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Multi-mycotoxin exposure and risk assessments for Chinese consumption of nuts and dried fruits

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第7期17卷 1676-1690页

作者： WANG Yu-jiao NIE Ji-yun YAN Zhen LI Zhi-xia CHENG Yang saqib farooq Institute of Pomology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng) Ministry of Agriculture Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng) Ministry of Agriculture

In this study, 15 mycotoxins were detected in 233 nut and dried fruit samples from China. The 15 mycotoxins included aflatoxins （AFs： AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2）, trichothecene toxins （TCs： T-2, ZEA, ENA, ENA1, ENB, ENB1 and BEA）, Alternaria toxins （ATs： TEN, AOH and AME） and ochratoxin A （OTA）. The mycotoxins were detected in 47.6% of the samples and all 15 of the mycotoxins were found. Two samples were positive for AFB1 and exceeded the maximum tolerable levels allowed in China. The contamination levels of the mycotoxins found in nuts, dried jujubes, raisins, dried figs and dried Iongans were in the ranges of 0.1-462.7, 0.2-247.3, 0.8-10.1,0.2-384.1 and 0.1-89.2 μg kg^-1, respectively. Dried figs （80.0%） had the highest incidence of mycotoxins, followed by dried Iongans （60.0%）, dried jujubes （57.1%）, nuts （43.6%） and raisins （26.7%）. The estimated daily intake （EDI） values of each individual mycotoxin and all of the mycotoxins collectively were calculated by both the deterministic approach （DA） and the probability approach （PA）. For risk characterization, dietary exposure to TCs, ATs and OTA through consumption of nuts and dried fruits according to both approaches, showed no health risk to Chinese adults by exposure to either individual mycotoxins or in combination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in which risk assessment of multimycotoxins is performed, specifically including the emerging ENNs and BEA, in nuts and dried fruits of China.

关键词： mycotoxins risk assessment deterministic analysis probabilistic analysis nuts dried fruits

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Evaluation of sugar and organic acid composition and their levels in highbush blueberries from two regions of China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第9期19卷 2352-2361页

作者： ZHANG Jia NIE Ji-yun LI Jing ZHANG Hui LI Ye saqib farooq Syed Asim Shah BACHA WANG Jie Laboratory of Quality&Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit(Xingcheng) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of PomologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXingcheng 125100P.R.China College of Horticulture Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109P.R.China Institude of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China

Sweet and sour are the most important taste of blueberries,and they are produced by sugar and acid,*** contributions to the taste depend not only on the levels of sugar and acid,but also on the types and relative proportions of sugar and ***,it is very important to evaluate the composition and levels of sugar and acid in *** differences and variety diversity also affect the sugar and acid characteristics of ***,this study selected two main producing regions in northern China(Weihai and Yingkou)to examine the sugar and acid characteristics of 11 common blueberry *** indexes measured included soluble sugars,organic acids,soluble solid content and titratable *** results showed that glucose and fructose were the major sugars,and citric acid and quinic acid were the major organic *** analysis showed that glucose,fructose,and sucrose were positively correlated with total sugar content;the citric acid content was positively correlated with the titratable acidity and total organic *** acidity,glucose,fructose,sucrose,total sugar content,citric acid,shikimic acid and total acid content of the blueberries varied significantly between regions(P<0.05).In general,compared with Weihai blueberries,Yingkou blueberries had higher sugar content and lower acid *** results of this study may provide useful references for the evaluation of sweet and sour flavors and cultivar selection of blueberries.

