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A Study on Cascade R-CNN-Based Dangerous Goods Detection Using X-Ray Image

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 4245-4260页

作者： sang-hyun lee Department of Computer Engineering Honam UniversityGwangsanguGwangju 62399Korea

X-ray inspection equipment is divided into small baggage inspection equipment and large cargo inspection *** the case of inspection using X-ray scanning equipment,it is possible to identify the contents of goods,unauthorized transport,or hidden goods in real-time by-passing cargo through X-rays without opening *** this paper,we propose a system for detecting dangerous objects in X-ray images using the Cascade Region-based Convolutional Neural Network(Cascade R-CNN)model,and the data used for learning consists of dangerous goods,storage media,firearms,and *** addition,to minimize the overfitting problem caused by the lack of data to be used for artificial intelligence(AI)training,data samples are increased by using the CP(copy-paste)algorithm on the existing *** also solves the data labeling problem by mixing supervised and semi-supervised *** four comparative models to be used in this study are Faster Regionbased Convolutional Neural Networks Residual2 Network-101(Faster R-CNN_Res2Net-101)supervised learning,Cascade R-CNN_Res2Net-101_supervised learning,Cascade Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks Composite Backbone Network V2(CBNetV2)Network-101(Cascade R-CNN_CBNetV2Net-101)_supervised learning,and Cascade RCNN_CBNetV2-101_semi-supervised learning which are then compared and *** a result of comparing the performance of the four models in this paper,in case of Cascade R-CNN_CBNetV2-101_semi-supervised learning,Average Precision(AP)(Intersection over Union(IoU)=0.5):0.7%,AP(IoU=0.75):1.0%than supervised learning,Recall:0.8%higher.

关键词： Cascade R-CNN model faster R-CNN model X-ray screening equipment Res2Net supervised learning semi-supervised learning

A Study on Small Pest Detection Based on a CascadeR-CNN-Swin Model

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第9期72卷 6155-6165页

作者： Man-Ting Li sang-hyun lee Department of Computer Engineering Honam UniversityGwangsanguGwangju62399Korea

This study aims to detect and prevent greening disease in citrus trees using a deep neural *** process of collecting data on citrus greening disease is very difficult because the vector pests are too *** this paper,since the amount of data collected for deep learning is insufficient,we intend to use the efficient feature extraction function of the neural network based on the Transformer *** want to use the Cascade Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks(Cascade R-CNN)Swin model,which is a mixture of the transformer model and Cascade R-CNN model to detect greening disease occurring in *** this paper,we try to improve model safety by establishing a linear relationship between samples using Mixup and Cutmix algorithms,which are image processing-based data augmentation *** addition,by using the ImageNet dataset,transfer learning,and stochastic weight averaging(SWA)methods,more accuracy can be *** study compared the Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks Residual Network101(Faster R-CNN ResNet101)model,Cascade Regionbased Convolutional Neural Networks Residual Network101(Cascade RCNN-ResNet101)model,and Cascade R-CNN Swin *** a result,the Faster R-CNN ResNet101 model came out as Average Precision(AP)(Intersection over Union(IoU)=0.5):88.2%,AP(IoU=0.75):62.8%,Recall:68.2%,and the Cascade R-CNN ResNet101 model was AP(IoU=0.5):91.5%,AP(IoU=0.75):67.2%,Recall:73.1%.Alternatively,the Cascade R-CNN Swin Model showed AP(IoU=0.5):94.9%,AP(IoU=0.75):79.8%and Recall:76.5%.Thus,the Cascade R-CNN Swin Model showed the best results for detecting citrus greening disease.

关键词： Cascade R-CNN swin model cascade R-CNN resNet101 model faster R-CNN ResNet101 model mixup cutmix

Estimation of Turbulent Sensible Heat and Momentum Fluxes over a Heterogeneous Urban Area Using a Large Aperture Scintillometer

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第8期32卷 1092-1105页

作者： sang-hyun lee Jun-Ho lee Bo-Young KIM Department of Atmospheric Science Kongju National University Department of Optical Engineering Kongju National University

