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A Theoretically Grounded Question Answering Data Set for Evaluating Machine Common Sense

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Data Intelligence 2024年第1期6卷 1-28页

作者： Henrique santos Ke Shen Alice M.Mulvehill Mayank Kejriwal Deborah L.McGuinness Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY Information Sciences Institute Marina del Rey CA

Achieving machine common sense has been a longstanding problem within Artificial *** far,benchmark data sets that are grounded in a theory of common sense and can be used to conduct rigorous,semantic evaluations of common sense reasoning(CSR)systems have been *** expectation of the AI community is that neuro-symbolic reasoners can help bridge this gap towards more dependable systems with common *** propose a novel benchmark,called Theoretically Grounded common sense Reasoning(TG-CSR),modeled as a set of question answering instances,with each instance grounded in a semantic category of common sense,such as space,time,and *** benchmark is few-shot i.e.,only a few training and validation examples are provided in the public release to avoid the possibility of *** from recent evaluations suggest that TG-CSR is challenging even for state-of-the-art statistical *** to its semantic rigor,this benchmark can be used to evaluate the common sense reasoning capabilities of neuro-symbolic systems.

关键词： reasoning Intelligence instance

Complexed amino acid minerals ***-glycinate chelated minerals:Impact on the performance of old laying hens

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 395-408页

作者： Marcos J.B.santos Maria C.M.M.Ludke Leandro M.Silva Carlos B.V.Rabello Mércia R.Barros Fabiano S.Costa Clariana S.santos Jamille S.S.Wanderley Department of Animal Science Rural Federal University of PernambucoRecifePEBrazil Department of Veterinary Science Rural Federal University of PernambucoRecifePEBrazil

The present study was to evaluate the effect of trace minerals(Zn,Mn,and Cu)from complexed amino acid minerals(ZMCAA)and bis-glycinate chelated minerals(ZMCGly)in laying hen diets on performance,internal and external egg quality,yolk mineral deposition,intestinal morphometry,and bone *** 78 to 98 weeks of age,400 White LSL-Lite strain laying hens were distributed in a randomized design with 4 treatments with 10 replicates per *** were distributed in a 2×2 factorial arrangement using either Zn,Mn,and Cu of ZMCAA or ZMCGly source at 2 levels:low(20,20,and 3.5 mg/kg of Zn,Mn,and Cu,respectively)or high(40,40,and 7 mg/kg of Zn,Mn,and Cu,respectively).The analysis of variance was performed,and in cases where differences were observed,the means were compared using Tukey?s test(P<0.05).The source and level of trace mineral supplementation had a significant impact on the performance of laying *** fed ZMCAA had higher egg production(P=0.01),egg weight(P=0.02),egg mass(P=0.01),and lower feed conversion ratio(P=0.05)compared to those fed *** ZMCAA supplementation showed higher albumen height(P=0.01),albumen weight(P=0.01),and eggshell thickness(P<0.01).The deposition of Zn(P<0.01),Mn(P<0.01),and Cu(P<0.01)in the egg yolk was greater for hens received *** weight(P=0.04)and bone densitometry(P<0.01)in the tibia were higher with ZMCAA *** the small intestine,ZMCAA resulted in longer villi(P=0.02)and shorter crypt depth(P=0.01)in the *** and ileum measurements were influenced by the level and source of trace minerals(P<0.05).Laying hens fed ZMCAA exhibited superior performance,egg quality,deposition of trace minerals in the egg yolk,and bone density compared to hens fed *** this study,older laying hens supplemented with ZMCAA at lower levels demonstrated adequate levels of supplementation.

关键词： Bis-glycinates Metal-amino acids Radiodensity Trace minerals

Cardiovascular risk burden and disability:findings from the International Mobility in Aging Study(IMIAS)

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第3期21卷 331-339页

作者： Juan-David Martinez-Aristizábal Carmen-Lucia Curcio Juliana Fernandes Afshin Vafael Cristiano dos santos Gomes Fernando Gomez Internal Medicine Critical Care DepartmentPablo Tobón Uribe HospitalMedellínColombia Research Group in Geriatrics and Gerontology Faculty of Health SciencesUniversidad de CaldasManizalesColombia Laboratory of Physical Therapy and Collective Health Physical Therapy DepartmentFederal University of PernambucoJornalista Aníbal Fernandes Avenue RecifeBrazil Department of Public Health Sciences Queen’s UniversityKingstonONCanada Department of Physiotherapy University of PernambucoBR 203KmBrazil