关键词： blueberry sugar organic acid level evaluation

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超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测果汁中7种甜味剂

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农产品质量与安全 2018年第4期 25-30,39页

作者：闫震聂继云李志霞李静程杨 saqib farooq 中国农业科学院果树研究所农业农村部果品质量安全风险评估实验室(兴城) 兴城125100

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时检测果汁中甜蜜素、糖精钠、安赛蜜、三氯蔗糖、阿斯巴甜、纽甜和甜菊苷等7种甜味剂的方法。实验以甲醇和水作为流动相,柱温40℃,样品经甲醇提取,HLB固相萃取小柱净化。采用电喷雾离子源(ESI)多反应监... 详细信息

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时检测果汁中甜蜜素、糖精钠、安赛蜜、三氯蔗糖、阿斯巴甜、纽甜和甜菊苷等7种甜味剂的方法。实验以甲醇和水作为流动相,柱温40℃,样品经甲醇提取,HLB固相萃取小柱净化。采用电喷雾离子源(ESI)多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,外标法定量。结果表明,7种甜味剂在0.05~2.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,所得方程相关系数均大于0.99,检出限为0.000 1~0.003 8 mg/L,定量限为0.000 35~0.013 mg/L。以0.1、0.2、0.3、30、500 mg/L浓度水平做加标回收试验,平均回收率为73.0%~118.8%,RSD为0.30%~19.2%。该法优化了前处理过程,操作简便、快速、灵敏、准确,适用于果汁中7种甜味剂的快速测定。

关键词：超高效液相色谱-串联质谱果汁甜味剂添加剂

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Distribution and leaching characteristics of trace elements in ashes as a function of different waste fuels and incineration technologies

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第10期27卷 9-21页

作者： Naeem saqib Mattias Backstrom Department of Science and Technology Man-Technology-Environment Research Centreorebro University

Impact of waste fuels（virgin/waste wood, mixed biofuel（peat, bark, wood chips） industrial,household, mixed waste fuel） and incineration technologies on partitioning and leaching behavior of trace elements has been investigated. Study included 4 grate fired and 9 fluidized boilers. Results showed that mixed waste incineration mostly caused increased transfer of trace elements to fly ash; particularly Pb/Zn. Waste wood incineration showed higher transfer of Cr,As and Zn to fly ash as compared to virgin wood. The possible reasons could be high input of trace element in waste fuel/change in volatilization behavior due to addition of certain waste fractions. The concentration of Cd and Zn increased in fly ash with incineration *** concentration in ashes decreased in order of Zn 〉 Cu 〉 Pb 〉 Cr 〉 Sb 〉 As 〉 Mo. The concentration levels of trace elements were mostly higher in fluidized boilers fly ashes as compared to grate boilers（especially for biofuel incineration）. It might be attributed to high combustion efficiency due to pre-treatment of waste in fluidized boilers. Leaching results indicated that water soluble forms of elements in ashes were low with few *** levels in ash and ash matrix properties（association of elements on ash particles）are crucial parameters affecting leaching. Leached amounts of Pb, Zn and Cr in 〉50% of fly ashes exceeded regulatory limit for disposal. 87% of chlorine in fly ashes washed out with water at the liquid to solid ratio 10 indicating excessive presence of alkali metal chlorides/alkaline earths.

关键词： Incineration residues Leaching behavior Biofuel incineration Metal distribution Waste incineration

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Theoretical study of reactive melt infiltration to fabricate Co-Si/C composites

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第11期30卷 434-439页

作者： saqib Shahzad Khurram Iqbal Zaheer Uddin Department of Physics University of KarachiKarachiSindh 75270Pakistan College of Computer Science and Information Systems Institute of Business Management(IoBM)KarachiSindh 75190Pakistan

Cobalt-silicon based carbon composites(Co–Si/C)have established a noteworthy consideration in recent years as a replacement for conventional materials in the automotive and aerospace *** achieve the composite,a reactive melt infiltration process(RMI)is used,in which a melt impregnates a porous preform by capillary *** method promises a high-volume fraction of reinforcement and can be steered in such a way to get the good“near-net”shaped components.A mathematical model is developed using reaction-formed Co–Si alloy/C composite as a prototype system for this *** wetting behavior and contact angle are discussed;surface tension and viscosity are calculated by Wang’s and Egry’s equations,*** radii of 5μm and 10μm are set as a reference on highly oriented pyrolytic *** graphs are plotted using the model,to study some aspects of the infiltration *** highlights the possible connections among the various *** this attempt,the Co–Si(62.5 at.%silicon)alloy’s maximum infiltration at 5μm and 10μm radii are found as 0.05668 m at 125 s and 0.22674 m at 250 s,respectively.

