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SARS-CoV-2 involvement in central nervous system tissue damage

Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第6期17卷 1228-1239页

作者： Muhammad ali Haidar Zaynab Shakkour Mohammad Amine Reslan Nadine al-Haj Perla Chamoun Karl Habashy Hasan Kaafarani Shima Shahjouei sarah HFarran Abdullah Shaito Esber SSaba Bassam Badran Mirna Sabra Firas Kobeissy Maya Bizri Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Faculty of MedicineAmerican University of BeirutBeirutLebanon Faculty of Health Sciences University of BalamandBeirutLebanon Faculty of Medicine University of BalamandKouraLebanon Faculty of Science Lebanese UniversityBaabdaLebanon Program for Neurotrauma Neuroproteomics&Biomarkers ResearchDepartments of Emergency MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine American University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon Biomedical Research Center Qatar UniversityDohaQatar Department of Experimental Pathology Immunology and MicrobiologyFaculty of MedicineAmerican University of BeirutBeirutLebanon Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology Faculty of Sciences ILebanese UniversityHadathBeirutLebanon Faculty of Medicine Lebanese UniversityNeuroscience Research Center(NRC)BeirutLebanon Neuroscience Institute Neurology DepartmentGeisinger Health SystemPAUSA Department of Psychiatry American University of BeirutBeirutLebanon

As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)continues to spread globally,it became evident that the SARS-CoV-2 virus infects multiple organs including the *** clinical studies revealed that patients with COVID-19 infection experience an array of neurological signs ranging in severity from headaches to life-threatening *** the exact mechanism by which the SARS-CoV-2 virus directly impacts the brain is not fully understood,several theories have been suggested including direct and indirect pathways induced by the *** possible theory is the invasion of SARS-CoV-2 to the brain occurs either through the bloodstream or via the nerve endings which is considered to be the direct *** findings are based on studies reporting the presence of viral material in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain ***,the indirect mechanisms,including blood-clotting abnormalities and prolonged activation of the immune system,can result in further tissue and organ damages seen during the course of the *** overview attempts to give a thorough insight into SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus neurological infection and highlights the possible mechanisms leading to the neurological manifestations observed in infected patients.

关键词： autoantibodies CNS infection coagulopathy COVID-19 encephalitis neuroinflammation renin-angiotensin system viral encephalopathy

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Cystic liver lesions: from diagnosis to recognition of complications and when to treat

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第6期11卷 909-912页

作者： sarah Lowry Wikrom Karnsakul Johns Hopkins Medical Institute BaltimoreMDUSA Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA

In October 2022,the European Association for the Study of the Liver(EASL)published in Journal of Hepatology the Clinical Practice Guidelines(CPG)in regard to the diagnosis and management of cystic liver diseases(1).American College of Gastroenterology published similar guidelines in 2014 regarding focal liver lesions,but this is the first comprehensive guideline focusing on cystic liver lesions with robust background support and knowledge(2).

关键词： diagnosis lesions liver

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Genomewide selection for fruit quality traits in apple: breeding insights gained from prediction and postdiction

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Horticulture Research 2023年第6期10卷 238-249页

作者： sarah A.Kostick Rex Bernardo James J.Luby Department of Horticultural Science University of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN 55108USA Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics University of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN 55108USA

Many fruit quality traits in apple(Malus domestica Borkh.)are controlled by multiple small-effect quantitative trait loci(QTLs).Genomewide selection(genomic selection)might be an effective breeding approach for highly quantitative traits in woody perennial crops with long generation times like *** goal of this study was to determine if genomewide prediction is an effective breeding approach for fruit quality traits in an apple scion breeding *** apple scion breeding germplasm(nindividuals=955),high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)data(nSNPs=977),and breeding program fruit quality trait data at harvest were *** parents‘Honeycrisp’and‘Minneiska’were highly *** to high predictive abilities were observed for most fruit quality traits at *** example,when 25%random subsets of the germplasm set were used as training sets,mean predictive abilities ranged from 0.35 to 0.54 across ***,training and test sets,family size for within family prediction,and number of SNPs per chromosome affected model predictive *** of large-effect QTLs as fixed effects resulted in higher predictive abilities for some traits(*** red overcolor).Postdiction(***)analyses demonstrated the impact of culling threshold on selection *** results of this study demonstrate that genomewide selection is a useful breeding approach for certain fruit quality traits in apple.