The accurate determination of surface-layer turbulent fluxes over urban areas is critical to understanding urban boundary layer （UBL） evolution. In this study, a remote-sensing technique using a large aperture scintillometer （LAS） was investigated to estimate surface-layer turbulent fluxes over a highly heterogeneous urban area. The LAS system, with an optical path length of 2.1 km, was deployed in an urban area characterized by a complicated land-use mix （residential houses, water body, bare ground, etc.）. The turbulent sensible heat （QH） and momentum fluxes （z） were estimated from the scintillation measurements obtained from the LAS system during the cold season. Three-dimensional LAS footprint modeling was introduced to identify the source areas （＂footprint＂） of the estimated turbulent fluxes. The analysis results showed that the LAS-derived turbulent fluxes for the highly heterogeneous urban area revealed reasonable temporal variation during daytime on clear days, in comparison to the land-surface process-resolving numerical modeling. A series of sensitivity tests indicated that the overall uncertainty in the LAS-derived daytime QH was within 20%-30% in terms of the influence of input parameters and the non- dimensional similarity function for the temperature structure function parameter, while the estimation errors in z were less sensitive to the factors of influence, except aerodynamic roughness length. The 3D LAS footprint modeling characterized the source areas of the LAS-derived turbulent fluxes in the heterogeneous urban area, revealing that the representative spatial scales of the LAS system deployed with the 2.1 km optical path distance ranged from 0.2 to 2 km2 （a ＂micro-a scale＂）, depending on local meteorological conditions.

关键词： heterogeneous surface large aperture scintillometer mesoscale modeling surface energy balance turbulentexchange

Association of low muscle strength with metabolic dysfunctionassociated fatty liver disease:A nationwide study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第45期29卷 5962-5973页

作者： Gyu Bae lee Youn Huh sang hyun lee Byoungduck Han Yang-hyun Kim Do-Hoon Kim Seon Mee Kim Youn Seon Choi Kyung Hwan Cho Ga Eun Nam Department of Family Medicine Korea University College of MedicineSeoul 02841South Korea Department of Family Medicine Uijeongbu Eulji Medical CenterEULJI UniversityDaejeon 11759South Korea School of Electrical Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841South Korea

BACKGROUND There is limited evidence regarding the association between muscle strength and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).AIM To investigate the association between muscle strength and MAFLD in the general population in *** This nationwide representative cross-sectional study included 31649 individuals aged≥19 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2015 and *** ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)for MAFLD according to sex-specific quartiles of muscle strength,defined by relative handgrip strength,were calculated using multivariable logistic regression ***,multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between muscle strength and probable liver fibrosis in patients with *** Of all the participants,29.3%had *** prevalence of MAFLD was significantly higher in the lower muscle strength quartile groups for all participants,sexes,and age groups(P<0.001).A 1.92-fold(OR=1.92,95%CI:1.70–2.16)and 3.12-fold(OR=3.12,95%CI:2.64–3.69)higher risk of MAFLD was observed in the lowest quartile(Q1)group than in the other groups(Q2–Q4)and the highest quartile(Q4)group,*** ORs of MAFLD were significantly increased in the lower muscle strength quartile groups in a dose-dependent manner(P for trend<0.001).These associations persisted in both *** inverse association between muscle strength and the risk of MAFLD was observed in all subgroups according to age,obesity,and diabetes *** patients with MAFLD,the odds of severe liver fibrosis were higher in Q1(OR=1.83,95%CI:1.25–2.69)than in other groups(Q2–Q4).CONCLUSION Among Korean adults,low muscle strength was associated with an increased risk of MAFLD and liver fibrosis in patients with MAFLD.

关键词： Muscle strength Handgrip strength Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease Liver fibrosis Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

The Security Situation in Northeast Asia and its Prospect

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Peace 2018年第3期 36-37页

作者： sang hyun lee the Sejong Institute ROK

1. Evaluating the U.S.-DPRK Singapore Summit Finally, U.S. President Donald Trump and North Korea’s Chairman Kim Jong-un met for a historic summit on June 12 in Singapore. The summit was indeed a ‘historic’ in the ... 详细信息

关键词： Security Northeast Asia Prospect

Crystal structure of a PP2A B56-BubR1 complex and its implications for PP2A substrate recruitment and localization

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Protein & Cell 2016年第7期7卷 516-526页

作者： Jiao Wang Zhizhi Wang Tingting Yu Huan Yang David M. Virshup Geert J. P. L. Kops sang hyun lee Weihong Zhou Xin Li Wenqing Xu Zihe Rao College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin 30071 China Department of Biological Structure University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School 8 College Road Singapore 169857 Singapore Department of Pediatrics Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA Molecular Cancer Research and Cancer-Genomics Centre and Department of Medical Oncology UMC Utrecht Universiteitsweg 100 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands National Laboratory of Macromolecutes Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100010 China

