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Necrotic enteritis and antibiotic-free production of broiler chickens:Challenges in testing and using alternative products

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 288-298页

作者： Robert j.Moore School of Science RMIT University

The global trend towards raising broiler chickens without the use of in-feed antibiotics(IFAs) means that there is an ongoing need to develop alternative treatments capable of delivering the benefits that IFAs previously provided. IFAs supported the productivity performance of chickens and played a key role in maintaining their health. Necrotic enteritis(NE) is an important disease of broilers that affects health,productivity, and welfare, and was previously well controlled by IFAs. However, with the reduction in IFA use, NE is resurgent in some countries. Vaccines and various feed additives, including pre-, pro-, and postbiotics, phytobiotics, fatty acids, and phage therapies have been introduced as alternative methods of NE control. While some of these feed additives have specific activity against the NE pathogen, Clostridium perfringens, most have the more general goal of reinforcing gut health. Extensive reviews of the effects of many of these feed additives on gut health have been published recently. Hence, rather than cover previously well reviewed areas of research this review focuses on the challenges and pitfalls in undertaking experimental assessment of alternative NE treatments and translating laboratory research to real world commercial production settings. The review is based on the author's particular experience,reading, thoughts, and analysis of the available information and inevitably presents a particular understanding that is likely to be at odds with others thinking on these issues. It is put forward to stimulate thinking and discussion on the issues covered.

关键词： Necrotic enteritis Clostridium perfringens Vaccines Feed additive Farm management

Are hydrides under high-pressure-high-temperature superconductors?

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National Science Review 2024年第7期11卷 9-12页

作者： j.E.Hirsch Department of Physics University of California

Contrary to the current consensus, I argue that the existing evidence for high-temperature superconductivity in hydrides under high pressure is not compelling. I suggest that the focus of the field should urgently shift to establish unequivocally experimentally whether or not superconductivity in pressurized hydrides exists, instead of continuing to search for new materials that might show elusive signals of unproven superconductivity at ever higher temperatures. The implications of a negative finding for the theoretical understanding of superconductivity are discussed.

关键词： Hydrides

An Overview of Antiviral Peptides and Rational Biodesign Considerations

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BioDesign Research 2022年第1期2022卷 276-294页

作者： Ying-Chiang j.lee jaden D.Shirkey jongbeom Park Karishma Bisht Alexis j.Cowan Department of Molecular Biology Princeton UniversityPrincetonNew Jersey 08544USA

Viral diseases have contributed significantly to worldwide morbidity and mortality throughout *** the existence of therapeutic treatments for many viral infections,antiviral resistance and the threat posed by novel viruses highlight the need for an increased number of effective *** addition to small molecule drugs and biologics,antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)represent an emerging class of potential antiviral *** AMPs have traditionally been regarded in the context of their antibacterial activities,many AMPs are now known to be *** antiviral peptides(AVPs)have been shown to target and perturb viral membrane envelopes and inhibit various stages of the viral life cycle,from preattachment inhibition through viral release from infected host *** design of AMPs has also proven effective in identifying highly active and specific peptides and can aid in the discovery of lead peptides with high therapeutic *** this review,we highlight AVPs with strong antiviral activity largely curated from a publicly available AMP *** then compile the sequences present in our AVP database to generate structural predictions of generic AVP ***,we cover the rational design approaches available for AVPs taking into account approaches currently used for the rational design of AMPs.