关键词： cobalt-silicon/carbon composites Co-Si alloy reactive melt infiltration(RMI) carbon preforms

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Exploring the asymmetric impact of economic complexity,FDI,and green technology on carbon emissions:Policy stringency for clean-energy investing countries

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第4期15卷 459-473页

作者： Najia saqib Gheorghița Dinca Department of Finance College of Business AdministrationPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Finance and Accounting Transilvania University of BrașovBrașovRomania

All economies are concerned about rising carbon emissions,which contribute to environmental *** current paper formulates a novel framework to scrutinize the impacts of shocks in economic complexity,FDI,environmental technology,and renewable energy on carbon emission in the leading clean energy investment countries,spanning the period from 1995 to *** spite of the constraint for better environmental defence and the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),this paper introduces an empirical approach utilizing the Panel NARDL methodology to investigate the asymmetrical connections between carbon emissions and relevant exogenous ***,we utilize additional techniques,namely AMG and CCEMG,to enhance the robustness of our *** empirical findings reveal that positive shocks in economic complexity,FDI,environmental technology,and renewable energy reduce carbon emissions while negative shocks may result to elevated pollution levels in the ***,adverse shocks in economic complexity and FDI cause increased pollution in the long ***,the short-run coefficient signs are also similar to the longrun coefficient signs but different in significance level and *** has paved the way for a well-designed policy for leading clean-energy investment countries should focus on structural change,FDI,technology and renewable energy consumption.

关键词： Renewable energy Economic complexity NARDL Environmental technology SDGs Carbon emission FDI

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Global export flow of Chilean copper:The role of environmental innovation and renewable energy transition

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第3期15卷 336-345页

作者： Shujaat Abbas Najia saqib Umer Shahzad Graduate School of Economics and Management Ural Federal UniversityRussian Federation Brandenburg University of Technology Chair of Energy EconomicsGermany Adnan Kassar School of Business Lebanese American UniversityBeirutLebanon MEU Research Unit Middle East UniversityAmmanJordan Department of Finance College of Business AdministrationPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Trade and Finance Faculty of Economics and ManagementCzech University of Life Sciences Prague

Copper is one of the most important minerals that has extensive use in environment-friendly technologies and renewable energy *** global urgency for environmental and ecological conservation through renewable energy transition has considerably enhanced the importance of copper and articles *** is a major producer of *** contributes more than one-third to global ***,this study explores the export flow of Chilean copper in response to increasing demand side conditions in major 24 trading partners from 2002 to *** objective is realized by constructing an augmented model for import demand that incorporates bilateral real exchange rate along with real GDP,environmental innovation,and renewable energy transition in major import *** estimated results of panel quantiles via moments techniques reveal a significant positive impact with increasing coefficients at higher quantiles,while environmental innovation and renewable energy transition in trading partners show significant positive impact with decreasing values of coefficients at higher *** findings urge Chile to enhance production capacity of copper and other critical mineral and improve participation in global value chain to meet sharply increasing copper demand from environmental innovation and renewable energy transition.

关键词： Copper Export flow Renewable energy Environmental innovation Panel data Quantiles via moments

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Investigating the implications of technological innovations,financial inclusion,and renewable energy in diminishing ecological footprints levels in emerging economies

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第6期14卷 341-357页

作者： Najia saqib Ilhan Ozturk Muhammad Usman Department of Finance College of Business AdministrationPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia College of Business Administration University of SharjahSharjahUAE Faculty of Economics Administrative and Social SciencesNisantasi UniversityIstanbulTurkey School of Economics and Management and Center for Industrial EconomicsWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China

