out of 1976 studies identified by searches in Pub Med(Medline database), Ovid medline, Psych Info, Embase, and EBSCO PSYCH, 452 met inclusion criteria. Studies that met all inclusion criteria were organized into one of six categories:(1) satisfaction;(2) reliability;(3) treatment outcomes;(4) implementation outcomes;(5) cost effectiveness; and(6) and legal issues. All disagreements were resolved by reassessing study characteristics and ***: Overall, patients and providers are generally satisfied with telepsychiatry services. Providers, however, tend to express more concerns about the potentially adverse of effects of telepsychiatry on therapeutic rapport. Patients are less likely to endorse such concerns about impaired rapport with their provider. Although few studies appropriately employ non-inferiority designs, the evidence taken together suggests that telepsychiatry is comparable to face-to-face services in terms of reliability of clinical assessments and treatment outcomes. When non-inferiority designs were appropriately used, telepsychiatry performed as well as, if not better than face-to-face delivery of mental health services. Studies using both rudimentary and more sophisticated methods for evaluating cost-effectiveness indicate that telepsychiatry is not more expensive than face-to-face delivery of mental health services and that telepsy

关键词： Telepsychiatry Telemental health Videoconferencing Treatment access Implementation

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