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Resistance to Malicious Packet Droppers Through Enhanced AODV in a MANET

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 4087-4106页

作者： Shirina samreen Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SciencesMajmaah UniversityAl Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia

Packet dropping in a mobile ad hoc network can manifest itself as the data plane attacks as well as control plane *** former deal with malicious nodes performing packet drop on the data packets following the route formation and the latter deal with those malicious nodes which either drop or manipulate the control packets to degrade the network *** idea of the proposed approach is that during the route establishment,each of the on-path nodes is provided with pre-computed hash values which have to be used to provide a unique acknowledgement value to the upstream neighbor which acts as a proof of the forwarding *** analysis phase results in the detection of nodes which exhibited malicious behavior in the current communication session so as to avoid them in the future communication sessions resulting in an improved packet delivery fraction even in the presence of one or more malicious nodes in the *** communication overhead incurred is minimum since the acknowledgement reports are sent to the destination for a transmission of N packets rather than an individual acknowledgement for each transmitted *** contrast to some of the existing techniques,the proposed mechanism is not dependent on the deployment of additional infrastructure like special Intrusion Detection System(IDS)*** only overhead incurred is in the form of control packets exchanged for the reports request and the reports submission.

关键词： Mobile ad hoc networks(MANETs) routing protocols attacks on MANET secure routing packet droppers

Predictors of complicated dengue infections in endemic region of Pakistan

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022年第11期15卷 496-502页

作者： Ikram Waheed samreen Khalid Zubia Jamil Department of Medicine Fauji Foundation HospitalRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Medicine Foundation University Medical CollegeFoundation UniversityDHA Phase 1 Islamabad 44000Pakistan

Objective:To predict the factors associated with progression to severe dengue infection to prevent potentially fatal complications and to identify the determinants of severe complicated ***:The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospitaldengue ward from September to November 2021 including confirmed dengue infected patients(positive NS1 antigen or antidengue-antibodies IgM).Secondary dengue infection was labelled by positive anti-dengue-antibodies IgG in active dengue infected *** history,physical examination,laboratory and radiological parameters,hospital stay(days)and mortality percentages were *** were classified into three groups according to disease severity:dengue fever(DF),dengue hemorrhagic fever(DHF)and dengue shock syndrome(DSS).The predictors of complicated dengue infection were determined by regression ***:The most common symptom was fever(96.9%).Among 129 patients,62.8%had DF,31.0%had DHF and only 6.2%developed *** of previous symptomatic dengue and positive anti-dengue-antibodies IgG were present in 100%DSS patients and nearly 75.0%DHF patients(P<0.05).The moratlity rate in patients with DSS,DHF and DF was 50.0%,2.5%and none respectively(P<0.05).Clinical parameters(body aches,bleeding,conjunctival hemorrhage,maculopapular rash,right hypochondrial tenderness,ascites,pleural effusion)and laboratory parameters(thrombocytopenia,raised alanine aminotransferase and secondary dengue infection)were determinants that complicate the dengue ***:Thrombocytopenia,raised alanine aminotransferase and secondary dengue infection are important laboratory parameters to complicate the disease process of dengue infection.

关键词： Dengue fever Severe dengue Endemic diseases Thrombocytopenia Hemorrhage Shock

Rice Disease Diagnosis System (RDDS)

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 1895-1914页

作者： Sandhya Venu Vasantha Shirina samreen Yelganamoni Lakshmi Aparna Maturi Venkata Subba Rao(MVSR)Engineering College HyderabadTelanganaIndia College of Computer and Information Sciences Majmaah UniversityKSA Indian Institute of Technology Indian School of Mines(ISM)DhanbadJharkhandIndia

Hitherto,Rice(Oryza Sativa)has been one of the most demanding food crops in the world,cultivated in larger quantities,but loss in both quality and quantity of yield due to abiotic and biotic stresses has become a major *** cultivation,the crops are most prone to biotic stresses such as bacterial,viral,fungal diseases and *** stresses can drastically damage the *** and erroneously recognized crop diseases can increase fertilizers costs and major yield loss which results in high financial loss and adverse impact on nation’s *** proven methods of molecular biology can provide accurate detection of pathogenic factors,but these methods are not accessible to the majority of the farmers,needs high costs or resources,and require domain knowledge to ***’s field inspection report provides precise crop diagnosis but continuous field inspection over the remotely placed agriculture fields is not ***,cost effective approach for early detection of diseases can help farmers to take necessary steps in time to boost up the crop *** agriculture makes use of decision support systems built using Machine Learning(ML)or Deep Learning(DL)approaches to cut down heavy *** crop diagnosis process can be automated with the involvement of Computer Vision,Image Processing and Deep Learning(DL)based methods for more precise prediction in less cost and *** research shows that more accurate image classification can be implemented using Deep Learning based Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)*** this paper,we have proposed an automated Rice Disease Diagnosis System(RDDS)for timely,more accurate and detailed crop disease diagnosis,which consisting of two modules,they are Leaf Disease Identification(LDI)module for disease detection and Infection Intensity Estimation(IIE)module for disease severity *** LDI module is based on the proposed novel RDD_CNN model that classified the eight most harmful a