关键词： Rational drugs rational

Ethanol steam reforming over Ni/ZSM-5 nanosheet for hydrogen production

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Chinese journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第3期67卷 247-256页

作者： Porapak Suriya Shanshan Xu Shengzhe Ding Sarayute Chansai Yilai jiao joseph Hurd Daniel lee Yuxin Zhang Christopher Hardacre Prasert Reubroycharoen Xiaolei Fan Department of Chemical Engineering School of EngineeringThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Program of Petrochemistry and Polymer Science Faculty of ScienceChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok10330Thailand Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Liaoning Academy of Materials Shenyang 110167China Center of Excellence in Catalysis for Bioenergy and Renewable Chemicals(CBRC) andDepartment of Chemical TechnologyFaculty of ScienceChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok 10330Thailand Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute University of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo315100China

Compared to reforming reactions using hydrocarbons,ethanol steam reforming(ESR)is a sustainable alternative for hydrogen(H_(2))production since ethanol can be produced sustainably using *** work explores the catalyst design strategies for preparing the Ni supported on ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts to promote ***,two-dimensional ZSM-5 nanosheet and conventional ZSM-5 crystal were used as the catalyst carriers and two synthesis strategies,i.e.,in situ encapsulation and wet impregnation method,were employed to prepare the *** on the comparative characterization of the catalysts and comparative catalytic assessments,it was found that the combination of the in situ encapsulation synthesis and the ZSM-5 nanosheet carrier was the effective strategy to develop catalysts for promoting H_(2) production via ESR due to the improved mass transfer(through the 2-D structure of ZSM-5 nanosheet)and formation of confined small Ni nanoparticles(resulted via the in situ encapsulation synthesis).In addition,the resulting ZSM-5 nanosheet supported Ni catalyst also showed high Ni dispersion and high accessibility to Ni sites by the reactants,being able to improve the activity and stability of catalysts and suppress metal sintering and coking during ESR at high reaction ***,the Ni supported on ZSM-5 nanosheet catalyst prepared by encapsulation showed the stable performance with~88% ethanol conversion and~65% H_(2) yield achieved during a 48-h longevity test at 550-C.

关键词： ZSM-5 nanosheet In situ encapsulation Ni catalyst Ethanol steam reforming Hydrogen production

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The siphonic energy transfer between hot solar wind and cold martian ionosphere through open magnetic flux rope

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Fundamental Research 2024年第4期4卷 882-889页

作者： Xiaojun Xu Lou-Chuang lee Qi Xu Qing Chang jing Wang Ming Wang Shaosui Xu Christian Mosti Charles j.Farrugia Xing Wang Yudong Ye Zilu Zhou Lei Luo Peishan He Shaoguan Cheng State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China CNSA Macao Center for Space Exploration and Science Macao 999078China Institute of Earth Science Academia SinicaTaipei 115029China Institute of Space Science and Applied Technology Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518000China Planetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory(PEARL) School of Atmospheric SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000China Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210000China Space ScienceLaboratory Universityof CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94320USA Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of SciencesGraz 8010Austria University of New Hampshire NH 03824USA

A mechanism for energy transfer from the solar wind to the Martian ionosphere through open magnetic flux rope is proposed based on the observations by Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN(MAVEN).The satellite was located in the dayside magnetosheath at an altitude of about 70o km above the northern *** between the hot solar wind protons and the cold heavy ions/neutrals in the subsolar region can cool the protons and heat the heavy *** a result,the magnetosheath protons are siphoned into the ionosphere due to the thermal pressure gradient of protons and the heated heavy ions escape along the open magnetic field *** direct collisions in the lower-altitude region were not detected,this physical process is demonstrated by MAVEN measurements of enhanced proton density,decreased proton temperature and oppositely directed motions of hot and cool protons within the flux rope,which are very different from the observational features of the flux transfer events near the Earth's *** mechanism could universally exist in many contexts where a collisionless plasma region is connected to a collisional plasma *** reconstructing the magnetic geometry and the cross-section of the flux rope using the Grad-Shafranov technique,the ion loss rates are quantitatively estimated to be on the order of 1023 s-l,which is much higher than previously estimated.

