Confounding risk factors and preventative measures driving nephrolithiasis global makeup
Confounding risk factors and preventative measures driving nephrolithiasis global makeup作者机构：Calcium Signaling Laboratory Research Service Veterans Affairs Medical Center Washington DC 20422 United States George Washington University Washington DC 20052 United States
出 版 物：《World Journal of Nephrology》 (世界肾病学杂志（英文版）)
年 卷 期：2018年第7卷第7期
页 面：129-142页
学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100210[医学-外科学(含：普外、骨外、泌尿外、胸心外、神外、整形、烧伤、野战外)] 10[医学]
基 金：Supported by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases,No.DK102043(to Bidhan C Bandyopadhyay) National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering,No.EB021483(to Bidhan C Bandyopadhyay)
主 题：Nephrolithiasis Epidemiology Risk factors Global factors
摘 要：Nephrolithiasis is increasing in developed and developing countries at an alarming rate. With the global spike in kidney stone diseases, it is crucial to determine what risk factors are influencing the current global landscape for kidney stones. Our aims for this review are: to identity and analyze the four categories of risk factors in contributing to the global scale of stone formation: lifestyle, genetics, diet, and environment; and discuss preventative measures for kidney stone formation. We also performed data search through the published scientific literature, i.e., PubMed~? and found that there is a significant link between lifestyle and obesity with cases of calcium stones. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization factor indicators for dietary intake and obesity, along with climate data were used to create the projected total risk world map model for nephrolithiasis risk. Complete global analyses of nephrolithiasis deplete of generalizations is nearly insurmountable due to limited sources of medical and demographic information, but we hope this review can provide further elucidation into confounding risk factors and preventative measures for global nephrolithiasis analysis.
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