Protein phosphatase 2A （PP2A） accounts for the majority of total Ser/Thr phosphatase activities in most cell types and regulates many biological processes. PP2A holoenzymes contain a scaffold A subunit, a cat- alytic C subunit, and one of the regulatory/targeting B subunits. How the B subunit controls PP2A localization and substrate specificity, which is a crucial aspect of PP2A regulation, remains poorly understood. The kine- tochore is a critical site for PP2A functioning, where PP2A orchestrates chromosome segregation through its interactions with BubR1. The PP2A-BubR1 interac- tion plays important roles in both spindle checkpoint silencing and stable microtubule-kinetochore attach- ment. Here we present the crystal structure of a PP2A B56-BubRI complex, which demonstrates that a con- served BubRl LxxlxE motif binds to the concave side of the B56 pseudo-HEAT repeats. The BubR1 motif binds to a groove formed between B56 HEAT repeats 3 and 4, which is quite distant from the B56 binding surface for PP2A catalytic C subunit and thus is unlikely to affect PP2A activity. In addition, the BubR1 binding site on B56 is far from the B56 binding site of shugoshin, another kinetochore PP2A-binding protein, and thus BubR1 and shugoshin can potentially interact with PP2A-B56 simultaneously. Our structural and biochemical analysis indicates that other proteins with the LxxlxE motif may also bind to the same PP2A B56 surface. Thus, our structure of the PP2A B56-BubR1 complex provides important insights into how the B56 subunit directs the recruitment of PP2A to specific targets.

关键词： PP2A BubR1 kinetochore cellulartargeting substrate recruitment

Comparison of Entropy vs. Bispectral Index Anesthetic Depth Monitoring during Isoflurane Anesthesia in Living Donor Liver Transplantation: Observational Study

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2021年第5期11卷 137-148页

作者： sang hyun lee Janie Jang Kyunga Kim Heejin Yoo Yu Jeong Bang Ji-Won Choi Gaab Soo Kim Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul Korea Statistics and Data Center Research Institute for Future Medicine Samsung Medical Center Seoul Korea

Liver transplantation (LT) recipients are known to require less anesthetic agents. Providing minimally required anesthetics while avoiding awareness is especially important in LT recipients because it would help manage perioperative hemodynamic instability with less vasopressor and fast track recovery. This study aims to compare state entropy (SE) against bispectral index (BIS) during isoflurane anesthesia in LT. We adjusted anesthesia to BIS values 40 - 60, and compared it with concomitant SE values. BIS, SE values, and anesthetic requirements according to liver failure severity, etiology and LT stages were analyzed. For BIS-SE differences, SE value that is different from the concomitant BIS by more than 15 was defined as a significant disagreement. Mann Whitney, Kruskal Wallis test and a Poisson exact test were used for analysis. The BIS-SE pair sets of 2895 from 38 patients were analyzed. BIS, SE values and anesthetic requirements were significantly lower in MELD ≥ 20 (p < 0.001 in all) and in alcoholic etiology (p < 0.001 in all). For BIS-SE differences, 320 disagreement data pairs were seen at a rate of 1.33 times/hr (95% CI = [1.19, 1.48], p < 0.001). A significant disagreement was delineated in MELD score ≥ 20 (3.04 times/hr, CI = [2.64, 3.49], p < 0.001), alcoholic etiology (3.19 times/hr, [2.67, 3.78], p < 0.001) and postreperfusion stage (1.63 times/hr, [1.43, 1.85], p < 0.001). In these significant BIS-SE differences, 95.9% (307/320 disagreement data pairs) showed higher BIS than SE. In conclusion, in high MELD and alcoholic etiology, anesthetic requirements were significantly less, and BIS and SE showed great discrepancy with lower SE values. Therefore, when SE monitoring is used during LT, anesthesiologists may need to consider that in high MELD and alcoholic etiology, SE tends to show lower values than the concomitant BIS values that are within optimal anesthetic depth ranges.

关键词： Anesthetic Depth Bispectral Index Entropy Liver Transplantation Isoflurane

Leptomeningeal seeding after surgical resection or stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases: Analysis of risk factors

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Leptomeningeal seeding after surgical resection or stereotac...

麻醉前给予晶体或胶体负荷液对等比重蛛网膜下隙麻醉药椎管内扩散及脑脊液运动影响的比较研究

第五届韩-中神经肿瘤会议

作者： Jun Hyong Ahn sang hyun lee Heon Yoo Seung Hoon lee Jungnam Joo Sohee Kim Ho-Shin Gwak Department of Neurosurgery Seoul National University College of Medicine National Cancer Center Korea Department of diagnostic radiology National Cancer Center Korea Neuro-oncology Clinic and National Cancer Center Korea Department of Medical statistics National Cancer Center Korea