关键词： Rice disease detection CNN Machine Learning Deep Learning image processing

An empirical study on the complexity, security and maintainability of Ethereum-based decentralized applications (DApps)

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2023年第2期4卷 28-40页

作者： Noama Fatima samreen Manar H.Alalfi Department of Computer Science Toronto Metropolitan UniversityTorontoON M5B 2K3Canada

The Ethereum blockchain’s smart contract is a programmable transaction that performs general-purpose computations and can be executed automatically on the *** this component,blockchain technology(BT)has grown beyond the scope of cryptocurrencies and can now be applicable in various industries other than *** this paper,we investigated the current trends in Ethereum-based decentralized applications(DApps)to be able to categorize and analyze the DApps to measure the complexity of smart contracts behind them,their level of security and their correlation to the maintainability of the *** leveraged the source code analysis,security analysis,and the developmental metadata of the DApps to infer this *** on our findings,we concluded that the maintainability of Ethereum DApps is proportional to the code size,number of functions,and,most importantly,the number of outgoing invocations and statements in the smart contracts.

关键词： Blockchain technology Ethereum smart contracts Code metrics Software complexity Software security Software maintainability Decentralized applications

Homotopy perturbation aided optimization procedure with applications to oscillatory fractional order nonlinear dynamical systems

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2019年第4期10卷 107-128页

作者： Najeeb Alam Khan Tooba Hameed samreen Ahmed Department of Mathematics University of KarachiKarachi 75270Pakistan

This paper presents an approximate solution of nonlinear fractional differential equations(FDEs)that exhibit an oscillatory behavior by using a metaheuristic *** solutions of the governing equations are approximated by using homotopy perturbation method(HPM)along with the fractional derivative in the Caputo *** designed methodology is based on a weighted series of HPM in conjunction with a nature-inspired *** idea is instantly fascinated by the researchers on the consequent implementation of nature-inspired learning algorithms such as a Cuckoo search algorithm(CSA).The usage of CSA has accelerated the minimized search path of error to the convergent values of the *** validity and accuracy of the proposed technique are ascertained by calculating the approximate solution and the error norms which ensure the convergence of the approximation that can be further *** critical analysis is also provided by the numerical simulation of two different test *** of key points has been determined by the tabulation of numerical values and *** study of the results with known numerical technique is also performed.

关键词： Lotka-Volterra model Brusselator model Caputo fractional derivative Cuckoo search algorithm

Pakistan’s experience with risk assessment training and implementation of concepts from the 4th edition of the WHO laboratory biosafety manual

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Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity 2021年第2期3卷 99-107页

作者： samreen Sarwar Viji Vijayan Health Security Partners Lahore 54000Pakistan Department of Safety Health and Emergency Management Duke-NUS Medical School8 College RoadSingapore 169857Singapore

Introduction:The cyclical process of hazard identification,risk assessment,risk mitigation,and review is a key step in developing a biorisk management(BRM)*** paper describes how this process was initiated in two laboratories in Pakistan using a unique model of blended ***:A training needs analysis showed that the staff had very little knowledge of BRM systems.A workshop using a unique blended model was conducted in which virtual and in-presence learning occurred *** workshop aimed to train the participants by applying two key concepts from the World Health Organization Laboratory Biosafety Manual 4th edition:1)the cyclical process of risk assessment and 2)mapping the core biorisk and establishing heightened control measures in the laboratories of the participants based on the risk *** scenarios and examples used in the training were from the participants’laboratory work ***:Prior to this project,no risk assessment was conducted in these *** the workshop,a risk assessment was performed for six work *** addition,seven core requirements and three heightened control measures were mapped,a biorisk officer was appointed,and a biosafety committee was ***,a biorisk manual,a biological waste management plan,an occupational health center,and a system for audits and inspections are being *** and conclusion:BRM training is not a one-time effort;it has to be strengthened to ensure the development and implementation of a comprehensive and sustainable BRM *** must be applicable to local settings and incremental,in a way that participants are not overloaded with information.

