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Synergistic effects of chloride anions and carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals on the assembly of thick three-dimensional high-performance polypyrrole-based electrodes

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第7期31卷 492-501,I0013页

作者： Zuxin Sun samuel Eyley Yongjian Guo Reeta Salminen Wim Thielemans Sustainable Materials Lab Department of Chemical EngineeringKU LeuvenCampus Kulak KortrijkEtienne Sabbelaan 538500 KortrijkBelgium Research Unit Plasma Technology Department of Applied PhysicsGhent UniversitySint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41B49000 GhentBelgium

Porous three-dimensional (3D) structures generally improve the performance of electrodes by increasing their active surface area and the diffusion speed of electrolyte ions during charging/*** polypyrrole (PPy) based films were created by electrodepositing PPy in the presence of varying amounts of chloride anions (Cl^(-)) and polyanionic ribbonlike nanoparticles (carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (CnC-COO-)) as scaffold *** assembly mechanism of the 3D PPy electrodes combines the effect of different nucleation and growth mechanisms during electropolymerization and deposition of the formed PPy with CnC-COO-and with Cl^(-).The highest area capacitance of these electrode materials was 1.39 F cm^(-2)(150.2 F g^(-1)) at a current density of 1 m A cm^(-2)(0.1 A g^(-1)).More importantly,at a high current density of 20 m A cm^(-2)(2.2 A g^(-1)),the thick (ca.130μm),3D,and high mass loading(9.2 mg cm^(-2)) Cl^(-):CnC-COO-/PPy films exhibited an excellent areal capacitance of 0.85 F cm^(-2)(70.8 F g^(-1)),increasing about 16%over CnC-COO-/PPy films prepared without Cl^(-)present during *** addition,an aqueous Cl^(-):CnC-COO-/PPy (with Cl^(-):CnC-COO-=2.0) symmetric supercapacitor had an outstanding energy density of 41.15μWh cm^(-2)(4.46 Wh kg^(-1)) and excellent cycling stability,while even improving on its original areal capacitance (to 111.2%of its original capacitance) after cycling3000 cycles at 8 m A cm^(-2),indicating their potential in energy storage devices.

关键词： Polypyrrole Cellulose nanocrystals Three-dimensional structures One-step electrodeposition nucleation and growth mechanisms

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Interactions between invasive Eurasian watermilfoil and native water stargrass in Cayuga Lake, nY, USA

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第6期7卷 499-508页

作者： Bin Zhu samuel E.Georgian Department of Biology University of Hartford200 Bloomfield AvenueWest HartfordCT 06117USA Department of Biology Temple University1900 N 12 StreetPhiladelphiaPA 19122USA

Aims Eurasian watermilfoil(Myriophyllum spicatum L.)is a common invasive plant in American lakes and has many negative impacts on invaded *** decline of this plant at the north-ern end of Cayuga Lake in the new York State has occurred since the 1980s,with a much smaller magnitude of decline of Eurasian watermilfoil at the southern end(Johnson et al.2000)During the same period,increases in the abundance of native plants,partic-ularly water stargrass(Heteranthera dubia(Jacq.)MacMill.),have been observed(Johnson et al.(1998))We aimed to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the decline of Eurasian watermilfoil and evaluate the responses of co-occurring plants at the two ends of Cayuga Lake over *** hypothesized that plant interactions might have contributed to the drastic decline of Eurasian watermil-foil,particularly allelopathy by native water *** A lake survey was conducted to assess distribution and abundance of plant communities at the northern end and the southern end of Cayuga ***,two sets of greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the interactions between invasive Eurasian watermilfoil and native water stargrass.A competition experiment evaluated intra-versus inter-specific competition among plants grown together;an allelopathy experiment examined the responses of plants to each other’s *** Findings The lake survey showed that water stargrass was extremely abun-dant at the northern end,whereas Eurasian watermilfoil was sparse at the northern end but one of the most common species at the southern *** survey also revealed that water stargrass was more abundant than Eurasian watermilfoil at sites where the two species coexisted in the *** from greenhouse experi-ments revealed no effects of Eurasian watermilfoil on water star-grass ***,Eurasian watermilfoil biomass was reduced by 46%when treated with high concentration of water stargrass *** is likely d

关键词： allelopathy biological invasion plant interactions space competition submerged macrophytes

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Coupling between fluids and rock deformation in the continental crust:Preface

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第6期10卷 2085-2092页

作者： Silvia Japas Sebastian Oriolo Vinod samuel Instituto de Geociencias Básicas Aplicadas y Ambientales(IGeBA)CONICETUniversidad de Buenos AiresCiudad UniversitariaBuenos AiresArgentina Department of Earth System Sciences Yonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea

*** Fluids are essential and widespread components of the Earth *** regulate the main process of mass and energy transport,conditioning the geochemical and geophysical evolution of the crust(Bredehoeft and norton.1990)and,consequently,its properties and mechanical *** coupling between fluids,rock deformation,and heat are crucial engines for plate tectonics,playing a leading role in the rheology and evolution of the lithosphere(*** et al.,2000;Kennedy and van Soest,2007;Thompson,2010;Miller.2013;Yardley and Bodnar,2014:Hirauchi et al.,2016:Menzies et al.,2016;Plümper et al.,2017;Vizán et al.,2017).

关键词： rock crust continental

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An electropenetrography waveform library for the probing and ingestion behaviors of Culex tarsalis on human hands

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1165-1186页

作者： Anastasia M.W.Cooper samuel B.Jameson Victoria Pickens Cameron Osborne Elaine A.Backus Kristopher Silver Dana n.Mitzel Department of Entomology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA Department of Tropical Medicine Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew OrleansLos AngelesUSA USDA Agricultural Research Service San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences CenterParlierCaliforniaUSA national Bio and Agro-Defense Facility USDA Agricultural Research ServiceManhattanKansasUSA

Culex tarsalis Coquillett(Diptera:Culicidae)mosquitoes are capable of vectoring numerous pathogens affecting public and animal ***,the probing behaviors of mosquitoes are poorly understood because they occur in opaque ***(EPG)has the potential to elucidate these behaviors by recording the electrical signals generated during *** used an AC–DC EPG with variable input resistors(Ri levels)to construct a waveform library for *** feeding on human *** events associated with mosquito probing were used to characterize waveforms at four Ri levels and with two electrical current *** optimal settings for EPG recordings of *** probing on human hands was an Ri level of 10^(7)Ohms using an applied signal of 150 millivolts alternating *** for *** included those previously observed and associated with probing behaviors in Aedes aegypti L.(Diptera:Culicidae):waveform families J(surface salivation),K(stylet penetration through the skin),L(types 1 and 2,search for a blood vessel/ingestion site),M(types 1 and 2,ingestion),n(type 1,an unknown behavior which may be a resting and digestion phase),and W(withdrawal).However,we also observed variations in the waveforms not described in ***,which we named types L3,M3,M4,and *** investigation enhances our understanding of mosquito probing *** also provides a new tool for the automated calculation of peak *** work will facilitate future pathogen acquisition and transmission studies and help identify new pest and disease management targets.

关键词： AC-DC blood feeders electrical penetration graph EPG human hands mosquitoes waveform library

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Flying Capacitor Design Considerations for a 48-to-12 V,35 A Split-phase Dickson SC Converter

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Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering 2020年第4期6卷 28-41页

作者： Richard(Yue) Sun samuel Webb Yan-Fei Liu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Queen's UniversityKingston K7L 3N6Canada

Switched-capacitor converters can deliver better performance,power density,and switch utilization compared to inductor-based power converters,but they suffer from current spikes during switching due to capacitor charge *** can be solved by methods such as split-phase control,which was developed to address charge redistribution in Dickson SC converters by controlling the charging and discharging of the circuit‟s flying capacitors,such that the equivalent branch voltages line up when the circuit switches ***,split-phase control is most effective at compensating for charge redistribution when all the circuit‟s flying capacitors are matched in capacitance *** between the capacitance values of the circuit flying capacitors may result in split-phase control not being able to fully compensate for charge redistribution,due to the different charge/discharge rates of the flying *** work presented in this paper provides an in-depth analysis of the sensitivity of the split-phase Dickson converter to mismatches in flying capacitor values,as well as discussions regarding the design considerations and prototype test results of a split-phase Dickson converter for high-current loads.