The correlation between technological innovation,economic growth,renewable energy,and ecological footprint carries significant policy implications for environmental ***,financial inclusion can drastically affect the technology-climate nexus across different countries and its moderating impacts have received sufficient *** do this,this study examined how technological innovation,financial inclusion,economic growth,and renewable energy affected emerging economies’ecological footprint from 1990 to ***,this study also scrutinizes the moderating role of financial inclusion with other regressors on ecological *** account for structural shifts,disguised cointegration,and numerous breaks in panel regression,this study applies advanced panel estimation methods for empirical *** estimated outcomes exhibit that the influence of technical innovation,climate technologies,and renewable energy significantly reduces the ecological footprint ***,economic growth and financial inclusion significantly increase the ecological footprint levels in the emerging ***,the integration of innovative technology and renewable energy in emerging countries mitigates the adverse effects of financial inclusion by making it easier for creative technologies and reducing ecological *** results show that emerging countries’innovative technology and renewable energy sources should be integrated with financial inclusion to enable longterm mitigation of environmental damages and sustainable *** on these estimated findings,the research recommends that emerging economies should hasten technological innovations along with stronger financial development to curtail ecological concerns without hindering the pace of sustainable economic growth.

关键词： Environmental-related technology Financial inclusion Renewable energy Ecological footprints Emerging countries

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TRUSED:A Trust-Based Security Evaluation Scheme for A Distributed Control System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 4381-4398页

作者： saqib Ali Raja Waseem Anwar Sultan Qaboos University Muscat123Sultanate of OMAN Arab Open University Muscat130Sultanate of OMAN

Distributed control systems(DCS)have revolutionized the communication process and attracted more interest due to their pervasive computing nature(cyber/physical),their monitoring capabilities and the benefits they ***,due to distributed communication,flexible network topologies and lack of central control,the traditional security strategies are inadequate formeeting the unique characteristics ***,malicious and untrustworthy nodes pose a significant threat during the formation of a DCS ***-based secure systems not only monitor and track the behavior of the nodes but also enhance the security by identifying and isolating the malicious node,which reduces the risk and increases network *** this research,we offer TRUSED,a trust-based security evaluation scheme that both,directly and indirectly,estimates each node’s level of trustworthiness,incorporating the cumulative trust *** addition,simulation results show that the proposed technique can effectively identify malicious nodes,determine their node’s trustworthiness rating,and improve the packet delivery ratio.

关键词： Malicious network lifetime risk management security trust untrustworthy

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Morphological and electrical properties of SrTiO3/TiO2/SrTiO3 sandwich structures prepared by plasma sputtering

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Chinese Physics B 2017年第1期26卷 156-159页

作者： saqib Jabbar Riaz Ahmad Paul K Chu Government College University Lahore 54000 Pakistan Department of Physics and Materials Science City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong China

SrTiO3（STO） and TiO2 are insulating materials with large dielectric constants and opposite signs of the quadratic coefficient of voltage（α）. Insertion of a TiO2 thin film between STO layers increases the linearity of the capacitance in response to an applied voltage, to meet the increasing demand of large-capacitance-density dynamic random access memory capacitors. Both STO and TiO2 suffer from the problem of high leakage current owing to their almost equivalent and low bandgap energies. To overcome this, the thickness of the thin TiO2 film sandwiched between the STO films was varied. A magnetron sputtering system equipped with radio frequency and direct current power supply was employed for depositing the thin films. Ti N was deposited as the top and bottom metal electrodes to form a metal–insulator metal（MIM） structure,which exhibited a very large linear capacitance density of 21 fF/um-2 that decreased by increasing the thickness of the TiO2 film. The leakage current decreased with an increase in the thickness of TiO2, and for a 27-nm-thick film, the measured leakage current was 2.0 × 10^-10 A. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy revealed that Ti N, STO, and TiO2 films are crystalline and TiO2 has a dominant anatese phase structure.

关键词： strontium titanate Raman spectroscopy plasma deposition MIM capacitor

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