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Prognostic significance of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis treated with current standards of care

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第18期26卷 2221-2231页

作者： Anuj Bohra Thomas Worland samuel Hui Ryma Terbah Ann Farrell Marcus Robertson Department of Gastroenterology Monash HealthClayton 3168VictoriaAustralia Department of Gastroenterology Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Medicine School of Clinical SciencesMonash UniversityClayton 3168VictoriaAustralia

BAcKGROUND Hepatic encephalopathy(HE)is a reversible neuropsychiatric complication of liver cirrhosis and occurs in up to 50%of cirrhotic *** examining the prognostic significance of HE are limited despite the high prevalence in *** To define the clinical outcomes of patients after an episode of HE treated with current *** All patients hospitalised with HE requiring Rifaximin to 3 tertiary centres over46-mo(2012–2016)were identified via pharmacy dispensing *** with hepatocellular carcinoma and those prescribed Rifaximin prior to admission were *** records were reviewed to determine baseline characteristics and *** Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival *** survival analysis was performed with variables reaching statistical significance included in a multivariate *** primary outcome was 12-mo mortality following commencement of ***188 patients were *** age was 57 years(IQR 50-65),71%were male and median model for end stage liver disease and child Pugh scores were 25(IQR 18-31)and 11(IQR 9-12)*** most common causes of cirrhosis were alcohol(62%),hepatitis c(31%)and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(20%).A precipitating cause for HE was found in 92%patients with infection(43%),GI bleeding(16%),medication non-compliance(15%)and electrolyte imbalance(14%)the most *** a mean follow up period of 12±13 mo 107(57%)patients died and 32(17%)received orthotopic liver *** common causes of death were decompensated chronic liver disease(57%)and sepsis(19%).The probability of survival was 44%and 35%at 12-and 24-mo *** multivariate analysis a model for end stage liver disease>15 and international normalised ratio reached statistical significance in predicting *** Despite advances made in the management of HE patients continue to have poor ***,in all patients

关键词： Hepatic encephalopathy cirrhosis Portal hypertension Prognosis Rifaximin Lactulose

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confounding risk factors and preventative measures driving nephrolithiasis global makeup

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World Journal of Nephrology 2018年第7期7卷 129-142页

作者： samuel Shin Aneil Srivastava Nazira A Alli Bidhan c Bandyopadhyay calcium Signaling Laboratory Research Service Veterans Affairs Medical Center Washington DC 20422 United States George Washington University Washington DC 20052 United States

Nephrolithiasis is increasing in developed and developing countries at an alarming rate. With the global spike in kidney stone diseases, it is crucial to determine what risk factors are influencing the current global landscape for kidney stones. Our aims for this review are: to identity and analyze the four categories of risk factors in contributing to the global scale of stone formation: lifestyle, genetics, diet, and environment; and discuss preventative measures for kidney stone formation. We also performed data search through the published scientific literature, i.e., PubMed~? and found that there is a significant link between lifestyle and obesity with cases of calcium stones. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization factor indicators for dietary intake and obesity, along with climate data were used to create the projected total risk world map model for nephrolithiasis risk. complete global analyses of nephrolithiasis deplete of generalizations is nearly insurmountable due to limited sources of medical and demographic information, but we hope this review can provide further elucidation into confounding risk factors and preventative measures for global nephrolithiasis analysis.

关键词： Nephrolithiasis Epidemiology Risk factors Global factors

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Myanmar＇s Military Dictatorship continuance： Old Wine in New Bottle

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International Relations and Diplomacy 2017年第2期5卷 78-92页

作者： Yu Szu-Tu samuel c. Y. Ku National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan Wenzao Ursuline University of Language Kaohsiung Taiwan