Background: Leptomeningeal seeding （LMS） is a devastating complication of malignancy. Among several pathogenesis, surgical spillage has been one of the iatrogenic factors for the development of LMS. We retrospectively analyzed various surgical factors affecting the development of LMS. Patients and Methods: We identified 294 patients with brain metastasis who had been treated using surgery between 2001 and 2009. We classified the tumor location into subcortical, pial, epipial, juxtaventricular and ventricular. The description of surgical resection was divided into piecemeal and en-bloc and the risk of using cavitron ultrasonic aspirator （CUSA） were investigated. Results: A total 44 of the 294 patients （15%） developed LMS after undergoing index procedure. The median time to LMS development was 6months （range, 1.0-42.0）. Among the 294 surgical patients, seven out of 101 en-bloc removal patients （6.9%） developed LMS, whereas 37 out of 193 piecemeal removal patients （19.2%） developed LMS, and the incidence of LMS was significantly different between these two surgical resection modes （p = 0.005）.The adjusted hazard ratio （HR） for patients whose tumors were resected by piecemeal compared to en-bloc was 3.12 （95% CI, 1.4-7.0;p = 0.006）. The incidence of LMS was significantly higher （p ＜ 0.001） in patients whose tumors were resected by CUSA, and the HR of using CUSA was 4.18 （95% CI, 1.9-9.4;p = 0.001）. The location of tumor at high-risk of CSF exposure （epipial and ventricular） conferred increased risk of LMS after the treatment compared to low-risk group with the HR 2.52 （95% CI, 1.4-4.7;p = 0.004）. On the other hand, the location of tumor at low-risk of CSF exposure （subcortical） showed significantly reduced risk of LSM compared to the other locations （HR=0.27;95% CI 0.12-0.65;p-value = 0.003）. Conclusion: The piecemeal resection mode and the use of CUSA were found to increase risk of LMS in this retrospective study. Therefore, the piecemeal resection using CUSA should be

关键词： Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis Neoplasm seeding surgery stereotactic radiosurgery

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麻醉与镇痛 2012年第2期8卷 48-55页

作者： Byung Seop Shin Chung Su Kim, MD Woo Seok Sire, MD Chul Joong lee, MD Sung Tae Kim, MD Gunn Hee Kim Si Ra Bang, MD sang hyun lee, MD Sun Ji hyun, MD Gaab Soo Kim, MD 潘鹏（译）李文志（校） Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Radiology and Center for Imaging Science Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul department of An-esthesiology and Pain Medicine National Medical Center Seoul Department of Anesthesiolo-gy and Pain Medicine Haeundae Paik Hospital Inje University School of Medicine Busan Korea

背景脑脊液（cerebrospinalfluid，CSF）运动是影响等比重蛛网膜下隙麻醉药椎管内扩散的重要因素。由于各自特性的不同，麻醉前给予晶体或胶体负荷液对CSF脉冲式运动的影响不完全相同。因此，本研究观察了麻醉前预充晶体或胶体负荷液是... 详细信息

背景脑脊液（cerebrospinalfluid，CSF）运动是影响等比重蛛网膜下隙麻醉药椎管内扩散的重要因素。由于各自特性的不同，麻醉前给予晶体或胶体负荷液对CSF脉冲式运动的影响不完全相同。因此，本研究观察了麻醉前预充晶体或胶体负荷液是否对CSF动力学（脉冲式运动）引起的等比重蛛网膜下隙麻醉药椎管内扩散有不同影响。方法等比重蛛网膜下隙麻醉药的临床研究中，患者随机分为两组：晶体液负荷组（η=30）及胶体液负荷组（η=30）。等比重蛛网膜下隙麻醉药为0．5％丁卡因。同时．通过MRI对23名健康志愿者讲行研究．分别观察给予品体及及胶体负荷液0、30分钟、60分钟后．CSF在L2-3节殿强中脑水管中部的运动。结果临床研究中，与胶体负荷液组（13．9±7．0分钟）相比，晶体负荷液组（27．1±17．8分钟）达感觉阻滞峰值时间明显延长（P〈0．01）。15分钟及20分钟时，晶体负荷液组平均感觉阻滞平面（15分钟：T10；20分钟：T9．5）显著低于胶体负荷液组（15分钟：T8；20分钟：T7）（P〈0．05）。MRI志愿者研究中，晶体负荷液组在30分钟时，直接来自头侧的CSF脉冲式运动在L2—3节段降低，而胶体负荷液组未出现显著变化。与基础值（448μl/min）相比，晶体负荷液组30分钟时CSF生成速度显著增加（637μl/min，P〈0．05），而在60分钟时轻微下降（609μl/min）。与基础值相比，胶体负荷液组30分钟及60分钟时CSF生成率没有统计学差异（基础值：464μl/min；30分钟：512μl/min；60分钟：542μl/min）。结论麻醉前给予胶体负荷液与无液体预充情形类似，而给予晶体负荷液，由于CSF生成增加，减弱了CSF脉冲式运动，进而延长等比重蛛网膜下隙麻醉药椎管内阻滞的感觉阻滞峰值时间。

关键词：蛛网膜下隙椎管内阻滞体负荷麻醉药等比重麻醉前内扩散脑脊液