BACKGROUND The association of cardiovascular risk burden with disability is *** examined the association between trajectories of the Framingham general cardiovascular disease risk score(FGCRS)with the trajectories of limitations of physical function in older *** A total of 1219 participants with no disabilities from the International Mobility in Aging Study(IMIAS)study who had up to three repeated measures of FGCRS between 2012–2016 and without a history of stroke or coronary heart disease at baseline and follow-up were *** at baseline was assessed and categorized into *** function was evaluated with the Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB).The data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects *** At baseline,FGCRS ranged between 3–94(mean score:24±15.8),participants were 32(2.6%),502(41.2%)and 685(56.2%)in lowest,middle,and highest tertiles,*** the trajectories of limitations of physical function,the lowest FGCRS had no differences,while the middle and highest had a decrease in physical performance between 2012–2014(P=0.0001).Age,being female,living in Andes Mountains,having middle and highest FGCRS,higher alcohol consumption,being obese,lack of exercise and cognitive impairment increase the probability of disability(P<0.05).Alternatively,living in more developed regions and having a higher educational level reduced the probability of disability during the follow-up time(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS Higher cardiovascular risk burden is associated with decreased physical performance,especially in *** suggest SPPB may provide a measure of cardiovascular health in older adults.

关键词： finding Battery burden

Association of Congenital Heart Defects (CHD) with Factors Related to Maternal Health and Pregnancy in Newborns in Puerto Rico

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Congenital Heart Disease 2024年第1期19卷 19-31页

作者： Yamixa Delgado Caliani Gaytan Naydi Perez Eric Miranda Bryan Colón Morales Mónica santos Biochemistry&Pharmacology Department San Juan Bautista School of MedicineCaguas00726Puerto Rico Hispanic Alliance for Clinical and Translational Research University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan00936Puerto Rico Department of Internal Medicine University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan00936Puerto Rico

Background:Given the pervasive issues of obesity and diabetes both in Puerto Rico and the broader United States,there is a compelling need to investigate the intricate interplay among body mass index(BMI),pregesta-tional,and gestational maternal diabetes,and their potential impact on the occurrence of congenital heart defects(CHD)during neonatal ***:Using the comprehensive System of Vigilance and Surveillance of Congenital Defects in Puerto Rico,we conducted a focused analysis on neonates diagnosed with CHD between 2016 and *** assessment encompassed a range of variables,including maternal age,gestational age,BMI,pregestational diabetes,gestational diabetes,hypertension,history of abortion,and presence of ***:A cohort of 673 patients was included in our *** average maternal age was 26 years,within a range of 22 to 32 *** mean gestational age measured 39 weeks,with a median span of 38 to 39 *** the 673 patients,274(41%)mothers gave birth to neonates diagnosed with *** this group,22 cases were linked to pre-gestational diabetes,while 202 were not;20 instances were associated with gestational diabetes,compared to 200 without;and 148 cases exhibited an overweight or obese BMI,whereas 126 displayed a normal ***:We identiﬁed a statistically signiﬁcant correlation between pre-gestational diabetes mellitus and the occurrence of ***,our analysis did not show a statistically signiﬁcant association between maternal BMI and the likelihood of *** results may aid in developing effective strategies to prevent and manage CHD in neonates.

关键词： Congenital heart defects(CHD) obesisty maternal health diabetes body mass index(BMI)

New avenues for the treatment of immunotherapy-resistant pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1134-1153页

作者： Luis Guilherme de Oliveira Silva Fabian Fellipe Bueno Lemos Marcel Silva Luz Samuel Luca Rocha Pinheiro Mariana dos santos Calmon Gabriel Lima Correa santos Gabriel Reis Rocha Fabrício Freire de Melo Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde Universidade Federal da BahiaVitória da Conquista 45029-094BahiaBrazil