关键词： Mars Flux rope Solarwind Ionosphere Ion loss

Stereotactic guidance for navigated percutaneous sacroiliac joint fusion

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The journal of Biomedical Research 2016年第2期30卷 162-167页

作者： Darrin j.lee Sung-Bum Kim Philip Rosenthal Ripul R.Panchal Kee D.Kim Department of Neurological Surgery University of California-Davis Medical Center Department of Neurological Surgery Kyung-Hee Medical Center

Arthrodesis of the sacroiliac joint（SIj） for surgical treatment of SIj dysfunction has regained interest among spine *** techniques described in the literature most often utilize intraoperative fluoroscopy to aid in implant placement;however,image guidance for SIj fusion may allow for minimally invasive percutaneous instrumentation with more precise implant *** the following cases,we performed percutaneous stereotactic navigated sacroiliac instrumentation using O-arm^（？）multidimensional surgical imaging with StealthStation^（？）navigation（Medtronic,***,MN）.Patients were positioned prone and an image-guidance reference frame was placed contralateral to the surgical site.O-arm^（？） integrated with StealthStation^（？） allowed immediate *** skin incision was planned with an image-guidance *** image-guided awl,drill and tap were utilized to choose a starting point and *** titanium cage（s） packed with autograft and/or allograft were then placed.O-arm^（？） image-guidance allowed for implant placement in the SIj with a small skin ***,we could not track the cage depth position with our current system,and in one patient,the SIj cage had to be revised secondary to the anterior breach of sacrum.

关键词： sacroiliac joint arthrodesis technique image guidance

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Prognostic and predictive biomarkers for metastatic renal cell carcinoma

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journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2021年第1期7卷 659-671页

作者： Logan G.Briggs Eugene B.Cone Richard j.lee Michael L.Blute Harvard Medical School BostonMA 02114USA Department of Urology Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMA 02114USA Department of Medicine Division of Hematology/OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA 02114USA.

Several prognostic models incorporating serum biomarkers to estimate patient survival have been established for metastatic renal cell *** advancements in biomarker research have highlighted much additional serum,gene mutation,genetic expression signatures,and histologic biomarkers that predict clinical outcomes and response to ***,therefore,reviewed biomarkers associated with overall,cancer-specific,progression-free,and disease-free survival,overall response,and time to treatment failure rate in adult populations with metastatic renal cell *** reviewed human studies reporting associations between biomarkers and clinical *** were abstracted via standardized form,then reported with hazard ratios and confidence intervals where appropriate,subdivided by biomarker type(serum,gene mutation,genetic expression,and histologic).We identified a range of newer biomarkers that have clinical associations with prognostic and predictive *** biomarkers used in modern risk models,those consistently associated with prognosis included serum levels of CAIX,COP-NLR,CRP,s-TATI,and VEGF,gene mutations in BAP1,CDKN2A,CIMP/FH,and TERT,gene expression of ERV and NQO1,and histologic macrophage infiltration and expression of CAIX and *** consistently associated with the response to targeted antiangiogenic therapy included serum CRP,mutations in MET,PBRM-1,BAP1,and the mTOR pathway,TERT promoter mutations,and expression of PTEN and angiogenic gene *** expression of hERV,T-effector,and immunogenic signatures have been associated with improved response to immune checkpoint *** models should incorporate well-studied biomarkers to help clinicians predict outcomes and treatment responses for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

关键词： Carcinoma renal cell biomarkers precision medicine patient-specific modeling neoplasms

Water Vapor Information from Satellite and Its Applications

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第1期41卷 188-189页

作者： B.j.SOHN School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

Water vapor is a critical component of the hydrological cycle because it plays a vital role in transporting water from one part of the cycle to *** vapor evaporated from surfaces such as oceans,lakes,and rivers conden... 详细信息

关键词： motion oceans lakes

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Rethinking the egg

National Science Review 2024年第6期11卷 81-82页

作者： Michael j.Benton School of Earth Sciences University of Bristol

Our image of early dinosaur eggs must change. Early dinosaur eggs are portrayed as soft-shelled, like those of modern lizards or snakes [1], and yet all the evidence is that early dinosaurs at least laid leathery-shel...

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