Since 1962 till 2016, the Myanmar government has mainly been under the leadership of the following four political figures： Ne Win, Saw Maung, Than Shwe, and Thein Sein. However, none of them rose to power through genuine consensus of the nation＇s people, thus lacking in legitimacy and legality. Against this backdrop, the Myanmar society is incessantly caught in a cycle of tyranny, surveillance, repression and other means of inequality, as military authority continues to be reinforced in the country. Even though Thein Sein led a series of reform which include the release of some political detainees, freedom from house arrest granted to Aung San Suu Kyi, the right to form political parties, and relaxation of media censorship, he was still using military force to control various sectors in Myanmar, with military dictatorship still at the core of his power. General elections were held in Myanmar on November 8, 2015, the first open election since May of 1990. The results were as expected, with the National League for Democracy （NLD） led by Aung San Suu Kyi now holding majorities in the House of Nationalities （with 135 seats） and the House of Representatives （with 255 seats）, granting NLD comprehensive governance, with NLD member, U Htin Kyaw, elected as the first Myanmar civilian president in 54 years. Aung San Suu Kyi is to head two cabinet posts including foreign affairs and president＇s office ministries. However, the path ahead for the Myanmar political climate is still fraught with uncertainties, and it is mainly due to the transparent injustice embedded in the Myanmar constitution, which allows the military regime to continue to hold control over the country, reserving the possibilities for the military to make a comeback. Based on the above, this paper investigates the dictatorship of Ne Win, Saw Maung, Than Shwe, and Thein Sein through political development theory, and the objective is to present evidence that although Myanmar has been through different leaders, t

关键词： Myanmar military dictatorship constitution

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Season of the year influences infection rates following total hip arthroplasty

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第12期8卷 895-901页

作者： samuel Rosas Alvin c Ong Leonard T Buller Karim G Sabeh Tsun yee Law Martin W Roche Victor H Hernandez Department of Orthopedic Surgery Wake Forest School of Medicine Holy cross Orthopedic Institute Orthopedic Surgery Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Department of Orthopedics Surgery University of Miami Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Holy Cross Hospital

AIM To research the influence of season of the year on periprosthetic joint *** We conducted a retrospective review of the entire Medicare files from 2005 to 2014. Seasons were classified as spring, summer, fall or winter. Regional variations were accounted for by dividing patients into four geographic regions as per the United States census Bureau(Northeast, Midwest, West and South). Acute postoperative infection and deep periprosthetic infections within 90 d after surgery were tracked. RESULTS In all regions, winter had the highest incidence of periprosthetic infections(mean 0.98%, SD 0.1%) and was significantly higher than other seasons in the Midwest, South and West(P cute postoperative infection rates were more frequent in the summer and were significantly affected by season of the year in the *** Season of the year is a risk factor for periprosthetic joint infection following total hip arthroplasty(THA). Understanding the influence of season on outcomes following THA is essential when risk-stratifying patients to optimize outcomes and reduce episode of care costs.

关键词： Hip arthroplasty Healthcare Infection Outcomes Season

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New perspectives on cytoskeletal dysregulation and mitochondrial mislocalization in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2021年第4期10卷 595-610页

作者： Frances Theunissen Phillip K.West samuel Brennan Bojan Petrovic Kosar Hooshmand P.Anthony Akkari Matt Keon Boris Guennewig Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science NedlandsWAAustralia centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics Murdoch UniversityMurdochWAAustralia GenieUs Genomics Pty Ltd SydneyNSWAustralia Brain and Mind centre and central clinical School Faculty of Medicine and Healththe University of SydneyamperdownNSWAustralia Division of Neurology Duke University Medical CentreDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective,early degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal *** neurons have long axonal projections,which rely on the integrity of neuronal cytoskeleton and mitochondria to regulate energy requirements for maintaining axonal stability,anterograde and retrograde transport,and signaling between *** formation of protein aggregates which contain cytoskeletal proteins,and mitochondrial dysfunction both have devastating effects on the function of neurons and are shared pathological features across several neurodegenerative conditions,including ALS,Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,Huntington's disease and charcot-Marie-Tooth ***,it is becoming increasingly clear that cytoskeletal integrity and mitochondrial function are intricately ***,dysregulations of the cytoskeletal network and mitochondrial homeostasis and localization,may be common pathways in the initial steps of *** we review and discuss known contributors,including variants in genetic loci and aberrant protein activities,which modify cytoskeletal integrity,axonal transport and mitochondrial localization in ALS and have overlapping features with other neurodegenerative ***,we explore some emerging pathways that may contribute to this disruption in ALS.