Pancreatic cancer(PC)is characterized by its extremely aggressive nature and ranks 14th in the number of new cancer cases ***,due to its complexity,it ranks 7th in the list of the most lethal cancers *** pathogenesis of PC involves several complex processes,including familial genetic factors associated with risk factors such as obesity,diabetes mellitus,chronic pancreatitis,and *** in genes such as KRAS,TP53,and SMAD4 are linked to the appearance of malignant cells that generate pancreatic lesions and,consequently,*** this context,some therapies are used for PC,one of which is immunotherapy,which is extremely promising in various other types of cancer but has shown little response in the treatment of PC due to various resistance mechanisms that contribute to a drop in immunotherapy *** is therefore clear that the tumor microenvironment(TME)has a huge impact on the resistance process,since cellular and non-cellular elements create an immunosuppressive environment,characterized by a dense desmoplastic stroma with cancerassociated fibroblasts,pancreatic stellate cells,extracellular matrix,and immunosuppressive *** to this are genetic mutations in TP53 and immunosuppressive factors that act on T cells,resulting in a shortage of CD8+T cells and limited expression of activation markers such as *** this way,finding new strategies that make it possible to manipulate resistance mechanisms is ***,techniques such as the use of TME modulators that block receptors and stromal molecules that generate resistance,the use of genetic manipulation in specific regions,such as microRNAs,the modulation of extrinsic and intrinsic factors associated with T cells,and,above all,therapeutic models that combine these modulation techniques constitute the promising future of PC ***,this study aims to elucidate the main mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy in PC and new ways of manipulating thi

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Immunotherapy Resistance Tumor microenvironment manipulation Combined immunotherapy

Colorectal cancer screening:A review of current knowledge and progress in research

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1119-1133页

作者： Sara Ramos Lopes Claudio Martins Inês Costa santos Madalena Teixeira Élia Gamito Ana Luisa Alves Department of Gastroenterology Centro Hospitalar de SetúbalSetúbal 2910-446Portugal

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide,being the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths *** the progress in screening,early diagnosis,and treatment,approximately 20%-25%of CRC patients still present with metastatic disease at the time of their initial ***,the burden of disease is still expected to increase,especially in individuals younger than 50 years old,among whom early-onset CRC incidence has been *** and early detection are pivotal to improve CRC-related *** is well established that CRC screening not only reduces incidence,but also decreases deaths from *** screening strategies have proven effective in decreasing both CRC incidence and mortality,though variations in efficacy have been reported across the ***,uncertainties persist regarding the optimal screening method,age intervals and ***,adherence to CRC screening remains globally *** recent years,emerging technologies,notably artificial intelligence,and non-invasive biomarkers,have been developed to overcome these ***,controversy exists over the actual impact of some of the new discoveries on CRC-related outcomes and how to effectively integrate them into daily *** this review,we aim to cover the current evidence surrounding CRC *** will further critically assess novel approaches under investigation,in an effort to differentiate promising inno-vations from mere novelties.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Screening Review Oncology Artificial intelligence

Towards an integrated risk analysis security framework according to a systematic analysis of existing proposals

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第3期18卷 199-216页

作者： Antonio santos-OLMO Luis Enrique SÁNCHEZ David G.ROSADO Manuel A.SERRANO Carlos BLANCO Haralambos MOURATIDIS Eduardo FERNÁNDEZ-MEDINA GSyA Research Group University of Castilla-La ManchaCiudad Real 13071Spain Institute for Analytics and Data Science University of EssexColchester CO43SQUK Alarcos Research Group University of Castilla-La ManchaCiudad Real 13071Spain ISTR Research group Department of Computer Science and ElectronicsUniversity of CantabriaSantander 39005Spain

The information society depends increasingly on risk assessment and management systems as means to adequately protect its key information *** availability of these systems is now vital for the protection and evolution of ***,several factors have led to an increasing need for more accurate risk analysis *** are:the speed at which technologies evolve,their global impact and the growing requirement for companies to *** analysis processes must consequently adapt to these new circumstances and new technological *** objective of this paper is,therefore,to present the results of an exhaustive analysis of the techniques and methods offered by the scientific community with the aim of identifying their main weaknesses and providing a new risk assessment and management *** analysis was carried out using the systematic review protocol and found that these proposals do not fully meet these new *** paper also presents a summary of MARISMA,the risk analysis and management framework designed by our research *** basis of our framework is the main existing risk standards and proposals,and it seeks to address the weaknesses found in these *** is in a process of continuous improvement,as is being applied by customers in several European and American *** consists of a risk data management module,a methodology for its systematic application and a tool that automates the process.