关键词： Training Biosafety Risk assessment Standard operating procedures Biorisk

Simulation of snowmelt-runoff under climate change scenarios in a data-scarce mountain environment

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2019年第8期12卷 910-930页

作者： Adnan Ahmad Tahir samreen Abdul Hakeem Tiesong Hu Huma Hayat Muhammad Yasir Department of Environmental Sciences COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyAbbottabadPakistan State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhanPeople’s Republic of China

Pakistan is an agriculture-based economy and major proportion of irrigation water for its cultivated lands is abstracted from the Upper Indus Basin(UIB).UIB water supplies are mostly contributed from the high-altitude snow and glacier fields situated in the Hindukush–Karakoram–Himalayan *** change in the flows of these river catchments due to climate variability may result in the form of catastrophic events like floods and droughts and hence will adversely affect the economy of *** study aims to simulate snowmelt runoff in a mountainous sub-catchment(Shyok River basin)of the UIB under climate change *** Runoff Model(SRM)coupled with remotely sensed snow cover product(MOD10A2)is used to simulate the snowmelt runoff under current and future climate scenarios in the study *** results indicate that(a)SRM has efficiently simulated the flow in Shyok River with average Nash–Sutcliff coefficient value(R2)of 0.8(0.63–0.93)for all six years(2000–2006)of basin-wide and zone-wise simulations,(b)an increase of 10%(by 2050)and 20%(by 2075)in SCA will result in a flow rise of∼11%and∼20%,respectively,and(c)an increase of 1℃(by 2025),2℃(by 2050),3℃(by 2075)and 4℃(by 2100)in mean temperature will result in a flow rise of∼26%,∼54%,∼81%and∼118%,*** study suggests that SRM equipped with remotely sensed snow cover data is an effective tool to estimate snowmelt runoff in high mountain data-scarce environments.

关键词： Upper Indus Basin(UIB) Shyok River basin MOD10A2 Snowmelt Runoff Model(SRM) climate change

Clinical outcomes of moderate to severe COVID-19 patients receiving invasive vs. non-invasive ventilation

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2021年第4期14卷 176-182页

作者： Zubia Jamil samreen Khalid Shahid Mumtaz Abbasi Yasir Waheed Jamal Ahmed Department of Medicine Foundation University Medical CollegeFoundation UniversityDHA Phase 1 Islamabad 44000Pakistan Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Multidisciplinary Lab Foundation University Medical CollegeFoundation UniversityDHA Phase 1 Islamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Pulmonology Fauji Foundation HospitalRawalpindi 46000Pakistan

Objective:To evaluate the in-hospital outcome of moderate to severe COVID-19 patients admitted in High Dependency Unit(HDU)in relation to invasive ***-invasive mode of ***:In this study,the patients required either non-invasive[oxygen≤10 L/min or>10 L/min through mask or nasal prongs,rebreather masks and bilevel positive airway pressure(BiPAP)]or invasive *** analysis of 30-day in hospital mortality in relation to use of different modes of oxygen,Kaplan Meier and log rank analyses were *** the end,independent predictors of survival were determined by Cox regression ***:Invasive ventilation was required by 15.1%patients while 84.9%patients needed non-invasive *** with evidence of thromboembolism,high inflammatory markers and hypoxemia mainly required invasive *** 30-day in hospital mortality was 72.7%for the invasive group and 12.9%for the non-invasive group(1.8%oxygen10 L/min,3.6%rebreather mask and 4.5%BiPAP).The median time from hospital admission to outcome was 7 days for the invasive group and 18 days for the non-invasive group(P<0.05).Age,presence of co-morbidities,number of days requiring oxygen,rebreather,BiPAP and invasive ventilation were independent predictors of ***:Invasive mechanical ventilation is associated with adverse outcomes possibly due to ventilator associated lung ***,protective non-invasive ventilation remains the necessary and safe treatment for severely hypoxic COVID-19 patients.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Non-invasive ventilation Respiratory insufficiency Hypoxia Mechanical ventilation

Capacity building for the identification,mitigation,and communication of DURC in Pakistan:A cross-sectional study

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Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity 2021年第2期3卷 141-146页

作者： Shamsul Arfin Qasmi samreen Sarwar Muhammad Azheruddin Department of Pathology Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical CollegeKarachiSindhPakistan Technical Advisor Health Security PartnersLahorePakistan and Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of Health Sciences LahorePakistan Department of Community Medicine Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical CollegeKarachiSindhPakistan

The increasing threat posed by state and nonstate actors seeking to misuse scientific and technological developments means it is more important than ever to ensure the responsible conduct of life sciences research,biosecurity research,and dual-use research of concern(DURC).Pakistan has a rapidly growing research environment and,being a signatory to the Biological Toxins and Weapons Convention,is committed to raising DURC awareness among its *** this end,a series of five workshops were conducted in Pakistan between July 2018 and January 2020 with the support of the United States organization Health Security *** workshops targeted universities offering postgraduate programs in life and medical *** purpose of the workshops was to enable participants to understand the concept of DURC,review their own research,determine if any of their experiments may be DURC,identify potential risks while conducting the research,and develop protocols to mitigate DURC threats.A pre-and post-workshop questionnaire evaluated the knowledge of the *** of both the course and facilitators were obtained at each workshop.

关键词： Dual-use research Knowledge Pakistan Training