关键词： Switched-capacitor converter Dickson converter split-phase control capacitor mismatch

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new insights into the pathophysiology of achalasia and implications for future treatment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第35期22卷 7892-7907页

作者： Janette Furuzawa-Carballeda samuel Torres-Landa Miguel ángel Valdovinos Enrique Coss-Adame Luis A Martín del Campo Gonzalo Torres-Villalobos Department of Immunology and Rheumatology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Department of Experimental Surgery Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Department of Gastroenterology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán

Idiopathic achalasia is an archetype esophageal motor disorder, causing significant impairment of eating ability and reducing quality of life. The pathophysiological underpinnings of this condition are loss of esophageal peristalsis and insufficient relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter(LES). The clinical manifestations include dysphagia for both solids and liquids, regurgitation of esophageal contents, retrosternal chest pain, cough, aspiration, weight loss and heartburn. Even though idiopathic achalasia was first described more than 300 years ago, researchers are only now beginning to unravel its complex etiology and molecular pathology. The most recent findings indicate an autoimmune component, as suggested by the presence of circulating anti-myenteric plexus autoantibodies, and a genetic predisposition, as suggested by observed correlations with other well-defined genetic syndromes such as Allgrove syndrome and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 B syndrome. Viral agents(herpes, varicella zoster) have also been proposed as causative and promoting factors. Unfortunately, the therapeutic approaches available today do not resolve the causes of the disease, and only target the consequential changes to the involved tissues, such as destruction of the LES, rather than restoring or modifying the underlying pathology. new therapies should aim to stop the disease at early stages, thereby preventing the consequential changes from developing and inhibiting permanent damage. This review focuses on the known characteristics of idiopathic achalasia that will help promote understanding its pathogenesis and improve therapeutic management to positively impact the patient's quality of life.

关键词： Achalasia Treatment Autoimmune disease Pathophysiology

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Stigma Receptivity Is Controlled by Functionally Redundant MAPK Pathway Components in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2020年第11期13卷 1582-1593页

作者： Muhammad Jamshed Subramanian Sankaranarayanan Kumar Abhinandan Marcus A.samuel University of Calgary BI 392Department of Biological Sciences2500 University Dr.NWCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Senior Scientist Frontier Agri-Science Inc98 Ontario StreetPort HopeON L1A2V2Canada Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

In angiosperms,the process of pollination relies on species-specific interaction and signaling between the male(pollen)and female(pistil)counterparts where the interplay between several pollen and stigma proteins decides the fate of the *** Brassicaceae,the dry stigmatic papillary cells control pollen germination by releasing resources only to compatible pollen thereby allowing pollen to hydrate and *** the identification of a number of stigmatic proteins that facilitate pollination responses,the signaling mechanisms that regulate functions of these proteins have remained ***,we show that,in Arabidopsis,an extremely functionally redundant mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascade is required for maintaining stigma receptivity to accept compatible *** genetic analyses demonstrate that in stigmas,five MAPK kinases(MKKs),MKK1/2/3/7/9 are required to transmit upstream signals to two MPKs,MPK3/4,to mediate compatible *** functions of these five MKKs in the quintuple mutant(mkk1/2/3RnAi/mkk7/9)phenocopied pollination defects observed in the m pk4RnAi/m pk3 double *** further show that this MAPK nexus converges on Exo70A1,a previously identified stigma receptivity factor essential for *** that pollination is the crucial initial step during plant reproduction,understanding the mechanisms that govern successful pollination could lead to development of strategies to improve crop yield.

关键词： reproduction pollination stigma receptivity compatibility MAPK redundancy Exo70A1 exocytosis phosphorylation

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Origin of major ions in monthly rainfall events at the Bamenda Highlands, north West Cameroon

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第4期26卷 801-809页

作者： Mengnjo J. Wirmvem Takeshi Ohba Wilson Y. Fantong samuel n. Ayonghe Jonathan n. Hogarh Justice Y. Suila Asobo nkengmatia E. Asaah Seigo Ooki Gregory Tanyileke Joseph V. Hell Department of Chemistry School of Science Tokai University Hiratsuka 259-1211 Japan Institute of Geological and Mining Research Yaounde Cameroon Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Environmental Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology Kumasi Ghana G.B.H.S. Atiela Nkwen Bamenda Cameroon Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo 152-8551 Japan

Rainwater characteristics can reveal emissions from various anthropogenic and natural sources into the atmosphere. The physico-chemical characteristics of 44 monthly rainfall events （collected between January and December 2012） from 4 weather stations （Bamenda, ndop plain, ndawara and Kumbo） in the Bamenda Highlands （BH） were investigated. The purpose was to determine the sources of chemical species, their seasonal inputs and suitability of the rainwater for drinking. The mean pH of 5 indicated the slightly acidic nature of the rainwater. Average total dissolved solids （TDS） were low （6.7 mg/L）, characteristic of unpolluted atmospheric moisture/air. Major ion concentrations （mg/L） were low and in the order K＋〉 Ca2＋〉 Mg2~ 〉 na＋ for cations and nO3 〉〉 HCO3 〉 SO] 〉 CI- 〉 PO3- 〉 F- for anions. The average rainwater in the area was mixed Ca-Mg-SO4-CI water type. The CI-/na＋ ratio （1.04） was comparable to that of seawater （1.16）, an indication that n a＋ and CI originated mainly from marine （Atlantic Ocean） aerosols. High enrichments of Ca2＋, Mg2＋ and SO2- to na＋ ratios relative to seawater ratios （constituting 44% of the total ions） demonstrated their terrigenous origin, mainly from Saharan and Sahelian arid dusts. The K＋/na＋ ratio （2.24）, which was similar to tropical vegetation ash （2.38）, and nO3 was essentially from biomass burning. Light （〈 100 mm） pre-monsoon and post-monsoon convective rains were enriched in major ions than the heavy （〉 100 mm） monsoon rains, indicating a high contribution of major ions during the low convective showers. Despite the acidic nature, the TDS and major ion concentrations classified the rainwater as potable based on the WHO guidelines.