关键词： cytoskeleton Neurofilament Mitochondria Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Neurodegeneration Axonal transport Gut microbiome

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Bacteriophages Isolated in china for the control of Pectobacterium carotovorum causing Potato Soft Rot in Kenya

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Virologica Sinica 2019年第3期34卷 287-294页

作者： Peter Muturi Junping Yu Alice Nyambura Maina samuel Kariuki Frantis B.Mwaura Hongping Wei Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Biosafety Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China centre for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research InstituteNairobi 00202Kenya School of Biological and Life Sciences Technical University of KenyaNairobi 00200Kenya School of Biological Sciences University of NairobiNairobi 00100Kenya Sino-Africa Joint Research centre Nairobi 00200Kenya

Soft rot is an economically significant disease in potato and one of the major threats to sustainable potato *** study aimed at isolating lytic bacteriophages and evaluating methods for and the efficacy of applying phages to control potato soft rot caused by Pectobacterium *** bacteriophages isolated from soil and water samples collected in Wuhan,china,were used to infect *** host strains isolated from potato tubers showing soft rot symptoms in Nakuru county,*** efficacy of the phages in controlling soft rot disease was evaluated by applying individual phage strains or a phage cocktail on potato slices and tubers at different time points before or after inoculation with a *** *** phages could lyse 20 strains of ***,but not Pseudomonas fluorescens control *** the 11 phages,Pectobacterium phage Wc5r,interestingly showed cross-activity against Pectobacterium atrosepticum and two phage-resistant *** *** slice assays showed that the phage concentration and timing of application are crucial factors for effective soft rot *** cocktail applied at a concentration of 1×10^9 plaque-forming units per milliliter before or within an hour after bacterial inoculation on potato slices,resulted in>90%reduction of soft rot *** study provides a basis for the development and application of phages to reduce the impact of potato soft rot disease.

关键词： Pectobacterium carotovorum Potato soft rot Bacteriophages Phage resistance

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Neuroprotection induced by NMDA preconditioning as a strategy to understand brain tolerance mechanism

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第4期10卷 542-543页

作者： Leandra c.constantino samuel Vandresen-Filho carla I.Tasca Departamento de Bioquímica Centro de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Santa CatarinaUFSCCampus Trindade88040-900 FlorianópolisSCBrazil Departamento de ciências Básicas em Saúde Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Mato GrossoCuiabáMTBrasil

Excitotoxicity refers to toxicity caused by abnormal concentrations of glutamate in the synaptic cleft that may lead to neuronal death. Since its description, the phenomenon of glutamatergic excitotoxicity has been implicated in the physiopathology of a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders, from acute brain damage such as traumatic brain injury, ischemia as well as chronic condi- tions like epilepsy, depression and neurodegenerative pathologies such as Huntington＇s, Parkinson＇s and Alzheimer＇s diseases. Exces- sive stimulation of glutamatergic receptors, mainly N-methyl-D-as- partate （NMDA） receptors （NMDAR）, can have numerous adverse effects on the cell viability, including increased nitric oxide release （NO）, activation of proteases, increased production of reactive oxygen （ROS） and nitrogen （RNS） species and massive influx of calcium ions （ca2＋）, resulting in cell death. Thus, the use of strategies that modulate the excitotoxic cell damage represents a perspective for the treatment of diseases such as Parkinson＇s and Alzheimer＇s diseases, ischemia, traumatic brain injury （TBI） and seizures.

关键词： NMDA Neuroprotection induced by NMDA preconditioning as a strategy to understand brain tolerance mechanism

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Modern management : 8th ed.

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2000年

作者： samuel c. certo.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Tissue Engineering:current and Future Approaches to Ocular Surface Reconstruction

Tissue Engineering:Current and Future Approaches to Ocular S...

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中华医学会第十二届全国眼科学术大会

作者： samuel c.Yiu Shivaram Selvam Doheny Eye Institute 1450 San Pablo Street Los AngelesCA90033 USA

Although cells have been cultured outside the body for many years,research has only recently begun to develop complex three—dimensional tissue constructs that will ideally mature into fully functional tissues and ***...

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On the Stability of Our Universe

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Journal of Modern Physics 2012年第9期3卷 1211-1215页

作者： Marcelo samuel Berman Newton c. A. da costa Instituto Albert Einstein/Latinamerica Av. Sete de Setembro Brazil

We argue that the Robertson-Walker’s Universe is a zero-energy stable one, even though it may possess a rotational state besides expansion.

关键词： Roberston-Walker’s Universe Rotation of the Universe Stability

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