关键词： breeding germplasm crops

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Roles of Case Studies and Case Reports in US East Asian Medicine:A Narrative-Medicine Perspective

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2023年第2期6卷 194-204页

作者： sarah E.Rivkin Seattle Institute of East Asian Medicine Seattle 98108USA

Recorded stories of the clinical encounter stretch back to ancient *** their history,these narratives have been called by different names,reflecting changes in format,function,and *** paper examines and explains the differences in two related forms of clinical writing as practiced by East Asian Medicine clinicians in the United States today-the case study and the case *** has its strengths and weaknesses;each is suited to different *** case study is ideal for education and the practice of narrative medicine,whereas the case report has played a vital role in propelling East Asian Medicine into the arena of modern scientific research.

关键词： Case record Case report Case study Herbal medicine Narrative medicine

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Response to ‘Monotreme middle ear is not primitive for Mammalia’

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National Science Review 2021年第10期8卷 12-14页

作者： John R.Wible sarah L.Shelley Shundong Bi Section of Mammals Carnegie Museum of Natural History Centre for Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology Yunnan University School of Geosciences University of Edinburgh Department of Biology Indiana University of Pennsylvania

To date, a complete auditory apparatus(with malleus, incus, stapes, ectotympanic and perhaps surangular) is known for only three Mesozoic mammals, the haramiyidan Arboroharamiya allinhopsoni [1], the multituberculate Sinobaatar pani [2] and the zhangheotheriid Origolestes lii [3], with subsets of these bones preserved in a handful more,

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Roles and Representations of Women in Early Chinese Philosophy: A Survey

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2020年第2期15卷 198-222页

作者： sarah Craddock John Preston Department of Philosophy University of ReadingReading RG66UDUK

An understanding of the roles and representations of women in classical Chinese philosophy is here derived from central texts such as the Analects,the Lienii Zhuan,and the I *** argue that the roles of women during the classical period of Chinese philosophy tended to be as part of the "inner," working domestically as a housewife and *** will be shown from three passages from the *** were represented as submissive and passive,as with the qualities ascribed to yin energy,and therefore as rightfully subordinate to ***,despite representations of women in philosophy being thus at this time,there were exceptions,specific women who could take a male "outer" political *** story of Jing Jiang from the Lienii Zhuan suggests that although women being involved in "outer" affairs were looked down on,there were still women who would be and who would occasionally get praised for doing *** shows that it was realized,explicitly or otherwise,that women were capable of taking those roles,but also that they were not allowed to take such roles at that time.

关键词： women roles yin-yang early Chinese philosophy distinctions

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Anticoagulation in frail older people

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2019年第11期16卷 844-846页

作者： sarah Damanti Simon Braham Luca Pasina Geriatric Unit IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly Nutritional Sciences PhD Univeristy of MilanMilanItaly Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center IRCCS CàGranda Maggiore Hospital FoundationMilanItaly Pharmacotherapy and Appropriateness of Drug Prescription Unit Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCSVia Giuseppe La MasaMilanItaly

Frailty is a multidimensional dynamic condition characterized by decreased physiological reserves. Therefore,frail people are more vulnerable to ***,minor stimuli,like a new drug prescription,can alter their homeostatic equilibrium determining adverse clinical outcomes(i.e.,falls,institutionalization,disability,and death).[1,2]Since the risk of atrial fibrillation[3]and venous thromboembolism[4]increase with ageing,frail people might require long term anticoagulation.