关键词： rainwater chemistry tropical atmosphere drinking-water Bamenda Highlands Cameroon

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Complications of hip fractures: A review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2014年第4期5卷 402-411页

作者： Pedro Carpintero Jose Ramón Caeiro Rocío Carpintero Angela Morales samuel Silva Manuel Mesa Department of Orthopaedic University Hospital Reina Sofía 14004 Córdoba Spain Department of Orthopaedic University Hospital Santiago de Compostela 15006 La Corua Spain Department of Anesthesia University Hospital Reina Sofia 14004 Córdoba Spain Orthopaedic Department Hospital Valle de los Pedroches 14400 Pozoblanco Spain

nowadays, fracture surgery represents a big part of the orthopedic surgeon workload, and usually has associated major clinical and social cost implications. These fractures have several complications. Some of these are medical, and other related to the surgical treatment itself. Medical complications may affect around 20% of patients with hip fracture. Cognitive and neurological alterations, cardiopulmonary affections(alone or combined), venous thromboembolism, gastrointestinal tract bleeding, urinary tract complications, perioperative anemia, electrolytic and metabolic disorders, and pressure scars are the most important medical complications after hip surgery in terms of frequency, increase of length of stay and perioperative mortality. Complications arising from hip fracture surgery are fairly common, and vary depending on whether the fracture is intracapsular or extracapsular. The main problems in intracapsular fractures are biological: vascularization of the femoral head, and lack of periosteum-a major contributor to fracture healing- in the femoral neck. In extracapsularfractures, by contrast, the problem is mechanical, and relates to load-bearing. Early surgical fixation, the role of anti-thromboembolic and anti-infective prophylaxis, good pain control at the perioperative, detection and management of delirium, correct urinary tract management, avoidance of malnutrition, vitamin D supplementation, osteoporosis treatment and advancement of early mobilization to improve functional recovery and falls prevention are basic recommendations for an optimal maintenance of hip fractured patients.

关键词： Hip fracture Complications Morbidity Mortality Anesthesia

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A platform for initial testing of multiple camouflage patterns

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第6期17卷 1833-1839页

作者： Joanna R.Hall Olivia Matthews Timothy n.Volonakis Eric Liggins Karl P.Lymer Roland Baddeley Innes C.Cuthill nicholas E.Scott-samuel School of Psychological Science University of Bristol12a Priory RoadBristolBS81TUUK School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol24 Tyndall AvenueBristolBS81TQUK QinetiQ Ltd Cody Technology ParkFarnboroughHampshireGU140LXUK Defence Science and Technology Lab Physical Sciences GroupPorton DownSalisburyWiltshireSP40JQUK

The human visual system is still an important factor in military warfare;military personnel receive training on effective search strategies,and camouflage that can effectively conceal objects and personnel is a key component of a successful integrated survivability *** methods of camouflage assessment have,amongst others,used psychophysics to generate distinctiveness ***,the population from which the human observers are drawn is often not well defined,or necessarily *** this experiment we designed a new platform for testing multiple patterns based on a camouflaged object detection task,and investigate whether trained military observers perform better than *** use a two-alternative forced choice paradigm,with participants searching images of woodland for a replica military helmet displaying Olive Green,Multi Terrain Pattern,US Marine Pattern or,as a conspicuous control,Un Peacekeeper *** data show that there is no difference in detection performance between the two observer groups but that there are clear differences in the effectiveness of the different helmet colour patterns in a temperate woodland *** conclude that when tasks involve very short stimulus presentation times,task-specific training has little effect on the success of target detection and thus this paradigm is particularly suitable for robust estimates of camouflage efficacy.

关键词： Camouflage Detection Military Civilian Expertise Training

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