关键词： information security management security system security risk assessment and management

Light demand characteristics,production performance,and changes in the feeding patterns of broilers

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第2期17卷 68-73页

作者： Shouyi Wang Guoping Jiang Chenghao Pan Thebano santos Yasser Elhadidi Ahmed Jado Shufang Jin Jinming Pan College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Infinova(Hangzhou)Information System Technology Co. Ltd.Hangzhou 310012China Center of Information Technology"Renato Archer"(CIT) Ministry of ScienceTechnologyInnovation and CommunicationCEP:13069-901 Campinas(SP)Brazil Department of Agricultural Engineering Mansoura UniversityMansoura 35516Egypt

Poultry is a light-sensitive animal and the light environment has an important influence on the growth and development of these *** studies have mainly focused on the effects of the light environment on various physiological indicators of poultry but seldom explored the light demand characteristics of broilers under free *** experiment mainly studied the light demand characteristics of broilers under a yellow LED light environment and the influence of different breeding densities[low-density(2.5 broilers/m^(2)),high-density(7.5 broilers/m^(2))]on the production performance and diet characteristics of *** showed that the production performance indexes of low-density groups are higher than those of high-density *** feed and water consumption in the light area of the two experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the dark area,which means that the broilers showed a great preference for the light ***,as the age of the broilers increased,the food and water consumption of the broilers decreased,indicating that broilers had a lower preference for light in the middle and late stages of *** statistical results for the residence frequency distribution characteristics showed that broiler chickens had different light requirements at different growth stages under the condition of active selection:1)low-density breeding environment:23.8L(light):0.2D(dark)for chicks and 22.3L:1.7D for adult broilers;2)high-density breeding environment:22.6L:1.4D for chicks and 15.0L:9.0D for adult *** study will provide a reference for the optimization and control of light environment in broiler breeding.

关键词： broiler light-demand characteristics production performance feeding pattern

Concerns about the application of resistance exercise with blood-flow restriction and thrombosis risk in hemodialysis patients

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 548-558,F0003页

作者： Hugo de Luca Correa Lysleine Alves Deus Dahan da Cunha Nascimento Nicholas Rolnick Rodrigo Vanerson Passos Neves Andrea Lucena Reis Thais Branquinho de Araujo Carmen Tzanno-Martins Fernanda Silveira Tavares Luiz Sinesio Silva Neto Claudio Avelino Rodrigues santos Paolo Lucas Rodrigues-Silva Fernando Honorato Souza Vitoria Marra da Motta Vilalva Mestrinho Rafael Lavarini dos santos Rosangela Vieira Andrade Jonato Prestes Thiago dos santos Rosa Post-graduate Program of Physical Education Catholic University of BrasıliaBrasılia 71966-700Brazil The Human Performance Mechanic Lehman CollegeNew YorkNY 10011USA Clinical Group Home Dialysis Center and RenalClass Sao Paulo 01239-040Brazil Department of Medicine Catholic University of BrasıliaBrasılia 71966-700Brazil Faculty of Medicine Federal University of TocantinsTocantins 77001-090Brazil Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Brasılia 70770-917Brazil Graduate Program of Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Brasılia 71966-700Brazil

Background:Hemodialysis(HD) per se is a risk factor for *** the growing body of evidence on blood-flow restriction(BFR) exercise in HD patients,identification of possible risk factors related to the prothrombotic agent D-dimer is required for the safety and feasibility of this training *** aim of the present study was to identify risk factors associated with higher D-dimer levels and to determine the acute effect of resistance exercise(RE) with BFR on this ***:Two hundred and six HD patients volunteered for this study(all with a glomerular filtration rate of 70 years old),and HD ***,RE+BFR significantly increases D-dimer after 4 *** with borderline baseline D-dimer levels(400-490 ng/mL) displayed increased risk of elevating D-dimer over the normal range(≥500 ng/mL).Conclusion:These results identified factors associated with a heightened prothrombotic state and may assist in the screening process for HD patients who wish to undergo RE+BFR.D-dimer and/or other fibrinolysis factors should be assessed at baseline and throughout the protocol as a precautionary measure to maximize safety during RE+BFR.

关键词： Blood-flow restriction Chronic kidney disease Coagulation Hemodialysis Vascular occlusion exercises