关键词： Anticoagulation Frailty The elderly

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luminating Crop Adaptation Using Population Genomics

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Molecular Plant 2019年第1期12卷 27-29页

作者： Rod J.Snowdon sarah Schiessl Department of Plant Breeding IFZ Research Centre for BiosystemsLand Use and Nutrition Justus Liebig University GiessenNeinrich-Buff-Ring 26-3235392 GiessenGermany

In this issue,Wu et al.(2019)describe the largest whole-genome resequencing dataset published to date for rapeseed (Brassica napus),an allopolyploid crop species that originated just a few thousand years ago under anthropogenic influence and rapidly evolved into one of the world's most important oilseed crops. In almost 1000 *** spanning species-wid.e germplasm for oilseed rape,a comprehensive analysis of sequence diversity related to flowering-related traits uncovered selective sweeps associated with eco-geographic adaptation and human selection,attributable particularly to divergence among homoeologs of key flowering-time regulation and ethylene synthesis/signaling genes.

关键词： issue Brassica napus

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An Unusual Cause of Irritability in a Single Ventricle Patient after Bidirectional Glenn Shunt

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Congenital Heart Disease 2021年第4期16卷 393-396页

作者： sarah Pradhan Eileen Broomall Russel Hirsch The Heart Institute Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA Division of Neurology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA

The differential diagnosis for irritability in children is *** patients with congenital heart disease,one must strongly consider cardiac etiologies such as low cardiac output or elevated central venous pressure(CVP).In patients with single-ventricle physiology,the second stage of palliation includes bidirectional Glenn,which involves anastomosis of the superior vena cava to the pulmonary artery resulting in volume offloading of the single systemic ***,early in the post-operative period,patients may experience a headache due to the acute increase in CVP,and symptoms improve over *** intracranial hypertension(IIH),also known as pseudotumor cerebri,is a rare neurologic disorder in children,characterized by raised intracranial pressure(ICP)in the absence of brain parenchymal lesions or cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)*** the pathogenesis of IIH is unknown,early recognition and treatment of IIH are important to prevent permanent vision *** are only rare reports of IIH in patients with Fontan *** our knowledge,we report the first case of IIH in a 2-year-old female after bidirectional Glenn.

关键词： Single ventricle bidirectional Glenn shunt idiopathic intracranial hypertension pseudotumor cerebri

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Is There a Relation between Adenosine and Caffeines’ Mechanisms of Action and Toll-Like Receptor-4 (TLR-4)?

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Open Journal of Immunology 2015年第4期5卷 215-221页

作者： sarah Moodad Nayla al-Akl Joseph Simaan alexander M. Abdelnoor Department of Experimental Pathology Immunology and Microbiology Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon

Previous studies showed that endogenous adenosine, an anti-inflammatory agent, was released at sites of injury and inflammation thereby decreasing the excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Caffeine, a non-specific adenosine blocker, has been reported in several studies to have opposing immune-modulatory effects. In this study, the effects of caffeine and adenosine on TLR-4 in promoting or decreasing the production of TNF-α and IL-12 by LPS-stimulated monocytes were investigated. Monocytes were isolated using Pluribead®kit from pooled blood obtained from ten volunteers. The monocytes were then incubated for 24 hours with Lipopolysaccharide (pLPS) extracted from Escherichia coli (aTLR-4 ligand activator), adenosine, caffeine and LPS extracted from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (LPS-RS, a TLR-4 ligand blocker), each alone or in different combinations. Later, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-12 were assessed in supernatants using an Enzyme Linked Immuno Assay (ELISA). Caffeine and adenosine significantly reduced the amount of TNFα and IL-12 produced by LPS-stimulated monocytes. Regarding non-stimulated and LPS-RS blocked monocytes, the presence of adenosine and caffeine significantly decreased TNFα levels produced by these cells but had little or non-significant effect on the levels of IL-12. In conclusion, both caffeine and adenosine blocked the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines by pLPS-stimulated-monocytes. TLR-4 did not appear to be involved in the signaling pathway of caffeine and adenosine since blocking of TLR-4 did not abolish the effects of adenosine and caffeine on production of cytokines, in particular TNF-α.

关键词： TLR-4 Adenosine Caffeine LPS-RS Cytokines

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